Joseph Hasner
Encyclopedia
Joseph Hasner, Ritter von Artha (August 13, 1819 – February 2, 1892) was an Austrian ophthalmologist born in Prague
. He studied medicine at the University of Prague
, and subsequently was an assistant at Johann Fischer's eye clinic in Prague, and later a lecturer and professor of ophthalmology
. His brother, Leopold Hasner von Artha
(1818–1891) was an influential Austrian politician.
Joseph Hasner was a professor at the University of Prague from 1852 until 1884. He is remembered for the discovery of plica lacrimalis, which is a fold of mucous membrane
that guards the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct
. This membrane goes by other names, including "Hasner's valve" and "Hasner's fold". Also, he put forth the theory that myopia
was caused by stretching of the eyeball. This being due to pulling on the posterior pole
by the optic nerve
.
. Other noted writings by Hasner include:
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
. He studied medicine at the University of Prague
Charles University in Prague
Charles University in Prague is the oldest and largest university in the Czech Republic. Founded in 1348, it was the first university in Central Europe and is also considered the earliest German university...
, and subsequently was an assistant at Johann Fischer's eye clinic in Prague, and later a lecturer and professor of ophthalmology
Ophthalmology
Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a specialist in medical and surgical eye problems...
. His brother, Leopold Hasner von Artha
Leopold Hasner von Artha
Leopold Hasner von Artha was an Austrian civil servant and statesman.- External links :*...
(1818–1891) was an influential Austrian politician.
Joseph Hasner was a professor at the University of Prague from 1852 until 1884. He is remembered for the discovery of plica lacrimalis, which is a fold of mucous membrane
Mucous membrane
The mucous membranes are linings of mostly endodermal origin, covered in epithelium, which are involved in absorption and secretion. They line cavities that are exposed to the external environment and internal organs...
that guards the lower opening of the nasolacrimal duct
Nasolacrimal duct
The nasolacrimal duct carries tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity. Excess tears flow through nasolacrimal duct which drains into the inferior nasal meatus...
. This membrane goes by other names, including "Hasner's valve" and "Hasner's fold". Also, he put forth the theory that myopia
Myopia
Myopia , "shortsightedness" ) is a refractive defect of the eye in which collimated light produces image focus in front of the retina under conditions of accommodation. In simpler terms, myopia is a condition of the eye where the light that comes in does not directly focus on the retina but in...
was caused by stretching of the eyeball. This being due to pulling on the posterior pole
Posterior pole
In ophthalmology, the posterior pole is the back of the eye, usually referring to the retina between the optic disc and the macula....
by the optic nerve
Optic nerve
The optic nerve, also called cranial nerve 2, transmits visual information from the retina to the brain. Derived from the embryonic retinal ganglion cell, a diverticulum located in the diencephalon, the optic nerve doesn't regenerate after transection.-Anatomy:The optic nerve is the second of...
.
Published works
Among his numerous publications is Klinische Vorträge über Augenheilkunde (Clinical Lectures on Ophthalmology), which is a collection of Hasner's lectures on eye diseases and ophthalmoscopyOphthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope . It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination...
. Other noted writings by Hasner include:
- Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie des Tränenableitungsapparats (Contributions to the Physiology and Pathology of the Lacrimal Drainage ApparatusLacrimal apparatusThe lacrimal apparatus is the physiologic system containing the orbital structures for tear production and drainage.It consists of:* the lacrimal gland, which secretes the tears, and its excretory ducts, which convey the fluid to the surface of the eye;...
), 1851 - Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie des Auges (Contributions to the PhysiologyPhysiologyPhysiology is the science of the function of living systems. This includes how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and bio-molecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system. The highest honor awarded in physiology is the Nobel Prize in Physiology or...
and PathologyPathologyPathology is the precise study and diagnosis of disease. The word pathology is from Ancient Greek , pathos, "feeling, suffering"; and , -logia, "the study of". Pathologization, to pathologize, refers to the process of defining a condition or behavior as pathological, e.g. pathological gambling....
of the Eye), 1873 - Über die Grenzen der Akkommodation des Auges (On the Limits of AccommodationAccommodation (eye)Accommodation is the process by which the vertebrate eye changes optical power to maintain a clear image on an object as its distance changes....
of the Eye), 1875 - Das mittlere Auge in seinen physiologischen und pathologischen Beziehungen (The Median Eye in its Physiological and Pathological Relationships), 1879
- Die Verletzungen des Auges in gerichtsärztlicher Beziehung (The Injuries of the Eye in Forensic Medical Relationships), In: Maschka's Handbuch der gerichtlichen Medizin, Tübingen 1880
- Tycho Brahe und I. Kepler in Prag (Tycho BraheTycho BraheTycho Brahe , born Tyge Ottesen Brahe, was a Danish nobleman known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations...
and I. KeplerJohannes KeplerJohannes Kepler was a German mathematician, astronomer and astrologer. A key figure in the 17th century scientific revolution, he is best known for his eponymous laws of planetary motion, codified by later astronomers, based on his works Astronomia nova, Harmonices Mundi, and Epitome of Copernican...
in Prague), 1872