Joseph Moir
Encyclopedia
Joseph Moir was a prominent builder, ironmonger, citizen and shot manufacturer in 19th century Tasmania
. He is best known for building the Taroona
Shot Tower
, but also built St Mark’s Anglican Church, Pontville, issued tokens
in his own name during a currency shortage in the colony, and served as an alderman
on Hobart City Council.
of Kelso in 1809, where he learned his trade as a builder. In 1829, he emigrated with his elder brother John (c. 1807–1876) to the colony of Van Diemen's Land
(as Tasmania was then known), sailing on the North Briton from Leith
to Hobart
via The Cape of Good Hope. His sister Mary (c. 1804–1866) followed her brothers to Hobart in 1832. In 1843, Moir returned to Kelso, where he married Elizabeth Paxton (c. 1822–1875), returning with her to Hobart in early 1844. He had at least five children with Elizabeth: Jane Josephine (b. 1846), Mary Sophia Stanley (b. 1848, died aged 7), John Augustus (b. 1851), Joseph Paxton (b. 1853) and James George Wood (b. 1855). In January 1872, John Augustus (aged 20) drowned with two others in an accident when their boat capsized on the River Huon.
on Hobart City Council.
In 1849 he visited Britain once more in pursuit of new business ventures, returning with textile manufacturing machines and ironmongery goods. With the latter, he soon established a successful ironmongers in Hobart at Economy House, Murray Street, advertising that he had "relinquished the business of Builder carried on by him for twenty years in Hobart" and had "arrived from England, per Eliza, with a large assortment of general Ironmongery suitable for this market, all having been selected by himself... from the principal manufacturers... of a quality hitherto unknown in the Colonies" and concluding that he could "recommend them with confidence, and at such prices as he hopes will secure the patronage of the public." Economy House was run by Moir until his death, when his son Joseph took over, finally selling the business in 1884.
. Moir's ironmongers issued a one penny token (dated 1850, when the business was established), probably around 1860. The reverse
identifies Economy House as his workplace, with Murray Street spelt as Murry Street.
, along the Browns River Road seven miles south of Hobart, built on 39 acres of land which he had purchased in 1855.
In 1870, Moir, together with two masons, constructed a shot tower
at Queenborough Glens, using dressed curved sandstone blocks quarried at an abandoned Convict Probation Station nearby. The tower, 48 m (157 ft) tall and 10 m (32 ft) in diameter, was completed in July. The walls were 1 m (3 ft) thick at the bottom and under half a centimetre (1/6 in) thick at the top. The tower had an internal timber spiral staircase, and an external gallery at the top. In March 1871, Moir opened the tower to visitors.
Lead shot
was produced by dropping molten lead through a colander at the top of the tower: as it fell and cooled, the lead formed into spherical droplets, which solidified when they hit a trough of water at the bottom of the tower. The production of shot suitable for contemporary muzzle loading sports guns was completed in several stages. First, after drying the shot, it was rolled down inclined glass planes to remove defective (irregularly shaped) pellets. It was then polished in a revolving cask using plumbago (graphite), which also blackened it. Finally, the shot was passed through a tower of 10 sieves which sorted it by diameter. The graded shot was packaged in hand sewn linen bags; at the height of production, 100 tons of shot were produced each year.
The shot manufacturing business was profitable while protected by a tariff of £7 per ton, but this was abolished with the Federation of Australia
, after which the Tasmanian business could not compete with other Australian shot manufacturers, because of the higher cost of raw materials, and the transportation expenses between Hobart and Taroona. The business was continued by Moir's sons after his death, first by James, who won awards at the 1879 Sydney International Exhibition and the 1880–81 Melbourne Exhibition, but had to give up the business to his creditors in 1887. Joseph operated the business for a few more years, then sold it to his brother-in-law, William Baynton, who continued manufacturing until 1905, when production ceased.
The tower remains the tallest (and only circular) stone shot tower in the southern hemisphere.
newspaper suggested that Moir "never fully recovered from the shock caused by the drowning of his son" John in 1872. His widow Elizabeth died 16 months later in 1875, while his son Joseph Paxton lived until 1833 and his research on "Stone implements of the Tasmanian natives" was published by the Royal Anthropological Institute in 1900.
Summing up his career, Joseph Moir's obituary described him as "one of our most enterprising colonists ...[and] one of the most valuable and useful aldermen the city has had", adding that Moir's enterprising spirit was "illustrated in a most remarkable manner" in the shot tower he built.
Tasmania
Tasmania is an Australian island and state. It is south of the continent, separated by Bass Strait. The state includes the island of Tasmania—the 26th largest island in the world—and the surrounding islands. The state has a population of 507,626 , of whom almost half reside in the greater Hobart...
. He is best known for building the Taroona
Taroona, Tasmania
Taroona is a major residential suburb approximately 15 minutes drive from the centre of Hobart, Tasmania on the scenic route between Hobart and Kingston...
Shot Tower
Shot tower
thumb|The Shot Tower, Bristol, EnglandA shot tower is a tower designed for the production of shot balls by freefall of molten lead, which is then caught in a water basin. The shot is used for projectiles in firearms.-Process:...
, but also built St Mark’s Anglican Church, Pontville, issued tokens
Token coin
In the study of numismatics, tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins. The field of tokens is part of exonumia. Tokens are used in place of coins and either have a denomination shown or implied by size, color or shape...
in his own name during a currency shortage in the colony, and served as an alderman
Alderman
An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote, or a council...
on Hobart City Council.
Life and family
Joseph Moir was born in the Scottish Border townScottish Borders
The Scottish Borders is one of 32 local government council areas of Scotland. It is bordered by Dumfries and Galloway in the west, South Lanarkshire and West Lothian in the north west, City of Edinburgh, East Lothian, Midlothian to the north; and the non-metropolitan counties of Northumberland...
of Kelso in 1809, where he learned his trade as a builder. In 1829, he emigrated with his elder brother John (c. 1807–1876) to the colony of Van Diemen's Land
Van Diemen's Land
Van Diemen's Land was the original name used by most Europeans for the island of Tasmania, now part of Australia. The Dutch explorer Abel Tasman was the first European to land on the shores of Tasmania...
(as Tasmania was then known), sailing on the North Briton from Leith
Leith
-South Leith v. North Leith:Up until the late 16th century Leith , comprised two separate towns on either side of the river....
to Hobart
Hobart
Hobart is the state capital and most populous city of the Australian island state of Tasmania. Founded in 1804 as a penal colony,Hobart is Australia's second oldest capital city after Sydney. In 2009, the city had a greater area population of approximately 212,019. A resident of Hobart is known as...
via The Cape of Good Hope. His sister Mary (c. 1804–1866) followed her brothers to Hobart in 1832. In 1843, Moir returned to Kelso, where he married Elizabeth Paxton (c. 1822–1875), returning with her to Hobart in early 1844. He had at least five children with Elizabeth: Jane Josephine (b. 1846), Mary Sophia Stanley (b. 1848, died aged 7), John Augustus (b. 1851), Joseph Paxton (b. 1853) and James George Wood (b. 1855). In January 1872, John Augustus (aged 20) drowned with two others in an accident when their boat capsized on the River Huon.
Builder and Ironmonger
Moir began his colonial life as a builder, constructing houses and churches around Hobert, and acquiring land and property (including three blocks of land in his first four years in Hobart). He established a reputation for notable buildings such as St Mark’s Anglican Church, Pontville, and was appointed to civic positions: Clerk of Public Works for the colony in 1834, then Commissioner under Hobart's 1846 Paving and Lighting Bill. He later became an aldermanAlderman
An alderman is a member of a municipal assembly or council in many jurisdictions founded upon English law. The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a borough or county council, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by popular vote, or a council...
on Hobart City Council.
In 1849 he visited Britain once more in pursuit of new business ventures, returning with textile manufacturing machines and ironmongery goods. With the latter, he soon established a successful ironmongers in Hobart at Economy House, Murray Street, advertising that he had "relinquished the business of Builder carried on by him for twenty years in Hobart" and had "arrived from England, per Eliza, with a large assortment of general Ironmongery suitable for this market, all having been selected by himself... from the principal manufacturers... of a quality hitherto unknown in the Colonies" and concluding that he could "recommend them with confidence, and at such prices as he hopes will secure the patronage of the public." Economy House was run by Moir until his death, when his son Joseph took over, finally selling the business in 1884.
Penny token
In the early 1850s, the currency shortage in the Australian colonies was so severe that dozens of tradesmen issued their own tokensToken coin
In the study of numismatics, tokens are coin-like objects used instead of coins. The field of tokens is part of exonumia. Tokens are used in place of coins and either have a denomination shown or implied by size, color or shape...
. Moir's ironmongers issued a one penny token (dated 1850, when the business was established), probably around 1860. The reverse
Obverse and reverse
Obverse and its opposite, reverse, refer to the two flat faces of coins and some other two-sided objects, including paper money, flags , seals, medals, drawings, old master prints and other works of art, and printed fabrics. In this usage, obverse means the front face of the object and reverse...
identifies Economy House as his workplace, with Murray Street spelt as Murry Street.
Shot Tower
Moir moved with his family to "Queenborough Glens" in 1862, a house at TaroonaTaroona, Tasmania
Taroona is a major residential suburb approximately 15 minutes drive from the centre of Hobart, Tasmania on the scenic route between Hobart and Kingston...
, along the Browns River Road seven miles south of Hobart, built on 39 acres of land which he had purchased in 1855.
In 1870, Moir, together with two masons, constructed a shot tower
Shot tower
thumb|The Shot Tower, Bristol, EnglandA shot tower is a tower designed for the production of shot balls by freefall of molten lead, which is then caught in a water basin. The shot is used for projectiles in firearms.-Process:...
at Queenborough Glens, using dressed curved sandstone blocks quarried at an abandoned Convict Probation Station nearby. The tower, 48 m (157 ft) tall and 10 m (32 ft) in diameter, was completed in July. The walls were 1 m (3 ft) thick at the bottom and under half a centimetre (1/6 in) thick at the top. The tower had an internal timber spiral staircase, and an external gallery at the top. In March 1871, Moir opened the tower to visitors.
Lead shot
Lead shot
Lead shot is a collective term for small balls of lead. These were the original projectiles for muskets and early rifles, but today lead shot is fired primarily from shotguns. It is also used for a variety of other purposes...
was produced by dropping molten lead through a colander at the top of the tower: as it fell and cooled, the lead formed into spherical droplets, which solidified when they hit a trough of water at the bottom of the tower. The production of shot suitable for contemporary muzzle loading sports guns was completed in several stages. First, after drying the shot, it was rolled down inclined glass planes to remove defective (irregularly shaped) pellets. It was then polished in a revolving cask using plumbago (graphite), which also blackened it. Finally, the shot was passed through a tower of 10 sieves which sorted it by diameter. The graded shot was packaged in hand sewn linen bags; at the height of production, 100 tons of shot were produced each year.
The shot manufacturing business was profitable while protected by a tariff of £7 per ton, but this was abolished with the Federation of Australia
Federation of Australia
The Federation of Australia was the process by which the six separate British self-governing colonies of New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia formed one nation...
, after which the Tasmanian business could not compete with other Australian shot manufacturers, because of the higher cost of raw materials, and the transportation expenses between Hobart and Taroona. The business was continued by Moir's sons after his death, first by James, who won awards at the 1879 Sydney International Exhibition and the 1880–81 Melbourne Exhibition, but had to give up the business to his creditors in 1887. Joseph operated the business for a few more years, then sold it to his brother-in-law, William Baynton, who continued manufacturing until 1905, when production ceased.
The tower remains the tallest (and only circular) stone shot tower in the southern hemisphere.
Death and legacy
Moir died at Queenborough Glens on 11 March 1874, after a long illness. Hobart's MercuryThe Mercury (Hobart)
The Mercury is a daily newspaper, published in Hobart, Tasmania, Australia, by Davies Brothers Pty Ltd, part of News Limited and News Corporation...
newspaper suggested that Moir "never fully recovered from the shock caused by the drowning of his son" John in 1872. His widow Elizabeth died 16 months later in 1875, while his son Joseph Paxton lived until 1833 and his research on "Stone implements of the Tasmanian natives" was published by the Royal Anthropological Institute in 1900.
Summing up his career, Joseph Moir's obituary described him as "one of our most enterprising colonists ...[and] one of the most valuable and useful aldermen the city has had", adding that Moir's enterprising spirit was "illustrated in a most remarkable manner" in the shot tower he built.