Juan Bautista de Acevedo
Encyclopedia
Juan Bautista de Acevedo y Muñoz (1555–1608) was Bishop of Valladolid
from 1601 to 1606 and Grand Inquisitor
of Spain
from 1603 to 1608.
in 1555, the son of Juan González de Acevedo and of Sancha González Muñoz. Born into a distinguished but not rich family, he was the eldest of eleven children, only three of which reached adulthood. His brother Francisco became merino
of Trasmiera; and his brother Fernando was Bishop of Osma 1610-13 and Archbishop of Burgos 1613-29.
Juan was educated at the Jesuit grammar school in León, Spain
and then at the University of Salamanca
, where he studied canon law
and law
. A bright student, he drew the attention of Andrés Santos de Sampedro, Archbishop of Zaragoza, who chose him as his nephews' tutor, first in León, then in Zaragoza
. He later received a doctorate
from the University of Lleida
.
Upon the death of Archbishop Santos in 1586, he moved to Madrid
, where Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela
planned to make him an inquisitor
, though he never actually appointed him to the post. Instead, the Marquis of Denia (who was later the favourite
of Philip III of Spain
) chose him as tutor for his son Cristóbal
. As a member of the Marquis' household, he became prominent at court, where he was associated with Mateo Vázquez de Leca and García Loaysa y Girón. Philip II of Spain
appointed him to the Chapel Royal and offered to make him Bishop of Naples, but Acevedo refused the appointment. He was named administrator of the Convent of Santa Isabel
in 1592. He was made a canon
of the León Cathedral
in 1598, and of the Cathedral of Toledo
a short time later. In 1600, the new king, Philip III, offered to make Acevedo Bishop of Tortosa
, but he again refused the appointment.
Acevedo was appointed Bishop of Valladolid
on April 30, 1601, and he was consecrated as a bishop
by Fernando Niño de Guevara
, Archbishop of Seville, on June 17, 1601.
Following the death of Grand Inquisitor
Juan de Zúñiga Flores
, Acevedo was appointed Grand Inquisitor of Spain.
He was appointed Patriarch of the West Indies
on January 16, 1606.
Avecedo resigned as Bishop of Valladolid on April 28, 1606, returning to the court at Madrid.
He died in Valladolid on June 8, 1603, as a result of complications related to a renal colic
. He was initially buried in the Church of San Martín in Valladolid. He was reburied in the family chapel at the Palacio de los Acebedo de Hoznayo in 1618.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valladolid
The Archdiocese of Valladolid is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Spain. It was erected as the Diocese of Valladolid by Pope Clement VIII on September 25, 1595, and was elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Pius IX on July 4, 1857, with the...
from 1601 to 1606 and Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor is the lead official of an Inquisition. The most famous Inquisitor General is the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.-List of Spanish Grand Inquisitors:-Castile:-Aragon:...
of Spain
Habsburg Spain
Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries , when Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty...
from 1603 to 1608.
Biography
Juan Bautista de Acevedo y Muñoz was born in Hoz de Anero, TrasmieraTrasmiera
Trasmiera is a historic comarca of Cantabria , located to the east of the Miera River , reaching the western side of the Asón...
in 1555, the son of Juan González de Acevedo and of Sancha González Muñoz. Born into a distinguished but not rich family, he was the eldest of eleven children, only three of which reached adulthood. His brother Francisco became merino
Merindad
Merindad is a Mediaeval Spanish administrative term that refers to a country subdivision smaller than a province but larger than a municipality. It was roughly approximate to the English count or bailiff...
of Trasmiera; and his brother Fernando was Bishop of Osma 1610-13 and Archbishop of Burgos 1613-29.
Juan was educated at the Jesuit grammar school in León, Spain
León, Spain
León is the capital of the province of León in the autonomous community of Castile and León, situated in the northwest of Spain. Its city population of 136,985 makes it the largest municipality in the province, accounting for more than one quarter of the province's population...
and then at the University of Salamanca
University of Salamanca
The University of Salamanca is a Spanish higher education institution, located in the town of Salamanca, west of Madrid. It was founded in 1134 and given the Royal charter of foundation by King Alfonso IX in 1218. It is the oldest founded university in Spain and the third oldest European...
, where he studied canon law
Canon law
Canon law is the body of laws & regulations made or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church , the Eastern and Oriental Orthodox churches, and the Anglican Communion of...
and law
Law
Law is a system of rules and guidelines which are enforced through social institutions to govern behavior, wherever possible. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus...
. A bright student, he drew the attention of Andrés Santos de Sampedro, Archbishop of Zaragoza, who chose him as his nephews' tutor, first in León, then in Zaragoza
Zaragoza
Zaragoza , also called Saragossa in English, is the capital city of the Zaragoza Province and of the autonomous community of Aragon, Spain...
. He later received a doctorate
Doctorate
A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder to teach in a specific field, A doctorate is an academic degree or professional degree that in most countries refers to a class of degrees which qualify the holder...
from the University of Lleida
University of Lleida
The University of Lleida is a university based in Lleida , Spain. It was the first university in Catalonia and the whole Crown of Aragon...
.
Upon the death of Archbishop Santos in 1586, he moved to Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
, where Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela
Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela
Gaspar de Quiroga y Vela was a prominent Catholic official who rose to become General Inquisitor of Spain, from 1573 to 1595, and Archbishop of Toledo from 1577 to 1595. He was named a Cardinal by Pope Gregory X in 1578...
planned to make him an inquisitor
Inquisitor
An inquisitor was an official in an Inquisition, an organisation or program intended to eliminate heresy and other things frowned on by the Roman Catholic Church...
, though he never actually appointed him to the post. Instead, the Marquis of Denia (who was later the favourite
Favourite
A favourite , or favorite , was the intimate companion of a ruler or other important person. In medieval and Early Modern Europe, among other times and places, the term is used of individuals delegated significant political power by a ruler...
of Philip III of Spain
Philip III of Spain
Philip III , also known as Philip the Pious, was the King of Spain and King of Portugal and the Algarves, where he ruled as Philip II , from 1598 until his death...
) chose him as tutor for his son Cristóbal
Cristóbal de Sandoval, Duke of Uceda
Cristóbal Gómez de Sandoval-Rojas y de la Cerda, known as the duque de Uceda , but also titled second marquis of Cea, fifth marquis of Denia, and knight of the order of Santiago was the official minister of state, also known as the valido or valued one, for King Philip III of Spain...
. As a member of the Marquis' household, he became prominent at court, where he was associated with Mateo Vázquez de Leca and García Loaysa y Girón. Philip II of Spain
Philip II of Spain
Philip II was King of Spain, Portugal, Naples, Sicily, and, while married to Mary I, King of England and Ireland. He was lord of the Seventeen Provinces from 1556 until 1581, holding various titles for the individual territories such as duke or count....
appointed him to the Chapel Royal and offered to make him Bishop of Naples, but Acevedo refused the appointment. He was named administrator of the Convent of Santa Isabel
Convent of Santa Isabel
The Convent of Santa Isabel is a royal monastery in central Madrid, Spain. Belonging to the Augustine order of nuns founded by the wife of Philip III of Spain, Margaret of Austria, it is located near the Atocha Train Station. A school for girls there had been founded by Philip II...
in 1592. He was made a canon
Canon (priest)
A canon is a priest or minister who is a member of certain bodies of the Christian clergy subject to an ecclesiastical rule ....
of the León Cathedral
León Cathedral
Santa María de León Cathedral, also called The House of Light or the Pulchra Leonina is situated in the city of León in north-western Spain. It was built on the site of previous Roman baths of the 2nd century which, 800 years later, king Ordoño II converted into a palace.The León Cathedral,...
in 1598, and of the Cathedral of Toledo
Cathedral of Toledo
The Primate Cathedral of Saint Mary of Toledo is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Toledo, Spain, seat of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Toledo....
a short time later. In 1600, the new king, Philip III, offered to make Acevedo Bishop of Tortosa
Bishop of Tortosa
The Bishop of Tortosa is the ordinary of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Tortosa in Spain. The bishop is a suffragan of the Archbishop of Tarragona.-List of bishops of Tortosa:*San Rufo 64 - 90?*Macià s. II*Quart c. 156*Eustorqui s.III*Exuperanci ¿ - 369...
, but he again refused the appointment.
Acevedo was appointed Bishop of Valladolid
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Valladolid
The Archdiocese of Valladolid is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Spain. It was erected as the Diocese of Valladolid by Pope Clement VIII on September 25, 1595, and was elevated to the rank of a metropolitan archdiocese by Pope Pius IX on July 4, 1857, with the...
on April 30, 1601, and he was consecrated as a bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
by Fernando Niño de Guevara
Fernando Niño de Guevara
Fernando Niño de Guevara was a Spanish cardinal who was also Archbishop of Seville and Grand Inquisitor of Spain.-Biography:Fernando Niño de Guevara was born in Toledo, Spain in 1541, the son of Rodrigo Niño, Marquis of Tejares. An uncle, also named Fernando Niño de Guevara , was Archbishop of...
, Archbishop of Seville, on June 17, 1601.
Following the death of Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor is the lead official of an Inquisition. The most famous Inquisitor General is the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.-List of Spanish Grand Inquisitors:-Castile:-Aragon:...
Juan de Zúñiga Flores
Juan de Zúñiga Flores
Juan de Zúñiga Flores was Bishop of Cartagena from January 24, 1600 until his death, and Grand Inquisitor of Spain from July 29, 1602 until his death.-References:*...
, Acevedo was appointed Grand Inquisitor of Spain.
He was appointed Patriarch of the West Indies
Patriarch of the West Indies
The Titular Patriarchate of the West Indies is a Latin Rite Titular Patriarchate of the Roman Catholic Church. It is vacant since the death of its last holder in 1963.-Attempt to create a jurisdictional Patriarchate in the Spanish Indies:...
on January 16, 1606.
Avecedo resigned as Bishop of Valladolid on April 28, 1606, returning to the court at Madrid.
He died in Valladolid on June 8, 1603, as a result of complications related to a renal colic
Renal colic
Renal colic is a type of abdominal pain commonly caused by kidney stones.-Presentation:The pain typically begins in the abdomen and often radiates to the hypochondrium or the groin. The pain is often colicky due to ureteric peristalsis, but may be constant...
. He was initially buried in the Church of San Martín in Valladolid. He was reburied in the family chapel at the Palacio de los Acebedo de Hoznayo in 1618.