Judge Dee
Encyclopedia
Judge Dee is a semi-fictional character based on the historical figure Di Renjie
, magistrate and statesman of the Tang
court. The character first appeared in the 18th century Chinese detective novel Di Gong An. After Robert van Gulik
came across it in a second-hand
book store in Tokyo
, he translated the novel into English and then used the style and characters to write his original Judge Dee stories.
The series is set in Tang Dynasty China
and deals with various criminal cases solved by the upright Judge Dee (judge
s often play the investigator
role in ancient Chinese crime stories).
(c. 630–c. 700), magistrate and statesman of the Tang
court. During the Ming Dynasty
(1368–1644) in China, a "folk novel" was written set in former times, but filled with anachronisms. Van Gulik found in the 18th century Di Gong An (Chinese
:狄公案 Pinyin
: dí gōng àn , lit. "Cases of Judge Dee") an original tale dealing with three cases simultaneously, and, which was unusual among Chinese mystery tales, a plot that for the most part lacked an overbearing supernatural element which could alienate Western readers. He translated it into English and had it published under the title Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee
.
Initially Dee is assisted only by his faithful clerk, Sergeant Hoong, an old family retainer. However, in The Chinese Gold Murders
, which describes Dee's initial appointment and first criminal cases, the judge encounters two highwaymen, euphemistically called "men of the greenwood," Ma Joong and Chiao Tai, who attempt to rob him but are so impressed with his character that they give up their criminal careers and join his retinue on the spot. A little later, in The Chinese Lake Murders
, a third criminal, Tao Gan, an itinerant confidence trickster and swindler, similarly joins. Judge Dee ends his career being promoted to the position of senior Metropolitan Judge in the capital, and his assistants obtain official ranks in the Army and civil service.
Van Gulik also wrote series of newspaper comics about Judge Dee in 1964-1967, adding up to a total of 19 adventures. The first 4 were regular balloon strips, but the later 15 had the more typically Dutch textblock under the pictures.
Judge Dee, naturally, is responsible for deciding the sentence as well as assessing guilt or innocence, although van Gulik notes in the stories that all capital punishments must be referred to and decided by officials in the capital. One of the sentences he frequently has to deal with is slow slicing; if he is inclined to mercy, he orders the final, fatal, cut to be made first, thus rendering the ceremony anticlimactic.
(published in 1967) contains a "Judge Dee Chronology" detailing Dee's various posts in specific years and stories set in these times. Van Gulik's last two books, Poets and Murder and Necklace and Calabash, were not listed in the chronology, as they were written after Judge Dee at Work, but they are both set in the time when Judge Dee was the magistrate in Poo-yang.
By the author Zhu Xiao Di
By the author Sven Roussel
By authors Eleanor Cooney & Daniel Alteri
By Lin Qianyu (林千羽)
twice.
In 2010, Tsui Hark released his take on Di Renjie in the form of Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame.
Di Renjie
Dí Rénjié , courtesy name Huaiying , formally Duke Wenhui of Liang , was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, twice serving as chancellor during her reign...
, magistrate and statesman of the Tang
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
court. The character first appeared in the 18th century Chinese detective novel Di Gong An. After Robert van Gulik
Robert van Gulik
Robert Hans van Gulik was a highly educated orientalist, diplomat, musician , and writer, best known for the Judge Dee mysteries, the protagonist of which he borrowed from the 18th-century Chinese detective novel Dee Goong An.-Life:Robert van Gulik was the son of a medical officer in the Dutch...
came across it in a second-hand
Second-Hand
Second-Hand was a 2005 Romanian film directed by Dan Piţa.-Plot summary:The film's plot surrounds the romantic involvement of two contrasting characters: Petre , a Mafioso, and Andreea , a young violin player. The pair meet and fall in love...
book store in Tokyo
Tokyo
, ; officially , is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan. Tokyo is the capital of Japan, the center of the Greater Tokyo Area, and the largest metropolitan area of Japan. It is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, and the home of the Japanese Imperial Family...
, he translated the novel into English and then used the style and characters to write his original Judge Dee stories.
The series is set in Tang Dynasty China
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
and deals with various criminal cases solved by the upright Judge Dee (judge
Judge
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open...
s often play the investigator
Detective
A detective is an investigator, either a member of a police agency or a private person. The latter may be known as private investigators or "private eyes"...
role in ancient Chinese crime stories).
Dee Goong An
The Judge Dee character is based on the historical figure Di RenjieDi Renjie
Dí Rénjié , courtesy name Huaiying , formally Duke Wenhui of Liang , was an official of the Chinese Tang Dynasty and Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, twice serving as chancellor during her reign...
(c. 630–c. 700), magistrate and statesman of the Tang
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
court. During the Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
(1368–1644) in China, a "folk novel" was written set in former times, but filled with anachronisms. Van Gulik found in the 18th century Di Gong An (Chinese
Chinese language
The Chinese language is a language or language family consisting of varieties which are mutually intelligible to varying degrees. Originally the indigenous languages spoken by the Han Chinese in China, it forms one of the branches of Sino-Tibetan family of languages...
:狄公案 Pinyin
Pinyin
Pinyin is the official system to transcribe Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet in China, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan. It is also often used to teach Mandarin Chinese and spell Chinese names in foreign publications and used as an input method to enter Chinese characters into...
: dí gōng àn , lit. "Cases of Judge Dee") an original tale dealing with three cases simultaneously, and, which was unusual among Chinese mystery tales, a plot that for the most part lacked an overbearing supernatural element which could alienate Western readers. He translated it into English and had it published under the title Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee
Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee
Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee is an 18th century Chinese detective novel by an anonymous author...
.
Van Gulik's stories
This gave van Gulik the idea of writing his own novels, set with the similar Ming anachronisms, but using the historical character. Van Gulik was careful in writing the main novels to deal with cases where Dee was newly appointed to a city, thereby isolating him from the existing lifestyle and enabling him to maintain an objective role in the books. Van Gulik's novels and stories made no direct reference to the original Chinese work and so Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee is not considered to be part of the Judge Dee series.Initially Dee is assisted only by his faithful clerk, Sergeant Hoong, an old family retainer. However, in The Chinese Gold Murders
The Chinese Gold Murders
The Chinese Gold Murders is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book includes a map of the fictional town of...
, which describes Dee's initial appointment and first criminal cases, the judge encounters two highwaymen, euphemistically called "men of the greenwood," Ma Joong and Chiao Tai, who attempt to rob him but are so impressed with his character that they give up their criminal careers and join his retinue on the spot. A little later, in The Chinese Lake Murders
The Chinese Lake Murders
The Chinese Lake Murders is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.This book was originally written by Robert van Gulik...
, a third criminal, Tao Gan, an itinerant confidence trickster and swindler, similarly joins. Judge Dee ends his career being promoted to the position of senior Metropolitan Judge in the capital, and his assistants obtain official ranks in the Army and civil service.
Van Gulik also wrote series of newspaper comics about Judge Dee in 1964-1967, adding up to a total of 19 adventures. The first 4 were regular balloon strips, but the later 15 had the more typically Dutch textblock under the pictures.
Judge Dee, naturally, is responsible for deciding the sentence as well as assessing guilt or innocence, although van Gulik notes in the stories that all capital punishments must be referred to and decided by officials in the capital. One of the sentences he frequently has to deal with is slow slicing; if he is inclined to mercy, he orders the final, fatal, cut to be made first, thus rendering the ceremony anticlimactic.
Other authors
Several other authors have created stories based on Van Gulik's Judge Dee character.- French author Frédéric Lenormand wrote nineteen new Judge Dee mysteries from year 2004 at Editions Fayard, Paris (not yet translated into English). Some of them have been translated into Spanish (Ediciones Paidos Iberica), Portuguese (Europress), Bulgarian (Paradox), Czech (Garamond) and Polish.
- Sven Roussel, another French author, has written La dernière enquète du Juge Ti. ISBN 978-2-9532206-0-5
- The Chinese/American author Zhu Xiao DiZhu Xiao DiZhu Xiao Di is a Chinese-American writer. He authored a novel, Tales of Judge Dee, and a biographical work, Thirty Years in a Red House: A Memoir of Childhood and Youth in Communist China, and contributed to Father: Famous Writers Celebrate the Bond Between Father and Child, an anthology including...
wrote a book about Judge Dee called Tales of Judge Dee (2006). Zhu Xiao Di has no relation to Robert van Gulik but tried to stay faithful to the fictionalized history of van Gulik's Judge Dee. Tales of Judge Dee is set when the Judge was the magistrate of Poo-yang (the same time period as The Chinese Bell MurdersThe Chinese Bell MurdersThe Chinese Bell Murders is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.This book was originally written by Robert van Gulik...
and several other novels).
- Judge Dee appears, along with a fictionalized Wu ZetianWu ZetianWu Zetian , personal name Wu Zhao , often referred to as Tian Hou during the Tang Dynasty and Empress Consort Wu in later times, was the only woman in the history of China to assume the title of Empress Regnant...
, in Eleanor Cooney & Daniel Alteri's mystery novel Deception: A Novel of Mystery and Madness in Ancient China.
By van Gulik
Following novels and short stories were published in English by van Gulik. The short story collection Judge Dee at WorkJudge Dee at Work
Judge Dee at Work is a collection of detective short stories written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China...
(published in 1967) contains a "Judge Dee Chronology" detailing Dee's various posts in specific years and stories set in these times. Van Gulik's last two books, Poets and Murder and Necklace and Calabash, were not listed in the chronology, as they were written after Judge Dee at Work, but they are both set in the time when Judge Dee was the magistrate in Poo-yang.
| Year | | Title | | Setting | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1949 | Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee Celebrated Cases of Judge Dee is an 18th century Chinese detective novel by an anonymous author... |
An "early phase of Judge Dee's career." | Translated from Chinese (originally, Dee Goong An); not part of the later continuity Continuity (fiction) In fiction, continuity is consistency of the characteristics of persons, plot, objects, places and events seen by the reader or viewer over some period of time... . Three stories: "The Case of the Double Murder at Dawn," "The Case of the Strange Corpse", and "The Case of the Poisoned Bride". Dee is the newly appointed Magistrate of Chang-ping in the Province of Shantung. He has all four lieutenants on staff: Sgt. Hoong, Chiao Tai, Ma Joong, and Tao Gan. |
| 1957 | The Chinese Maze Murders The Chinese Maze Murders The Chinese Maze Murders is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China. It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.However, van Gulik's novel is set not in the Tang, but in the... |
670, Lan-fang | Written in 1950, published in Japanese in 1951; Lan-fang is a fictional district at the western frontier of Tang China. |
| 1958 | The Chinese Bell Murders The Chinese Bell Murders The Chinese Bell Murders is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.This book was originally written by Robert van Gulik... |
668, Poo-yang | Written between 1953 and 1956; Poo-yang is a fictional wealthy district on the shores of the Grand Canal of China Grand Canal of China The Grand Canal in China, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the longest canal or artificial river in the world. Starting at Beijing, it passes through Tianjin and the provinces of Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang to the city of Hangzhou... (part of modern-day Jiangsu Jiangsu ' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. The name comes from jiang, short for the city of Jiangning , and su, for the city of Suzhou. The abbreviation for this province is "苏" , the second character of its name... province). |
| 1959 | The Chinese Gold Murders The Chinese Gold Murders The Chinese Gold Murders is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book includes a map of the fictional town of... |
663, Penglai Penglai City Penglai City , is a port, a town and an administrative subdivision of the prefecture-level city Yantai in Shandong Province, northeastern China. The port was formerly called Dengzhou . Penglai Water City or Water Fortress , a fortified harbor hidden from the sea, is one of China's oldest military... |
|
| 1960 | The Chinese Lake Murders The Chinese Lake Murders The Chinese Lake Murders is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.This book was originally written by Robert van Gulik... |
666, Han-yuan | Han-yuan is a fictional district on a lakeshore near the capital of Chang-An. |
| 1961 | The Chinese Nail Murders The Chinese Nail Murders The Chinese Nail Murders is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.-Plot introduction:Judge Dee, and his four helpers, solve... |
676, Pei-chow | Pei-chow is a fictional district in the far north of Tang China. |
| 1961 | The Haunted Monastery The Haunted Monastery The Haunted Monastery is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book contains eight illustrations by the author as well as... |
667, Han-yuan | Judge Dee is traveling and forced to take shelter in a monastery. |
| 1963 | The Emperor's Pearl The Emperor's Pearl The Emperors Pearl is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.-Plot introduction:Judge Dee, magistrate of Poo-yang a flourishing... |
668, Poo-yang | |
| 1964 | The Lacquer Screen The Lacquer Screen The Lacquer Screen is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book features fourteen illustrations by the author.-Plot... |
664, Penglai | |
| 1964 | The Red Pavilion The Red Pavilion The Red Pavilion is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book features six illustrations by the author and a map of... |
668, Poo-yang | |
| 1965 | The Morning of the Monkey | 667, Han-yuan | A short story from The Monkey and the Tiger The Monkey and the Tiger The Monkey and the Tiger book pairs two unrelated short detective novels written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China... |
| 1965 | The Night of the Tiger | 676, Pei-chow | A short story from The Monkey and the Tiger |
| 1965 | The Willow Pattern | 677, Chang-An | Judge Dee is the Lord Chief Justice in the Imperial capital of Chang-An. |
| 1966 | Murder in Canton Murder in Canton Murder in Canton is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book contains twelve illustrations and a map of Canton by the... |
681, Guangzhou Guangzhou Guangzhou , known historically as Canton or Kwangchow, is the capital and largest city of the Guangdong province in the People's Republic of China. Located in southern China on the Pearl River, about north-northwest of Hong Kong, Guangzhou is a key national transportation hub and trading port... |
Judge Dee is the Lord Chief Justice for all of China. |
| 1966 | The Phantom of the Temple The Phantom of the Temple The Phantom of the Temple is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book features nine illustrations by the author and a... |
670, Lan-fang | |
| 1967 | Five Auspicious Clouds | 664, Penglai | A short story from Judge Dee at Work |
| 1967 | The Red Tape Murders | 663, Penglai | A short story from Judge Dee at Work |
| 1967 | He came with the Rain | 663, Penglai | A short story from Judge Dee at Work |
| 1967 | The Murder on the Lotus Pond | 666, Han-yuan | A short story from Judge Dee at Work |
| 1967 | The Two Beggers | 668, Poo-yang | A short story from Judge Dee at Work |
| 1967 | The Wrong Sword | 668, Poo-yang | A short story from Judge Dee at Work |
| 1967 | The Coffins of the Emperor | 672, Lan-fang | A short story from Judge Dee at Work |
| 1967 | Murder on New Year's Eve | 674, Lan-fang | A short story from Judge Dee at Work |
| 1967 | Necklace and Calabash Necklace and Calabash Necklace and Calabash is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book features eight illustrations by the author.Necklace... |
668, Poo-yang | |
| 1968 | Poets and Murder Poets and Murder Poets and Murder is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book features eight illustrations by the author along with a... |
669, Poo-yang |
By other authors
By the author Frédéric Lenormand (not yet translated into English)- Le Château du lac Tchou-an (2004) The Zhou-an lake castle
- La Nuit des juges (2004) The Night of the judges
- Petits meurtres entre moines (2004) Little murders among monks
- Le Palais des courtisanes (2004) The courtesans' palace
- Madame Ti mène l'enquête (2005) Mrs. Dee investigates
- Mort d'un cuisinier chinois (2005) Death of a Chinese cook
- L'Art délicat du deuil (2006) The Delicate art of mourning
- Mort d'un maître de go (2006) Death of a Go master
- Dix petits démons chinois (2007) Ten little Chinese devils
- Médecine chinoise à l'usage des assassins (2007) Chinese Medicine for murderers
- Guide de survie d'un juge en Chine (2008) Survival guide for the Chinese judge
- Panique sur la Grande Muraille (2008) Panic on the Great Wall
- Le Mystère du jardin chinois (2009) The Chinese Garden Mystery
- Diplomatie en kimono (2009) Diplomacy in a Kimono
- Thé vert et arsenic (2010) Arsenic and green tea
- Un Chinois ne ment jamais (2010) A Chinese never lies
- Divorce à la chinoise (2011) Chinese-style Divorce
- Meurtres sur le fleuve Jaune (2011) The Yellow River Murders
By the author Zhu Xiao Di
Zhu Xiao Di
Zhu Xiao Di is a Chinese-American writer. He authored a novel, Tales of Judge Dee, and a biographical work, Thirty Years in a Red House: A Memoir of Childhood and Youth in Communist China, and contributed to Father: Famous Writers Celebrate the Bond Between Father and Child, an anthology including...
- Tales of Judge Dee (2006), set in the time when Judge Dee is in Poo-yang (AD 669-670)
By the author Sven Roussel
- La Dernière Enquète du Juge Ti (2008) set at the end Judge Dee's term of service in Lan Fang (AD 675)
By authors Eleanor Cooney & Daniel Alteri
- Deception: A Novel of Mystery and Madness in Ancient China, ISBN 0380708728
By Lin Qianyu (林千羽)
- 狄仁杰 通天帝国 (2010), tie-inTie-inA tie-in is an authorized product based on a media property a company is releasing, such as a movie or video/DVD, computer game, video game, television program/television series, board game, web site, role-playing game or literary property...
novelNovelA novel is a book of long narrative in literary prose. The genre has historical roots both in the fields of the medieval and early modern romance and in the tradition of the novella. The latter supplied the present generic term in the late 18th century....
of Tsui HarkTsui HarkTsui Hark , born Tsui Man-kong, is a Hong Kong New Wave film director and producer. He is viewed as a major figure in the Golden Age of Hong Kong cinema .-Early life:...
2010 film: Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame, ISBN 9787538548594
Filmography
Judge Dee has been adapted for televisionTelevision
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
twice.
- In 1969 Howard Baker produced six Judge Dee stories for Granada TelevisionGranada TelevisionGranada Television is the ITV contractor for North West England. Based in Manchester since its inception, it is the only surviving original ITA franchisee from 1954 and is ITV's most successful....
. These episodes were in black and white and were not a ratings success. - In 1974 the novel The Haunted MonasteryThe Haunted MonasteryThe Haunted Monastery is a detective novel written by Robert van Gulik and set in Imperial China . It is a fiction based on the real character of Judge Dee , a magistrate and statesman of the Tang court, who lived roughly 630–700.The book contains eight illustrations by the author as well as...
was produced as a television show by Gerald Isenberg with the title Judge Dee and the Monastery Murders. It starred Khigh Dhiegh as Judge Dee and was filmed with an all Asian cast (including MakoMako (actor), born , was an Oscar- and Tony-nominated Japanese actor. Many of his acting roles credited him simply as Mako, omitting his surname. -Early life:...
, Soon-Tek OhSoon-Tek OhSoon-Tek Oh |M*A*S*H]], Charlie's Angels, Airwolf, Magnum, P. I., Hawaii Five-O, Kung-Fu, Zorro, and Touched By An Angel....
, Keye LukeKeye LukeKeye Luke was a Chinese-born American actor. He was the first Chinese-American contract player signed with RKO, Universal and, later, MGM and is generally acknowledged as the leading Asian-American actor of this era of American cinema.-Background:...
and James HongJames HongJames Hong is an American actor and former president of the Association of Asian/Pacific American Artists . A prolific acting veteran, Hong's career spans over 50 years and includes more than 350 roles in film, television, and video games.-Early life:Hong was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota. His...
). Writing was credited to Nicholas MeyerNicholas MeyerNicholas Meyer is an American screenwriter, producer, director and novelist, known best for his best-selling novel The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, and for directing the films Time After Time, two of the Star Trek feature film series, and the 1983 television movie The Day After.Meyer graduated from...
and Robert van Gulik. It was nominated for an Edgar AwardEdgar AwardThe Edgar Allan Poe Awards , named after Edgar Allan Poe, are presented every year by the Mystery Writers of America...
, for Best Television Feature or Miniseries in 1975. - Some of Robert van Gulik's Judge Dee stories have been adapted for Chinese TV.
In 2010, Tsui Hark released his take on Di Renjie in the form of Detective Dee and the Mystery of the Phantom Flame.
See Also
- Robert van Gulik
- Celebrated Cases of Judge DeeCelebrated Cases of Judge DeeCelebrated Cases of Judge Dee is an 18th century Chinese detective novel by an anonymous author...
- Detective fiction
External links
- The Judge Dee website by Sven Roussel
- Judge Dee: Character chronology and information about the author
- Judge-Dee.info, an and fansite containing detailed publishing history in various languages