Jules Germain Cloquet
Encyclopedia
Jules Germain Cloquet was a French physician and surgeon
who was born and practiced medicine in Paris
. His older brother, Hippolyte Cloquet
(1787-1840), was also a physician. In 1821 Jules Cloquet became one of the earliest members elected to the Académie Nationale de Médecine
in Paris.
Cloquet was known for his expertise as a surgeon
, especially his work with hernia
l disorders. He was also the first to describe and identify the remnant of the embryonic hyaloid artery
. This vestige was to become known as Cloquet's canal. Cloquet's name is also associated with three anatomical terms regarding the femoral canal
:
Cloquet was a skilled artist; in his best-known work, Anatomie de l'homme, most of the 1300 illustrations were drawn by him. He was the inventor of several surgical instruments, including an arterial forceps
. He also had a keen interest in alternative medical practices such as mesmerism and acupuncture
.
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
who was born and practiced medicine in Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
. His older brother, Hippolyte Cloquet
Hippolyte Cloquet
Hippolyte Cloquet was a French physician and anatomist who was a native of Paris. He was the brother of surgeon Jules Germain Cloquet , and father to Ernest Cloquet , who was a personal physician to Mohammad Shah Qajar of Persia.He studied medicine in Paris, where he earned his doctorate in 1815...
(1787-1840), was also a physician. In 1821 Jules Cloquet became one of the earliest members elected to the Académie Nationale de Médecine
Académie Nationale de Médecine
Académie Nationale de Médecine, or National Academy of Medicine was created in 1820 by king Louis XVIII at the urging of baron Antoine Portal. At its inception, the institution was known as the Académie Royale de Médecine...
in Paris.
Cloquet was known for his expertise as a surgeon
Surgeon
In medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
, especially his work with hernia
Hernia
A hernia is the protrusion of an organ or the fascia of an organ through the wall of the cavity that normally contains it. A hiatal hernia occurs when the stomach protrudes into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm....
l disorders. He was also the first to describe and identify the remnant of the embryonic hyaloid artery
Hyaloid artery
The hyaloid artery is a branch of the ophthalmic artery, which is itself a branch of the internal carotid artery. It is contained within the optic stalk of the eye and extends from the optic disc through the vitreous humor to the lens...
. This vestige was to become known as Cloquet's canal. Cloquet's name is also associated with three anatomical terms regarding the femoral canal
Femoral canal
The femoral sheath has three compartments. The lateral compartment contains the femoral artery, the intermediate compartment contains the femoral vein, and the medial and smallest compartment is called the femoral canal. The femoral canal contains efferent lymphatic vessels and a lymph node...
:
- Cloquet's hernia: a hernia of the femoral canal
- Cloquet's septum: a fibrous membrane bounding the annulus femoralisFemoral ringThe femoral ring is the base of the femoral canal. It is directed upward and is oval in form, its long diameter being directed transversely and measuring about 1.25 cm.-Boundaries:The femoral ring is bounded as follows:...
at the base of the femoral canal - Cloquet's gland: small lymphatic nodesLymphLymph is considered a part of the interstitial fluid, the fluid which lies in the interstices of all body tissues. Interstitial fluid becomes lymph when it enters a lymph capillary...
in the femoral canal
Cloquet was a skilled artist; in his best-known work, Anatomie de l'homme, most of the 1300 illustrations were drawn by him. He was the inventor of several surgical instruments, including an arterial forceps
Forceps
Forceps or forcipes are a handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects. Forceps are used when fingers are too large to grasp small objects or when many objects need to be held at one time while the hands are used to perform a task. The term 'forceps' is used almost exclusively...
. He also had a keen interest in alternative medical practices such as mesmerism and acupuncture
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is a type of alternative medicine that treats patients by insertion and manipulation of solid, generally thin needles in the body....
.
External Reference
- Doyne's Hall of Fame (biography & list of written works by Jules Cloquet)
- web2.bium.univ-paris5.fr Manuel d'anatomie descriptive du corps humain by Jules Cloquet
- link.library.utoronto.ca Illustrations from Manuel d'anatomie...