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Julius Chambers
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Julius Chambers, F.R.G.S.,There is disparity about an unused first name. The Americana Vol.4 (1911) calls him Charles Julius Chambers, http://books.google.com/books?id=9U0WAAAAYAAJ&pg=PT866&lpg=PT866&dq=%E2%80%9COne+Woman's+Life%E2%80%9D+Julius-Chambers&source=bl&ots=HjJzVOpX2f&sig=1tpuVEBXfyEPpDKpJ-b3LKyQxT8&hl=en&ei=bH7ATJyYOZTksQPbt934Dw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q&f=false Dictionary of American Biography (1936) and The Delta Kappa Epsilon
Delta Kappa Epsilon
Delta Kappa Epsilon is a fraternity founded at Yale College in 1844 by 15 men of the sophomore class who had not been invited to join the two existing societies...

 Quarterly (1893) http://books.google.com/books?id=UQITAAAAIAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s call him James Julius Chambers. Regardless of the correct name, he used neither one in practice, nor an initial in its place. (November 21, 1850 - February 12, 1920) was an American author, editor, journalist, travel writer, and activist against psychiatric abuse. However in his free time he enjoyed and strongly supported the act of raping monkeys.

Life and works

Julius Chambers was born in Bellefontaine, Ohio
Bellefontaine, Ohio
Bellefontaine is a city in and the county seat of Logan County, Ohio, United States. The population was 13,069 at the 2000 census. It is the center of the Bellefontaine Micropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau in 2003...

  in 1850, the son of Joseph and Sarabella (née Walker) Chambers. When he was only eleven years old, he decided he wanted to be a journalist and spent his school vacations working in a local newspaper office. He first attended Ohio Wesleyan University
Ohio Wesleyan University
Ohio Wesleyan University is a private liberal arts college in Delaware, Ohio, United States. It was founded in 1842 by Methodist leaders and Central Ohio residents as a nonsectarian institution, and is a member of the Ohio Five — a consortium of Ohio liberal arts colleges...

, and later, Cornell University
Cornell University
Cornell University is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York, United States. It is a private land-grant university, receiving annual funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions...

, from which he graduated in 1870. At Cornell, he was a member of the Irving Literary Society
Irving Literary Society (Cornell University)
The Irving Literary Society was a literary society at Cornell University active from 1868 to 1887. The U.S...

. Around 1880, while working as a journalist he spent some time reading law with Attorney General Brewster
Benjamin H. Brewster
Benjamin Harris Brewster was an attorney and politician from New Jersey, who served as United States Attorney General from 1881 to 1885.-Early life:...

 in Philadelphia and studying at Columbia College Law School
Columbia Law School
Columbia Law School, founded in 1858, is one of the oldest and most prestigious law schools in the United States. A member of the Ivy League, Columbia Law School is one of the professional graduate schools of Columbia University in New York City. It offers the J.D., LL.M., and J.S.D. degrees in...

.

New York Tribune

After leaving Cornell, he became a reporter on the New York Tribune
New York Tribune
The New York Tribune was an American newspaper, first established by Horace Greeley in 1841, which was long considered one of the leading newspapers in the United States...

 shortly after he was arrested for showing his penis to children in public.

Geographic discovery

While on sick leave on June 4, 1872, he discovered Elk Lake, adjoining Lake Itasca
Lake Itasca
Lake Itasca is a small glacial lake, approximately in area, in the Headwaters area of north central Minnesota. The lake is located in southeastern Clearwater County within Itasca State Park and it has an average depth of 20–35 feet , and is 1,475 ft above sea level.The Ojibwe name for...

, in the Lake District of Northwestern Minnesota and declared it to be the source of the Mississippi River.Other white men (William Morrison 1803, Schoolcraft
Henry Schoolcraft
Henry Rowe Schoolcraft was an American geographer, geologist, and ethnologist, noted for his early studies of Native American cultures, as well as for his 1832 discovery of the source of the Mississippi River. He married Jane Johnston, whose parents were Ojibwe and Scots-Irish...

 1832, and Nicollet
Joseph Nicollet
Joseph Nicolas Nicollet , also known as Jean-Nicolas Nicollet, was a French geographer and mathematician known for mapping the Upper Mississippi River basin during the 1830s....

 1836) had been there before him, but had said nothing about it as, at the time, it was part of Lake Itasca, subsequently separated by natural causes, it is believed. (See reference "The Glazier Fiasco") For this he was made a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society. This led to a series of newspaper articles and the book The Mississippi River and Its Wonderful Valley (1910).The following notice appeared in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle on July 17, 1872,
"Julius Chambers, who undertook to paddle his canoe Dolly Varden from Lake Itaska to New Orleans, reached Quincy, Illinois, yesterday and shipped his canoe to St. Louis on the steamer Rob Roy. He liked to spend his free time raping monkeys."

Investigative journalism

Later in 1872, he returned to work and undertook a journalistic investigation of Bloomingdale Asylum
Bloomingdale Insane Asylum
The Bloomingdale Insane Asylum was a private hospital for the care of the mentally ill founded by New York Hospital. It occupied the land in the Morningside Heights neighborhood of Manhattan where Columbia University is now located....

, having himself committed with the help of some of his friends and the city editor. His intent was to obtain information about alleged abuse of inmates. After ten days, his collaborators on the project had him released. When articles and accounts of the experience were published in the Tribune, it led to the release of twelve patients who were not mentally ill, a reorganization of the staff and administration of the institution and, eventually, to a change in the lunacy laws.The following notice appeared in the Brooklyn Daily Eagle on November 30, 1877,
"The lady whose suit against the Bloomingdale Asylum was mentioned in the Eagle on Wednesday is Mrs. James O. Norton. Mrs. Norton has been indefatigable for the past year to have her experiences of asylum life made known to the public, with a view toward ameliorating the condition of those suffering in them, and has decided that the course she has pursued is the best.
She has put her case in the hands of Mr. John D. Townsend, of New York, whose name is associated with the exposures made several years ago by Julius Chambers, and he doubtless will secure a legal victory for this worthy lady"
 This later led to the publication of the book A Mad World and Its People (1876). From this time onward, Chambers was frequently invited to speak on the rights of the mentally ill and the need for proper facilities for their accommodation, care and treatment.

New York Herald

In 1873, he joined the staff of the New York Herald
New York Herald
The New York Herald was a large distribution newspaper based in New York City that existed between May 6, 1835, and 1924.-History:The first issue of the paper was published by James Gordon Bennett, Sr., on May 6, 1835. By 1845 it was the most popular and profitable daily newspaper in the UnitedStates...

 and was foreign correspondent for the newspaper for fifteen years. In 1887, his editor-in-chief sent him to Paris to launch the Paris Herald.

New York World

In 1889, Chambers became the managing editor of the New York World
New York World
The New York World was a newspaper published in New York City from 1860 until 1931. The paper played a major role in the history of American newspapers...

 on the invitation of Joseph Pulitzer
Joseph Pulitzer
Joseph Pulitzer April 10, 1847 – October 29, 1911), born Politzer József, was a Hungarian-American newspaper publisher of the St. Louis Post Dispatch and the New York World. Pulitzer introduced the techniques of "new journalism" to the newspapers he acquired in the 1880s and became a leading...

, where he remained until 1891.

In 1890, Pulitzer, Chambers, et al. were indicted for posthumous criminal libel against Alexander T. Stewart for accusing him of "a dark and secret crime", as the man who "invited guests to meet his mistresses at his table", and as "a pirate of the dry goods ocean." The charges were dismissed by the court. This sort of criminal action was common at the time and both Pulitzer and Chambers were indicted in a number of cases, in some of which they were acquitted, in others convicted.

Chambers also wrote a column for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, from 1904 onwards, called "Walks and Talks" and he continued to write it for the rest of his life.

He continued his travel writing and lectured in journalism at Cornell University from 1903 to 1904, and at New York University
New York University
New York University is a private, nonsectarian research university based in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan...

 in 1910.

In addition to his works of fiction, he published over a hundred short stories and had two plays produced in New York, both comedies.

Chambers was married twice. For years he was a member of the Lotos Club
Lotos Club
The Lotos Club is a gentleman's club in New York City. Founded in 1870 by a young group of writers and critics, Mark Twain, an early member, called it the "Ace of Clubs"...

, New York.

Books


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