Julius Ochs Adler
Encyclopedia
Julius Ochs Adler was an American publisher, journalist
, and United States Army
general.
, the son of Harry Clay Adler and Ada Ochs. After graduating from Princeton University
in 1914 he was employed by The New York Times
. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant
in April 1917, was promoted to captain in August 1917, and served as a Company Commander
("Company H") in the 306th Infantry Regiment, 77th Division, on the Western Front
, seeing action in the Lorraine, Aisne-Marne
, Vesle and Meuse-Argonne
offensives. Adler, by then a major
, was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross
after an action at St. Juvin, on 14 October 1918.
Adler returned to The New York Times in May 1919, served as vice president and treasurer, becoming general manager in 1935 after the death of his uncle, Adolph Ochs.
Having received promotions to lieutenant colonel
in 1923 and to colonel
in 1930 in the Army Reserve
, Adler was reactivated in October 1940 to serve as the commander of the 113th Infantry Regiment, 44th Division, at Fort Dix, New Jersey. Promoted to brigadier general
in July 1941, from September 1941 he was Assistant Divisional Commander, 6th Infantry Division. Adler was relieved from duty on 17 November 1944 because of illness.
He served as Commanding General of the 77th Division (Army Reserve) from November 1946 into 1948, receiving promotion to major general
on 24 January 1948, and was
President of the Senior Army Reserve Commanders Association, 1949-1951.
Adler was the president and publisher of The Chattanooga Times
, and general manager of The New York Times
until his death on October 3, 1955. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery
, in section 2, site 4957-A , map O, grid W 32.5.
Journalist
A journalist collects and distributes news and other information. A journalist's work is referred to as journalism.A reporter is a type of journalist who researchs, writes, and reports on information to be presented in mass media, including print media , electronic media , and digital media A...
, and United States Army
United States Army
The United States Army is the main branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for land-based military operations. It is the largest and oldest established branch of the U.S. military, and is one of seven U.S. uniformed services...
general.
Biography
Adler was born on December 3, 1892, in Chattanooga, TennesseeChattanooga, Tennessee
Chattanooga is the fourth-largest city in the US state of Tennessee , with a population of 169,887. It is the seat of Hamilton County...
, the son of Harry Clay Adler and Ada Ochs. After graduating from Princeton University
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....
in 1914 he was employed by The New York Times
The New York Times
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization...
. He was commissioned as a second lieutenant
Second Lieutenant
Second lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer military rank in many armed forces.- United Kingdom and Commonwealth :The rank second lieutenant was introduced throughout the British Army in 1871 to replace the rank of ensign , although it had long been used in the Royal Artillery, Royal...
in April 1917, was promoted to captain in August 1917, and served as a Company Commander
Company Commander
A company commander is the commanding officer of a company, a military unit which typically consists of 100 to 350 soldiers, often organized into three or four smaller units called platoons....
("Company H") in the 306th Infantry Regiment, 77th Division, on the Western Front
Western Front (World War I)
Following the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the German Army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France. The tide of the advance was dramatically turned with the Battle of the Marne...
, seeing action in the Lorraine, Aisne-Marne
Second Battle of the Marne
The Second Battle of the Marne , or Battle of Reims was the last major German Spring Offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The German attack failed when an Allied counterattack led by France overwhelmed the Germans, inflicting severe casualties...
, Vesle and Meuse-Argonne
Meuse-Argonne Offensive
The Meuse-Argonne Offensive, or Maas-Argonne Offensive, also called the Battle of the Argonne Forest, was a part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire western front.-Overview:...
offensives. Adler, by then a major
Major (United States)
In the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, major is a field grade military officer rank just above the rank of captain and just below the rank of lieutenant colonel...
, was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross
Distinguished Service Cross (United States)
The Distinguished Service Cross is the second highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of the United States Army, for extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force. Actions that merit the Distinguished Service Cross must be of such a high degree...
after an action at St. Juvin, on 14 October 1918.
Adler returned to The New York Times in May 1919, served as vice president and treasurer, becoming general manager in 1935 after the death of his uncle, Adolph Ochs.
Having received promotions to lieutenant colonel
Lieutenant Colonel (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Air Force, and United States Marine Corps, a lieutenant colonel is a field grade military officer rank just above the rank of major and just below the rank of colonel. It is equivalent to the naval rank of commander in the other uniformed services.The pay...
in 1923 and to colonel
Colonel (United States)
In the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, colonel is a senior field grade military officer rank just above the rank of lieutenant colonel and just below the rank of brigadier general...
in 1930 in the Army Reserve
United States Army Reserve
The United States Army Reserve is the federal reserve force of the United States Army. Together, the Army Reserve and the Army National Guard constitute the reserve components of the United States Army....
, Adler was reactivated in October 1940 to serve as the commander of the 113th Infantry Regiment, 44th Division, at Fort Dix, New Jersey. Promoted to brigadier general
Brigadier general (United States)
A brigadier general in the United States Army, Air Force, and Marine Corps, is a one-star general officer, with the pay grade of O-7. Brigadier general ranks above a colonel and below major general. Brigadier general is equivalent to the rank of rear admiral in the other uniformed...
in July 1941, from September 1941 he was Assistant Divisional Commander, 6th Infantry Division. Adler was relieved from duty on 17 November 1944 because of illness.
He served as Commanding General of the 77th Division (Army Reserve) from November 1946 into 1948, receiving promotion to major general
Major general (United States)
In the United States Army, United States Marine Corps, and United States Air Force, major general is a two-star general-officer rank, with the pay grade of O-8. Major general ranks above brigadier general and below lieutenant general...
on 24 January 1948, and was
President of the Senior Army Reserve Commanders Association, 1949-1951.
Adler was the president and publisher of The Chattanooga Times
Chattanooga Times Free Press
The Chattanooga Times Free Press is a daily broadsheet newspaper published in Chattanooga, Tennessee, and is distributed in the metro Chattanooga region of Tennessee and Northwest Georgia...
, and general manager of The New York Times
The New York Times
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization...
until his death on October 3, 1955. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery
Arlington National Cemetery
Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington County, Virginia, is a military cemetery in the United States of America, established during the American Civil War on the grounds of Arlington House, formerly the estate of the family of Confederate general Robert E. Lee's wife Mary Anna Lee, a great...
, in section 2, site 4957-A , map O, grid W 32.5.
Awards and decorations
During World War I Adler was awarded:
Distinguished Service CrossDistinguished Service Cross (United States)The Distinguished Service Cross is the second highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of the United States Army, for extreme gallantry and risk of life in actual combat with an armed enemy force. Actions that merit the Distinguished Service Cross must be of such a high degree...
Silver StarSilver StarThe Silver Star is the third-highest combat military decoration that can be awarded to a member of any branch of the United States armed forces for valor in the face of the enemy....
Purple HeartPurple HeartThe Purple Heart is a United States military decoration awarded in the name of the President to those who have been wounded or killed while serving on or after April 5, 1917 with the U.S. military. The National Purple Heart Hall of Honor is located in New Windsor, New York...
Croix de guerre
Légion d'honneur
Distinguished Service Cross citation
The President of the United States of America, authorized by Act of Congress, July 9, 1918, takes pleasure in presenting the Distinguished Service Cross to Major (Infantry) Julius O. Adler, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism in action while serving with 306th Infantry Regiment, 77th Division, A.E.F., at St. Juvin, France, 14 October 1918. Accompanied by another officer, Major Adler was supervising the work of clearing the enemy from St. Juvin where they suddenly came upon a party of the enemy numbering 150. Firing on the enemy with his pistol, Major Adler ran toward the party, calling on them to surrender. His bravery and good marksmanship resulted in the capture of 50 Germans, and the remainder fled.
Publications
- History of the Seventy-Seventh Division, August 25th, 1917 - November 11th, 1918 (1919) (ed.)
- History of the 306th Infantry (1935) (ed.)