The Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow is a plant association characteristically found on damp ground in portions of western Europe

Europe

Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...

. This type of fen-meadow appears to have co-evolved with human agriculture in Europe since the earlier Holocene

Holocene

The Holocene is a geological epoch which began at the end of the Pleistocene and continues to the present. The Holocene is part of the Quaternary period. Its name comes from the Greek words and , meaning "entirely recent"...

.

Species

The dominant flora

Flora

Flora is the plant life occurring in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring or indigenous—native plant life. The corresponding term for animals is fauna.-Etymology:...

 species within this Fen-meadow

Fen-meadow

A Fen-meadow is a habitat that occurs in numerous locations throughout northern and western Europe. This habitat is found in generally damp lowland areas....

 are:

• Juncus subnodulosus
  Juncus subnodulosus
  Juncus subnodulosus, the Blunt-flowered Rush, is a species of rush. It natively occurs from the Mediterranean region across temperate Europe, but it does not range far into Scandinavia...
  
  and
• Cirsium palustre
  Cirsium palustre
  Cirsium palustre, the marsh thistle or European swamp thistle, is a herbaceous biennial species of the genus Cirsium. It is a tall thistle which reaches up to in height. The strong stems have few branches and are covered in small spines...
  
  .

The Juncus subnodulosus-Cirsium palustre fen-meadow association typically has the following species present:

• Filipendula ulmaria,
• Equisetum palustre
  Equisetum palustre
  Equisetum palustre, the marsh horsetail, is a plant species belonging to the division of horsetails .- Description :...
  
  ,
• Holcus lanatus,
• Lotus pedunculatus
• Mentha aquatica.