Junior college
Encyclopedia
The term junior college refers to different educational institutions in different countries.
, most states provide schooling through 12th grade. Maharashtra
, Orissa
, Andhra Pradesh
and Karnataka
however, have a system of junior colleges where, after taking the 10th grade board exams (see SSLC
, SSC
), students have to apply to junior colleges to complete their 11th and 12th grades. Junior colleges are also referred to as Pre-University Colleges (PUC). Junior colleges are frequently co-located with degree colleges.
Some of the famous junior colleges of include St. Xavier's College, Kishinchand Chelaram College, Jai Hind College
, Ruparel College
and Ramnarain Ruia College
. Some of the famous junior colleges of Bangalore
include Christ Junior College
, St. Joseph's College
, Vijaya college
and Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College
.
whose main purpose is to provide academic, vocational and professional
education. The highest certificate offered by such schools is usually an associate's degree
, although junior college students may continue their education at a university
or college
, transferring some or all of the credit
earned at the junior college toward the degree requirements of the four-year school.
The term junior college has historically referred to all non-bachelor's degree
granting post-secondary schools, but over the last few decades many public junior colleges, which typically aim to serve a local community, have replaced "junior" with "community" in their names. This may give the impression that a junior college must be a private school, but only a small percentage of two-year institutions are private.
, which was set up in a high school as the equivalent of grades 13 and 14 in order to prepare qualified students for the final two years of college. To some extent, this is inherent in the junior college mission of providing practical education to students who for various reasons fall outside the typical profile of a four-year college student (for example, someone who has graduated from high school and spent several years working in a relatively unskilled job). Over the years, such colleges developed a reputation as the schools of last resort. According to federal statistics, 42% of public community college freshmen take remedial courses. However this does not necessarily affect their future transfer prospects: a junior college graduate with good grades can generally transfer to a four-year school and go on to obtain a full bachelor's degree; and there is a growing movement of students who are attending junior colleges to save significant sums of money in the first two years of a four year education.
and football
; in sports parlance, they are often referred to as "Jucos". A talented player who would not meet the academic standards of a major college program may be able to play for two years in junior college, establishing an academic record in the process, and then transfer to the major college. This process has occasionally resulted in scandals, often involving the academics of the student athletes.
, a military junior college
is a military-style junior college that allows cadets to become commissioned officers in the armed forces
reserve in two years, instead of the usual four. The students must still go on to complete a bachelor's degree
before serving as regular officers on active duty.
There are currently five military junior college
s:
in the United Kingdom. After the GCE 'O' level examinations in Secondary 4 or 5, students may apply for admission to either a JC or a polytechnic. The two years spent there culminate in a GCE 'A' level certificate which is the most common qualification used for university admission.
India
In IndiaIndia
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, most states provide schooling through 12th grade. Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
, Orissa
Orissa
Orissa , officially Odisha since Nov 2011, is a state of India, located on the east coast of India, by the Bay of Bengal. It is the modern name of the ancient nation of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Maurya Emperor Ashoka in 261 BC. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April...
, Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh
Andhra Pradesh , is one of the 28 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of India. It is India's fourth largest state by area and fifth largest by population. Its capital and largest city by population is Hyderabad.The total GDP of Andhra Pradesh is $100 billion and is ranked third...
and Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka , the land of the Kannadigas, is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956, with the passing of the States Reorganisation Act and this day is annually celebrated as Karnataka Rajyotsava...
however, have a system of junior colleges where, after taking the 10th grade board exams (see SSLC
SSLC
The Secondary School Leaving Certificate is a certification obtained by a student on successful completion of an examination at the end of study at the secondary schooling level in India.- Relevance of the SSLC :...
, SSC
Secondary School Certificate
The Secondary School Certificate, also known as SSC, is a public examination taken by students in Bangladesh, Pakistan and in the states of Tamilnadu, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Goa in India after successfully completing at least ten years of schooling. It is followed...
), students have to apply to junior colleges to complete their 11th and 12th grades. Junior colleges are also referred to as Pre-University Colleges (PUC). Junior colleges are frequently co-located with degree colleges.
Some of the famous junior colleges of include St. Xavier's College, Kishinchand Chelaram College, Jai Hind College
Jai Hind College
Jai Hind College is a prominent college in Mumbai, India, affiliated with University of Mumbai.Established in 1948 by a small group of teachers who worked at D. J. Sind College of Karachi,under the supervision of Dr. Mohinder-Miles Morton, it is currently located at 'A' Road, Churchgate.The...
, Ruparel College
Ruparel College
The D.G. Ruparel College of Arts, Science and Commerce is a college in Matunga, Mumbai, India. It is run by Modern Education Society, Pune and is affiliated with the University of Mumbai, and has been referred to as "prestigious" by the Times of India....
and Ramnarain Ruia College
Ramnarain Ruia College
Ruia College is located in the central part of Mumbai close to Hindu colony, between the Dadar and Matunga railway stations. It comprises the Ramnarain Ruia College of Arts and Science and the Ramnivas Ruia Junior College of Arts and Science. The college has been awarded a four star rating by the...
. Some of the famous junior colleges of Bangalore
Bangalore
Bengaluru , formerly called Bengaluru is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Bangalore is nicknamed the Garden City and was once called a pensioner's paradise. Located on the Deccan Plateau in the south-eastern part of Karnataka, Bangalore is India's third most populous city and...
include Christ Junior College
Christ University
Christ University in Bangalore, India founded in 1969 is managed by the priests of Carmelites of Mary Immaculate, the first indigenous Syrian Catholic religious congregation in India. The CMI runs around 400 schools, 30 colleges and a number of hospitals at various locations in India...
, St. Joseph's College
St. Joseph's College, Bangalore
St. Joseph's College , Bangalore is one of the oldest colleges in the State of Karnataka with a history of more than 125 years behind it. It imparts graduate, post-graduate and research education while searching, renewing and expanding itself, attempting to be ever relevant to the changing...
, Vijaya college
Vijaya college
* Vijaya College is a college in Mulki in Dakshina Kannada district. The college is affiliated to Mangalore University. It is managed by Academy of Higher Education, Manipal....
and Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College
Sri Bhagawan Mahaveer Jain College
-External links:*...
.
United States
In the United States, a junior college is a two-year post-secondary schoolSchool
A school is an institution designed for the teaching of students under the direction of teachers. Most countries have systems of formal education, which is commonly compulsory. In these systems, students progress through a series of schools...
whose main purpose is to provide academic, vocational and professional
Professional
A professional is a person who is paid to undertake a specialised set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. The traditional professions were doctors, lawyers, clergymen, and commissioned military officers. Today, the term is applied to estate agents, surveyors , environmental scientists,...
education. The highest certificate offered by such schools is usually an associate's degree
Associate's degree
An associate degree is an undergraduate academic degree awarded by community colleges, junior colleges, technical colleges, and bachelor's degree-granting colleges and universities upon completion of a course of study usually lasting two years...
, although junior college students may continue their education at a university
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
or college
College
A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of an educational institution. Usage varies in English-speaking nations...
, transferring some or all of the credit
Credit (education)
A course credit is a unit that gives weighting to the value, level or time requirements of an academic course taken at a school or other educational institution.- United States :...
earned at the junior college toward the degree requirements of the four-year school.
The term junior college has historically referred to all non-bachelor's degree
Bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree is usually an academic degree awarded for an undergraduate course or major that generally lasts for three or four years, but can range anywhere from two to six years depending on the region of the world...
granting post-secondary schools, but over the last few decades many public junior colleges, which typically aim to serve a local community, have replaced "junior" with "community" in their names. This may give the impression that a junior college must be a private school, but only a small percentage of two-year institutions are private.
Cultural connotations
Junior colleges in the United States have long had to contend with a reputation for low academic standards. The concept can be traced back 100 years to the original public junior college, Joliet Junior CollegeJoliet Junior College
Joliet Junior College , a community college based in Joliet, Illinois, was the first public community college founded in the United States. JJC offers pre-baccalaureate programs for students planning to transfer to a four-year university, as well as occupational education leading directly to...
, which was set up in a high school as the equivalent of grades 13 and 14 in order to prepare qualified students for the final two years of college. To some extent, this is inherent in the junior college mission of providing practical education to students who for various reasons fall outside the typical profile of a four-year college student (for example, someone who has graduated from high school and spent several years working in a relatively unskilled job). Over the years, such colleges developed a reputation as the schools of last resort. According to federal statistics, 42% of public community college freshmen take remedial courses. However this does not necessarily affect their future transfer prospects: a junior college graduate with good grades can generally transfer to a four-year school and go on to obtain a full bachelor's degree; and there is a growing movement of students who are attending junior colleges to save significant sums of money in the first two years of a four year education.
Athletics
Certain junior colleges also serve as incubators for college athletes, particularly in basketballBasketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
and football
College football
College football refers to American football played by teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities...
; in sports parlance, they are often referred to as "Jucos". A talented player who would not meet the academic standards of a major college program may be able to play for two years in junior college, establishing an academic record in the process, and then transfer to the major college. This process has occasionally resulted in scandals, often involving the academics of the student athletes.
Military junior college
In the United StatesUnited States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, a military junior college
Military Junior College
In the United States, a Military Junior College is a military-style junior college that allows cadets to become commissioned officers in the U.S. Army reserve in two years, instead of the usual four, through the Early Commissioning Program. The students must still go on to complete a bachelor's...
is a military-style junior college that allows cadets to become commissioned officers in the armed forces
Armed forces
The armed forces of a country are its government-sponsored defense, fighting forces, and organizations. They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body, and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external aggressors. In some countries paramilitary...
reserve in two years, instead of the usual four. The students must still go on to complete a bachelor's degree
Bachelor's degree
A bachelor's degree is usually an academic degree awarded for an undergraduate course or major that generally lasts for three or four years, but can range anywhere from two to six years depending on the region of the world...
before serving as regular officers on active duty.
There are currently five military junior college
Military Junior College
In the United States, a Military Junior College is a military-style junior college that allows cadets to become commissioned officers in the U.S. Army reserve in two years, instead of the usual four, through the Early Commissioning Program. The students must still go on to complete a bachelor's...
s:
- Georgia Military CollegeGeorgia Military CollegeGeorgia Military College is a United States Military Junior College, high school, and middle school in Milledgeville, Georgia. GMC is one of five military junior colleges that participates in the Army's Early Commissioning Program. Cadets who graduate from GMC's two-year, military science-oriented...
, Milledgeville, GeorgiaMilledgeville, GeorgiaMilledgeville is a city in and the county seat of Baldwin County in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is northeast of Macon, located just before Eatonton on the way to Athens along U.S. Highway 441, and it is located on the Oconee River. The relatively rapid current of the Oconee here made this an... - Marion Military InstituteMarion Military InstituteMarion Military Institute, often abbreviated with the initialism MMI, is the official state military college of Alabama. Founded in Marion in 1842, it continues at its original location.-History:...
, Marion, AlabamaMarion, AlabamaMarion is the county seat of Perry County, Alabama. As of the 2000 census, the population of the city is 3,511. First called Muckle Ridge, the city was renamed after a hero of the American Revolution, Francis Marion.-Geography:... - New Mexico Military InstituteNew Mexico Military InstituteNew Mexico Military Institute is a state-supported educational institution. NMMI is located in Roswell, New Mexico, United States. It is sometimes referred to as the West Point of the West and it is the only state-supported military college located in the western United States. NMMI includes a...
, Roswell, New MexicoRoswell, New MexicoRoswell is a city in and the county seat of Chaves County in the southeastern quarter of the state of New Mexico, United States. The population was 48,366 at the 2010 census. It is a center for irrigation farming, dairying, ranching, manufacturing, distribution, and petroleum production. It is also... - Valley Forge Military Academy, Wayne, PennsylvaniaWayne, PennsylvaniaWayne is an unincorporated community located on the Main Line, centered in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, United States. While the center of Wayne is in Radnor Township, Wayne extends into both Tredyffrin Township in Chester County and Upper Merion Township in Montgomery County...
- Wentworth Military AcademyWentworth Military AcademyWentworth Military Academy and College is a private four-year college preparatory high school and military junior college. It is located in Lexington, Missouri, part of the Greater Kansas City Metropolitan Area. Wentworth is the oldest military academy west of the Mississippi River, and the...
, Lexington, MissouriLexington, MissouriLexington is a city in Lafayette County, Missouri, United States. The population was 4,453 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Lafayette County. Located in western Missouri, Lexington lies about 40 miles east of Kansas City and is part of the Greater Kansas City Metropolitan Area...
Singapore
In Singapore, a Junior College (JC) is equivalent to a sixth form collegeSixth form college
A sixth form college is an educational institution in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Belize, Hong Kong or Malta where students aged 16 to 18 typically study for advanced school-level qualifications, such as A-levels, or school-level qualifications such as GCSEs. In Singapore and India, this is...
in the United Kingdom. After the GCE 'O' level examinations in Secondary 4 or 5, students may apply for admission to either a JC or a polytechnic. The two years spent there culminate in a GCE 'A' level certificate which is the most common qualification used for university admission.
External links
- Where Have All the Private 2-Year Colleges Gone?
- The Survival of Private Junior Colleges - US Federal Education Resources Information CenterEducation Resources Information CenterERIC - the Education Resources Information Center - is an online digital library of education research and information. ERIC is sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences of the U.S. Department of Education...
Clearinghouse for Junior Colleges, Los Angeles, CaliforniaLos Angeles, CaliforniaLos Angeles , with a population at the 2010 United States Census of 3,792,621, is the most populous city in California, USA and the second most populous in the United States, after New York City. It has an area of , and is located in Southern California...
. - college.gov - U.S. Department of Education