Justanid
Encyclopedia
The Justanids were the rulers of part of Daylam
(an area which encompasses all or portions of the Iran
ian provinces of Gilan, Zanjan
and Qazvin
) from the late eight century (791 AD) to the late 11th century (974 AD).
" at the end of the 8th century. Their centre was in the Rudbar of Alamut
, running into the valley of the Shahrood. Two centuries later, this would become the main centre of the historical Nizari Ismailis or Assassins (Hashshashin) as they are known in the west. They appear in Islamic history as part of what Vladimir Minorsky has called "the Iranian intermezzo" where indigenous Daylamite and Kurdish principalities take power in north west Persia after two to three hundred years of Arab rule. The Daylamite upsurge eventually culminated into the Buyid dynasty.
After Marzuban ibn Justan converted to Islam
in 805, the ancient family of Justan's became connected to the Zaydi Alids of the Daylam region. The Justanids adopted the Zaydi form of Shi'ism. In the 10th century, they became eclipsed by the Daylamite dynasty of Sallarids in Tarom (modern Iranian province of Zanjan
). Nevertheless, the Justanids were tied into marriage with the Sallarids and preserved heir seat Rudbar in the highlands of Daylam. They also became allies with the Buyids. In the 11th century, they might have recognized the Suzerainty of the Ghaznavids. With the influx of the Seljuqs, they recognized the Suzerainty of the Seljuqs. But shortly after, they fade away from history.
Daylam
Daylam was a province of Persia, now part of Gīlān, Iran.The Daylam region corresponds to the modern region of Gīlān...
(an area which encompasses all or portions of the Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
ian provinces of Gilan, Zanjan
Zanjan
Zanjan may refer to:* Zanjan Province, Iran* Zanjan County, an area within Zanjan Province* Zanjan, Iran, the capital of Zanjan County and Zanjan Province* Zanjan University, located in the city of Zanjan* Senjan, a city in Markazi Province, Iran...
and Qazvin
Qazvin
Qazvin is the largest city and capital of the Province of Qazvin in Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 349,821, in 96,420 families....
) from the late eight century (791 AD) to the late 11th century (974 AD).
History
The Justanids appear as "Kings of DaylamDaylam
Daylam was a province of Persia, now part of Gīlān, Iran.The Daylam region corresponds to the modern region of Gīlān...
" at the end of the 8th century. Their centre was in the Rudbar of Alamut
Alamut
Alamut was a mountain fortress located in the South Caspian province of Daylam near the Rudbar region in Iran, approximately 100 kilometres from present-day Tehran, Iran...
, running into the valley of the Shahrood. Two centuries later, this would become the main centre of the historical Nizari Ismailis or Assassins (Hashshashin) as they are known in the west. They appear in Islamic history as part of what Vladimir Minorsky has called "the Iranian intermezzo" where indigenous Daylamite and Kurdish principalities take power in north west Persia after two to three hundred years of Arab rule. The Daylamite upsurge eventually culminated into the Buyid dynasty.
After Marzuban ibn Justan converted to Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
in 805, the ancient family of Justan's became connected to the Zaydi Alids of the Daylam region. The Justanids adopted the Zaydi form of Shi'ism. In the 10th century, they became eclipsed by the Daylamite dynasty of Sallarids in Tarom (modern Iranian province of Zanjan
Zanjan
Zanjan may refer to:* Zanjan Province, Iran* Zanjan County, an area within Zanjan Province* Zanjan, Iran, the capital of Zanjan County and Zanjan Province* Zanjan University, located in the city of Zanjan* Senjan, a city in Markazi Province, Iran...
). Nevertheless, the Justanids were tied into marriage with the Sallarids and preserved heir seat Rudbar in the highlands of Daylam. They also became allies with the Buyids. In the 11th century, they might have recognized the Suzerainty of the Ghaznavids. With the influx of the Seljuqs, they recognized the Suzerainty of the Seljuqs. But shortly after, they fade away from history.
Justanid Rulers
- 791 - The 'King of Daylam' Justān I, sheltering 'Alids.
- 805 - Marzubān ibn Justān, recognized the Caliph Harun al-RashidHarun al-RashidHārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth Arab Abbasid Caliph in Iraq. He was born in Rey, Iran, close to modern Tehran. His birth date remains a point of discussion, though, as various sources give the dates from 763 to 766)....
at ReyRey, IranRey or Ray , also known as Rhages and formerly as Arsacia, is the capital of Rey County, Tehran Province, Iran, and is the oldest existing city in the province....
. - ? - Justān II ibn Marzubān.
- 856-905 - Wahsudān ibn Justān II.
- 905 - Justān III ibn Wahsudān.
- 919 - Ali ibn Wahsudān, in AbbasidAbbasidThe Abbasid Caliphate or, more simply, the Abbasids , was the third of the Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate from all but the al-Andalus region....
service at Isfahan and ReyRey, IranRey or Ray , also known as Rhages and formerly as Arsacia, is the capital of Rey County, Tehran Province, Iran, and is the oldest existing city in the province....
from 913 onwards - ? Khusraw Firuz ibn Wahsudān, ruler in Rudbar, killed after 919 AD
- ? Mahdi b. Khusraw Firuz, in Rudbar
- ? Justan IV, died 940, perhaps father of Manadhar
- 947 - Manadhar ibn Justān IV, ruling Rubar, died between 969 AD and 972 AD
- 972-974 - Khusraw Shah b. Manadhar, ruling in Rubar, died betweeb 1002 AD and 1006 AD
Literature
- Clifford Edmund Bosworth, The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual, Columbia University, 1996.
- Minorsky, Vladimir, Studies in Caucasian History. New York: Taylor’s Foreign Press, 1953.