K. V. Mathew
Encyclopedia
Kuzhivelil Varkey Mathew (b.1931) is a biblical scholar and a member of the Society for Biblical Studies in India.
in Pathanamthitta
District and later underwent pre-university studies at the CMS College in Kottayam
.
(Mar Thoma XVIII) sent him to Serampore College
, Serampore
where he pursued graduate studies in theology from 1951 to 1955.
The Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church ordained Mathew as a Pastor in 1955. He was made Vicar in Mylom
. After briefly donning the pastoral role, Mathew was sent again to Serampore College
from 1956 to 1957. He then studied at the United Theological College, Bengaluru in the ensuing academic year to pursue post-graduate studies in Biblical Studies leading to M. Th. in Old Testament
thereby becoming the first Indian to pursue a post-graduate course in Old Testament
under the Senate of Serampore College (University)
, a State University of the Government of West Bengal and recognised by the University Grants Commission
under Section 2 (f) of the University Grants Commission
Act, 1956. Mathew studied Old Testament under the Old Testament specialist, Professor Norman Henry Snaith then a Visiting Professor at the Seminary in Bengaluru and worked out a thesis using the Septuagint.
From 1958 to 1960 Mathew was Vicar of the Mar Thoma Parish in Calcutta.
Mathew began teaching Old Testament
in Serampore College
, a constituent College of the Senate of Serampore College (University)
, Serampore
beginning from the academic year 1960 till 1971 when his parent Church, the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church recalled him to Kottayam for teaching in the Mar Thoma Theological Seminary. Paulose Mar Paulose, D. S. Satyaranjan
, G. Babu Rao, S. Jeyapaul David and James Massey were few of the students of K. V. Mathew
. One of his old students, G. Babu Rao returned to Serampore to teach Old Testament from 1974. Mathew's teaching colleagues included Y. D. Tiwari
and others.
Starting from the academic year 1971-1972, Mathew began teaching Old Testament
in the Mar Thoma Theological Seminary, Kottayam
. In 1981, he was made Principal of the Mar Thoma Theological Seminary and continued in that position till 1986.
Mathew was also on the panel of Professors under the Federated Faculty for Research in Religion and Culture (FFRRC), Kerala
and served as a guide to post-graduate and doctoral students. In 2000, K. V. Mathew was invited by the Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar (Delhi Diocese) to serve as the Principal of Dharma Jyoti Vidyapeeth {affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
}, Faridabad
. Mathew held the reins of this institution in Faridabad
till 2002.
After two decades of teaching in the Seminary in Kottayam, Mathew was made the Secretary of the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church in 1987 continuing till 1990 under Metropolitan Alexander Mar Thoma
(Mar Thoma XIX).
The Society for Biblical Studies in India was constituted by Biblical Scholars to foster Biblical scholarship in relation to the Indian context. Mathew also served as an office-bearer of the SBSI. He was twice elected as its President in 1983 and 1994.
Mathew did original research on the Psalms
at the University of Edinburgh
, Scotland.
Subhasito Snehomoyo Patro of Jeypore
who researched at the University of Kiel
, Germany
in 1976 cited both Sigmund Mowinckel
and Mathew
on the issue of Royal Psalms
categorized by Hermann Gunkel
.
Mathew edited the One-Volume Bible Commentary in Malayalam. He worked with Chief Editor E. C. John.
, the President of Grace College
, Winona Lake, Indiana
in his doctoral dissertation entitled A Re-examination of the Cultural Mandate: An analysis and Evaluation of the Dominion Materials cites K. V. Mathew:
L. Jayachitra, a New Testament Scholar in an article discussed the gender identity of God where she quoted K. V. Mathew:
Joseph Oomen, a Priest of the Mar Thoma Church quotes K. V. Mathew on the topic concerning God.
Taking the above cue from Dr. Mathew, Oomen builds up his article thus:
in Serampore College
, Mathew availed study leave and proceeded to the University of Edinburgh
, Scotland
in the academic year 1962 to 1963 and enrolled to pursue doctoral studies in the field of Old Testament
under Professors G. W. Anderson, N. W. Porteous and R. E. Clements, who were then teaching at the University of Edinburgh
. Between 1964 and 1968, Mathew returned to Serampore College
, Serampore
to take up his teaching assignments. He left the College again in 1968-1969 to spend a year at the University of Hamburg
, Germany
under Klaus Koch
. In the final phase of his doctoral research, he spent the final academic year (1969-1970) at the University of Edinburgh
, Scotland
and submitted a thesis on the topic God and Nature in the Book of Psalms thereby becoming the first Indian to be awarded a doctorate by the Faculty of Theology of the University of Edinburgh
, Scotland
.
. In 1997, he was Visiting Professor at the Aizawl Theological College, Aizawl
. In 1999 and 2008, he was a Visiting Professor at his alma mater
in Serampore
. From 2000 to 2002 he took up the Principalship of Dharma Jyoti Vidyapeeth in Faridabad
.
Schooling & Collegiate Studies
Kuzhuvelil Varkey Mathew was born on 2 November 1931 in Keezhuvaipur in Kerala to Rachel and K. T. Varkey. Mathew studied at the local CMS High School in MallapallyMallapally
Malapally or Mallappally is a taluk in Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state, India. The major religions of the population are Christianity and Hinduism. The Kizhakkedath Sree Subramanya Temple at Mallappally is of note. The Thrikkarthika is celebrated in this temple....
in Pathanamthitta
Pathanamthitta
Pathanamthitta is a large town and a municipality situated in the central Travancore region in the state of Kerala, south India, spread over an area of 23.50 km2. It is the administrative capital of Pathanamthitta district. The city has a population of 38,000...
District and later underwent pre-university studies at the CMS College in Kottayam
Kottayam
Kottayam is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 55.40 km2. It is the administrative capital of the Kottayam district. Kottayam Kottayam (Malayalam: കോട്ടയം) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 55.40 km2. It is the administrative...
.
Divinity
After Mathew evinced interest in pursuing studies in divinity, the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church then headed by Juhanon Mar ThomaJuhanon Mar Thoma
Juhanon Mar Thoma Metropolitan was the Head of the Mar Thoma church from 1947–1976, who gave leadership to the church and at the same time actively participated in social and political arenas. He was respected by people from all walks of life, from all religions and from all age groups. He is...
(Mar Thoma XVIII) sent him to Serampore College
Serampore College
Serampore College is located in Serampore Town, in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India.The college consists of two entities:*The theological faculty*A separate college with faculties of arts, science, commerce...
, Serampore
Serampore
Serampore is a city and a municipality in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority. It is a pre-colonial town on the right bank of the Hoogli River...
where he pursued graduate studies in theology from 1951 to 1955.
The Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church ordained Mathew as a Pastor in 1955. He was made Vicar in Mylom
Mylom
-Demographics: India census, Mylom had a population of 22425 with 10729 males and 11696 females.It is a beautiful village with good harmony between people,has a good panchayath, mylom is famous for hills and also mylom panchayath have 20 wards where women's empowerment is very strong in this...
. After briefly donning the pastoral role, Mathew was sent again to Serampore College
Serampore College
Serampore College is located in Serampore Town, in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India.The college consists of two entities:*The theological faculty*A separate college with faculties of arts, science, commerce...
from 1956 to 1957. He then studied at the United Theological College, Bengaluru in the ensuing academic year to pursue post-graduate studies in Biblical Studies leading to M. Th. in Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
thereby becoming the first Indian to pursue a post-graduate course in Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
under the Senate of Serampore College (University)
Senate of Serampore College (University)
The Senate of Serampore College is located in Serampore Town, in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India.Serampore was granted the status of university in 1829, making it India's first institution to have the status of a university....
, a State University of the Government of West Bengal and recognised by the University Grants Commission
University Grants Commission (India)
The University Grants Commission of India is a statutory organisation set up by Union government in 1956, for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education. It provides recognition for universities in India, and provides funds for government-recognised...
under Section 2 (f) of the University Grants Commission
University Grants Commission (India)
The University Grants Commission of India is a statutory organisation set up by Union government in 1956, for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education. It provides recognition for universities in India, and provides funds for government-recognised...
Act, 1956. Mathew studied Old Testament under the Old Testament specialist, Professor Norman Henry Snaith then a Visiting Professor at the Seminary in Bengaluru and worked out a thesis using the Septuagint.
From 1958 to 1960 Mathew was Vicar of the Mar Thoma Parish in Calcutta.
Teacher
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
in Serampore College
Serampore College
Serampore College is located in Serampore Town, in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India.The college consists of two entities:*The theological faculty*A separate college with faculties of arts, science, commerce...
, a constituent College of the Senate of Serampore College (University)
Senate of Serampore College (University)
The Senate of Serampore College is located in Serampore Town, in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India.Serampore was granted the status of university in 1829, making it India's first institution to have the status of a university....
, Serampore
Serampore
Serampore is a city and a municipality in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority. It is a pre-colonial town on the right bank of the Hoogli River...
beginning from the academic year 1960 till 1971 when his parent Church, the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church recalled him to Kottayam for teaching in the Mar Thoma Theological Seminary. Paulose Mar Paulose, D. S. Satyaranjan
D. S. Satyaranjan
D. S. Satyaranjan is a Pastor, a New Testament Scholar, and an Administrator.-Early life and education:Satyaranjan was born on January 19, 1939 in West Godavari district, Andhra Pradesh, India...
, G. Babu Rao, S. Jeyapaul David and James Massey were few of the students of K. V. Mathew
K. V. Mathew
Kuzhivelil Varkey Mathew is a biblical scholar and a member of the Society for Biblical Studies in India. -Schooling & Collegiate Studies:Kuzhuvelil Varkey Mathew was born on 2 November 1931 in Keezhuvaipur in Kerala to Rachel and K. T. Varkey...
. One of his old students, G. Babu Rao returned to Serampore to teach Old Testament from 1974. Mathew's teaching colleagues included Y. D. Tiwari
Y. D. Tiwari
Yisu Das Tiwari was an Indian theologian and a leading participant in Hindu-Christian dialogue.He was a Scholar in Sanskrit, Hindi and Greek. The Bible Society of India entrusted him with revision of the Hindi Bible into a contemporary version.-History:Yisu Das Tiwari was born Badri Prasad...
and others.
Starting from the academic year 1971-1972, Mathew began teaching Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
in the Mar Thoma Theological Seminary, Kottayam
Kottayam
Kottayam is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 55.40 km2. It is the administrative capital of the Kottayam district. Kottayam Kottayam (Malayalam: കോട്ടയം) is a city in the Indian state of Kerala, spread over an area of 55.40 km2. It is the administrative...
. In 1981, he was made Principal of the Mar Thoma Theological Seminary and continued in that position till 1986.
Mathew was also on the panel of Professors under the Federated Faculty for Research in Religion and Culture (FFRRC), Kerala
Kerala
or Keralam is an Indian state located on the Malabar coast of south-west India. It was created on 1 November 1956 by the States Reorganisation Act by combining various Malayalam speaking regions....
and served as a guide to post-graduate and doctoral students. In 2000, K. V. Mathew was invited by the Mar Thoma Syrian Church of Malabar (Delhi Diocese) to serve as the Principal of Dharma Jyoti Vidyapeeth {affiliated to the Senate of Serampore College (University)
Senate of Serampore College (University)
The Senate of Serampore College is located in Serampore Town, in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India.Serampore was granted the status of university in 1829, making it India's first institution to have the status of a university....
}, Faridabad
Faridabad
Faridabad is a city in the south-east of Haryana state in northern India, in Faridabad district. It lies at 28º 25' 16" N Latitude and 77º 18' 28" E Longitude. The district shares its boundaries with the National Capital and Union Territory of Delhi to its north, Gurgaon district to the west and...
. Mathew held the reins of this institution in Faridabad
Faridabad
Faridabad is a city in the south-east of Haryana state in northern India, in Faridabad district. It lies at 28º 25' 16" N Latitude and 77º 18' 28" E Longitude. The district shares its boundaries with the National Capital and Union Territory of Delhi to its north, Gurgaon district to the west and...
till 2002.
Leadership
- Mar Thoma Sabha
After two decades of teaching in the Seminary in Kottayam, Mathew was made the Secretary of the Malankara Mar Thoma Syrian Church in 1987 continuing till 1990 under Metropolitan Alexander Mar Thoma
Alexander Mar Thoma
Alexander Mar Thoma Metropolitan was the head of the Mar Thoma Church with its center in Kerala state in south-western India. About his life he wrote in his autobiography, “My life was a filled with trials and tribulations, joy and sorrow, pain and gain, struggles and rewards...
(Mar Thoma XIX).
- Society for Biblical Studies in India
The Society for Biblical Studies in India was constituted by Biblical Scholars to foster Biblical scholarship in relation to the Indian context. Mathew also served as an office-bearer of the SBSI. He was twice elected as its President in 1983 and 1994.
Research
Psalms
The Book of Psalms , commonly referred to simply as Psalms, is a book of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Bible...
at the University of Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...
, Scotland.
Subhasito Snehomoyo Patro of Jeypore
Jeypore
Jeypore, is the largest town in the Koraput district of Orissa, India. Along with Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Sambalpur, Rourkela, Balasore, Puri and Berhampur, Jeypore is one of the prominent places of Orissa. It is encompassed by hills of the Eastern Ghats and the more famous Araku hills on three...
who researched at the University of Kiel
University of Kiel
The University of Kiel is a university in the city of Kiel, Germany. It was founded in 1665 as the Academia Holsatorum Chiloniensis by Christian Albert, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp and has approximately 23,000 students today...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
in 1976 cited both Sigmund Mowinckel
Sigmund Mowinckel
Sigmund Olaf Plytt Mowinckel was one of the world's most significant Psalms scholars.-Life:...
and Mathew
Mathew
-Surname:* Arnold Mathew , first Old Catholic bishop in the United Kingdom* Cyril Mathew, Sri Lankan politician and a writer* David Mathew * Eduardo Mathew...
on the issue of Royal Psalms
Royal Psalms
Hermann Gunkel categorized ten psalms by their subject matter of kingship as the 'royal psalms'. Specifically the royal psalms deal with the spiritual role of kings in the worship of Yahweh. Aside from that single qualification, there is nothing else which specifically links the ten psalms. Each...
categorized by Hermann Gunkel
Hermann Gunkel
Hermann Gunkel was a German Protestant Old Testament scholar. He is noted for his contribution to form criticism and the study of oral tradition in biblical texts. He was an outstanding representative of the "History of Religion School."...
.
Mathew edited the One-Volume Bible Commentary in Malayalam. He worked with Chief Editor E. C. John.
Scholarly Contributions
Ronald E. ManahanRonald E. Manahan
Dr. Ronald E. Manahan is the current president of Grace College and Theological Seminary. The college and theological seminary are in Winona Lake, Indiana.AdministrationDR. RONALD MANAHAN, PRESIDENT...
, the President of Grace College
Grace College
Grace College is an evangelical Christian college located in Winona Lake, Indiana. The college is associated with Grace Theological Seminary and the Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches.-Accreditation:...
, Winona Lake, Indiana
Winona Lake, Indiana
Winona Lake is a town in Wayne Township, Kosciusko County, Indiana, United States. The population was 4,908 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Winona Lake is located at...
in his doctoral dissertation entitled A Re-examination of the Cultural Mandate: An analysis and Evaluation of the Dominion Materials cites K. V. Mathew:
L. Jayachitra, a New Testament Scholar in an article discussed the gender identity of God where she quoted K. V. Mathew:
Joseph Oomen, a Priest of the Mar Thoma Church quotes K. V. Mathew on the topic concerning God.
Taking the above cue from Dr. Mathew, Oomen builds up his article thus:
In the expression ‘Eheh’6 the ‘ousiaOusiaOusia is the Ancient Greek noun formed on the feminine present participle of ; it is analogous to the English participle being, and the modern philosophy adjectival ontic...
’ of God is denoted not by a static being but a dynamic creative becoming. The Hebrew word ElohimElohimElohim is a grammatically singular or plural noun for "god" or "gods" in both modern and ancient Hebrew language. When used with singular verbs and adjectives elohim is usually singular, "god" or especially, the God. When used with plural verbs and adjectives elohim is usually plural, "gods" or...
is plural. So the single Godhead comprises the majesty of divine plurality. The nature of God as it is shown in the book of Genesis implies that God is a family (Genesis 5:2-3); God is one (Deuteronomy 6:4, Exodus 20:3).
Publications
- Ancient Religions of the Fertile Crescent and the Sanatana Dharma
- Trinity-Semantic Considerations
- The Concept of God and Nature in the Psalms
- The Hermeneutical Struggle in India
- Indigenisation: An Old Testament Perspective
- The faith and practice of the Mar Thoma Church
- Walking humbly with God : A Biography of the Rev. C. E. Abraham
- Ecological Perspectives in the Book of Psalms
- Crisis and Hope in Israel's Exile
- Dr. M. M. Thomas - A Grateful Memory
- Last Supper - A Kingdom Perspective
- Ecology and Faith in the Old Testament
Higher Studies
While teaching Old TestamentOld Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
in Serampore College
Serampore College
Serampore College is located in Serampore Town, in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India.The college consists of two entities:*The theological faculty*A separate college with faculties of arts, science, commerce...
, Mathew availed study leave and proceeded to the University of Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...
, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
in the academic year 1962 to 1963 and enrolled to pursue doctoral studies in the field of Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
under Professors G. W. Anderson, N. W. Porteous and R. E. Clements, who were then teaching at the University of Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...
. Between 1964 and 1968, Mathew returned to Serampore College
Serampore College
Serampore College is located in Serampore Town, in Hooghly District, West Bengal, India.The college consists of two entities:*The theological faculty*A separate college with faculties of arts, science, commerce...
, Serampore
Serampore
Serampore is a city and a municipality in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority. It is a pre-colonial town on the right bank of the Hoogli River...
to take up his teaching assignments. He left the College again in 1968-1969 to spend a year at the University of Hamburg
University of Hamburg
The University of Hamburg is a university in Hamburg, Germany. It was founded on 28 March 1919 by Wilhelm Stern and others. It grew out of the previous Allgemeines Vorlesungswesen and the Kolonialinstitut as well as the Akademisches Gymnasium. There are around 38,000 students as of the start of...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
under Klaus Koch
Klaus Koch
- External links :*...
. In the final phase of his doctoral research, he spent the final academic year (1969-1970) at the University of Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...
, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
and submitted a thesis on the topic God and Nature in the Book of Psalms thereby becoming the first Indian to be awarded a doctorate by the Faculty of Theology of the University of Edinburgh
University of Edinburgh
The University of Edinburgh, founded in 1583, is a public research university located in Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The university is deeply embedded in the fabric of the city, with many of the buildings in the historic Old Town belonging to the university...
, Scotland
Scotland
Scotland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the...
.
Visiting Scholar
After leaving the Seminary in Kottayam in 1994, Mathew spent three years as a Pastor of the Parish in RanniRanni
Ranni , sometimes spelled Ranny, is one of the 5 Taluks in the Pathanamthitta district of Kerala, in India. According to the Census of India 2001, the population was 207,782. The taluk headquarters is a small township on both sides of the Pamba River. Ranni is also one of the largest taluks in...
. In 1997, he was Visiting Professor at the Aizawl Theological College, Aizawl
Aizawl
Aizawl is the capital of the state of Mizoram in India. With a resident population 228,280 , it is the largest city within the state. It is also the center of all important government offices, state assembly house and civil secretariat...
. In 1999 and 2008, he was a Visiting Professor at his alma mater
Alma mater
Alma mater , pronounced ), was used in ancient Rome as a title for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele, and in Christianity for the Virgin Mary.-General term:...
in Serampore
Serampore
Serampore is a city and a municipality in Hooghly district in the Indian state of West Bengal. It is a part of the area covered by Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority. It is a pre-colonial town on the right bank of the Hoogli River...
. From 2000 to 2002 he took up the Principalship of Dharma Jyoti Vidyapeeth in Faridabad
Faridabad
Faridabad is a city in the south-east of Haryana state in northern India, in Faridabad district. It lies at 28º 25' 16" N Latitude and 77º 18' 28" E Longitude. The district shares its boundaries with the National Capital and Union Territory of Delhi to its north, Gurgaon district to the west and...
.