Kabuki is a comic book

Comic book

A comic book or comicbook is a magazine made up of comics, narrative artwork in the form of separate panels that represent individual scenes, often accompanied by dialog as well as including...

 series created by artist and writer David Mack

David W. Mack

David W. Mack is an American comic book artist and writer, best known for his creator-owned series Kabuki. Mack is known for his unique painted and collage-like work...

, first published in 1994

1994 in comics

-Year overall:* Huge changes in the marketplace force many retailers and small publishers out of business...

 by Caliber Press and later by Image Comics

Image Comics

Image Comics is a United States comic book publisher. It was founded in 1992 by high-profile illustrators as a venue where creators could publish their material without giving up the copyrights to the characters they created, as creator-owned properties. It was immediately successful, and remains...

. It is a story of an assassin who struggles with her identity in near-future Japan

Japan

Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

. The most recent miniseries, Kabuki: The Alchemy, was published by Marvel Comics

Marvel Comics

Marvel Worldwide, Inc., commonly referred to as Marvel Comics and formerly Marvel Publishing, Inc. and Marvel Comics Group, is an American company that publishes comic books and related media...

 under its imprint Icon Comics

Icon Comics

Icon Comics is an imprint of Marvel Comics for creator-owned titles, designed to keep select "A-list" creators producing for Marvel rather than seeing them take creator-owned work to other publishers.-History:...

. The series has been collected into several trade paperbacks, which include several one-shots and spin-off limited series.

Plot

Set in an alternate near future Japan, the protagonist of the story; a young woman codenamed Kabuki, acts as an agent and television law-enforcement personality for a clandestine government body known as The Noh. In the first volume of the series, The Noh's nature and background is explained.

It is controlled by a renowned World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

 Japanese military man known as The General, who has achieved much power and status for being a brilliant military tactician during his many years of service. The agency itself exists as part of Japan's strict police state, which hunts down and brutally executes criminals for their misdeeds under the veil of keeping the peace. However, secretly The Noh also acts to maintain the balance of crime and order that ultimately benefits the national economy on both sides of the law and thus targets politicians, businessmen and certain underworld kingpins whose actions threaten this balance. Kabuki herself is one of eight masked assassins whom perform these secret executions under The General's orders.

The primary antagonist of the story is a man names Ryuchi Kai, The General's son and another war veteran, who is now a Yakuza boss and every bit as deadly and brilliant as his father but has garnished a reputation for swift brutality. Astonishingly, despite the high level of discretion surrounding The Noh, Kai manages to infiltrate the agency personally by using its policy of masked operatives to his advantage. Posing as Oni - one of The General's two overseers of the assassins (The other being a mysterious old man named Dove); he manipulates Kabuki and her partners into eliminating the entire underworld hierarchy in Tokyo. Publicly Kai is a talented businessman with much stock and influence in the Japanese market, thus this move makes him indispensable and essential to the balance.

Kabuki's origins are revealed as the story progresses, her mother was an Ainu

Ainu people

The , also called Aynu, Aino , and in historical texts Ezo , are indigenous people or groups in Japan and Russia. Historically they spoke the Ainu language and related varieties and lived in Hokkaidō, the Kuril Islands, and much of Sakhalin...

 comfort woman

Comfort Woman

Comfort Woman is the fifth solo album by Me'shell Ndegeocello. It was released October 14, 2003 on Maverick Records. The album peaked at #150 on the Billboard Top 200 list that year. The album also peaked at #43 on Billboard's R&B Album chart. The LP was the final record released by Maverick,...

 named Tsukiko taken by Japanese soldiers during WWII. Rather than be used as sex slaves, The General instead had the women act out Kabuki plays to entertain the soldiers, something that was met with scorn by his son, who fast made "Kabuki" a derogatory term among the ranks. Tsukiko in particular captivated The General, a widower, who took her to be his wife. This decision infuriated Kai, who saw it as an affront to his deceased mother, and on the eve of their wedding assaulted, raped, blinded and savagely scarred Tsukiko with the words "Kabuki" into her back. Tsukiko survived the encounter however and was now pregnant with Kai's child, something The General kept hidden. Tsukiko finally dies as her daughter, Ukiko is born. The General in turn raises her as his own daughter. Unfortunately nine years later Kai gets wind of the child's existence and savagely attacks her at her mother's grave, once again carving "Kabuki" this time along the girl's face. Ukiko dies for nine minutes but is successfully resuscitated. From then on The General grooms her into a perfect soldier, having her trained in martial arts, combat and weaponry so that she may never fall victim to another assault. When The Noh is created she is given a mask reminiscent of her mother's face and the codename "Kabuki" - claiming the term as her own.

In the present, Kai is now a political figurehead and inaccessible from The Noh's wrath, going as far to reconnect with his father to cement his status. The Noh agents are all dismissed by Dove except Kabuki. Dove reveals that he is in fact her biological grandfather on her mother's side, that The Noh has become defunct and that Kai's reign has gone on long enough. He dispatches Kabuki/Ukiko to eliminate him, his followers and The Noh's board of directors. The battle is bloody and Kai very nearly defeats her, though she succeeds at the last moment. Her final confrontation at The General's headquarters results in her sustaining fatal wounds. Victorious and dying Ukiko finally limps to her mother's grave to die.

With the following volumes it is revealed that Ukiko was in fact abducted shortly after this by a rival agency called Control Corps who treat her injuries and keep her trapped and medicated within a hidden asylum for broken-down government agents. For nine months they study her and probe her for information regarding The Noh. She does not relent and instead devotes this period to introspection and personal reflection. During this time she is contacted periodically by another inmate- a mysterious individual known as Akemi who has grand plans for escape. Meanwhile outside of the institution all of Japan is in confusion as its top political lynchpins have been killed and The Noh is unable to comment. Dove has vanished and with him all knowledge of Ukiko's motives, thus the seven remaining assassins have been dispatched to hunt down Ukiko and kill her. Ironically during the months of searching, two of the agent’s codenamed Scarab and Tigerlilly become friends and start socializing as civilians - something which later compromises their mission.

Through Akemi's elaborate machinations Ukiko manages to escape Control Corps just as her former partners arrive to eliminate her, resulting in the death of one of them. Akemi takes advantage of this and just as Kai did, poses as the fallen agent to continue infiltrating The Noh, this time on Ukiko's behalf.

Ukiko then embarks on a convoluted trail given to her by Akemi so she can forge a new identity and life for herself. Escaping Japan to America with the help of other brilliant escapees under Akemi's employ, she successfully achieves a blissful, private existence wherein she can be happy. The final pages of the series see her subtly overthrowing The Noh altogether through a tell-all comic book created by herself and a comic artist she encounters, she also falls pregnant, much to her delight.

Style

Unlike most comic series, the plot of Kabuki moves very little over the course of the volumes. Very little fast-paced or violent action takes place. Instead, most of the focus is on memories, dreams, thoughts and philosophy. David Mack's characters, especially Kabuki herself, revisit the same scenes and memories many times, rethinking them and their significance. Mack uses myriad art styles, not only pencil, ink, and color, but paint, magazine clippings, manga scans, and crayons. In Kabuki: The Alchemy especially, many of the pages are photos (or color scans) of collages using a variety of materials; for example, the fingers of Japanese sandalwood fans become the borders of the comic panels. Imagery is very important and prominent in the series; Mack reuses the same images, often changing them slightly, and focusing on the emotional content of images and the power of memories.

In Kabuki: Masks of the Noh a different artist was assigned to each agent as a way of visually representing their personalities. This continued in Kabuki: Scarab, which was written by Mack with art by Rick Mays, who had previously drawn Scarab in Masks of the Noh.

The Noh Assassins

• Kabuki/Ukiko The protagonist of the series, Ukiko is a beautiful but tragic young woman struggling with her sense of self following years of social withdrawal, mental conditioning and a severe assault during childhood that horribly disfigured her face. Ukiko acts as the top enforcement agent of The Noh, executing potentially dangerous individuals before they become national-level threats. She is also the voice of the airwaves and a national icon, updating the people of Japan with daily news and weather reports. When her biological father Ryuchi Kai begins to compromise the Noh, Ukiko sets out to eliminate him, starting a difficult, sequence of events that ultimately allows her to assess and actualize her own identity. Ukiko’s Kabuki- Noh costume is a variation of the Japanese flag, her weapons are Ainu farming sickles and her mask is based on her mother’s face.

• Scarab/Keiko Considered the secondary man character of the series, the codename Scarab was given to her because it is her duty to clean up the scenes left by the other Noh assassins, very much like the scarab beetle
  Scarabaeidae
  The family Scarabaeidae as currently defined consists of over 30,000 species of beetles worldwide. The species in this large family are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family is fairly unstable, with numerous competing theories, and new proposals appearing quite...
  
  . Initially a street orphan alongside close friend Seiko, she encountered a young motorcycle hooligan named Yukio and quickly fell for him. However Yukio’s involvement with the Yakuza results in him and Seiko being killed. Keiko was granted amnesty for her part by a government agent named Kenji in exchange for the infiltration of various underworld social groups. Alongside this she was also given combat and weaponry training ultimately leading to her placement as a Noh assassin. Following Kabuki’s betrayal, she and fellow agent Tigerlilly inadvertently form a deep friendship whilst in pursuit. Her Noh costume is a spiked, dominatrix-like bodysuit based on one of Yukio’s drawings and her mask bears a swirling insect-like pattern.

• Tiger Lily A fellow Noh assassin who befriends Scarab after being rescued by her following a confrontation with Control Corps during their abduction of Kabuki. Very little is known about her early life, although she treasures her sister-like bond with Scarab, and often confides in her despite The Noh’s strict no fraternization policy. Before her life as a Noh operative, she was a comic book artist which was a profession she maintained as a cover-role while working as an assassin. When the agents invade the Control Corps installation Tigerlilly vanishes, presumably to target Kabuki, it is assumed she survived the incident based on Akemi’s letters in Kabuki Volume 6: The Alchemy. Also in this volume Ukiko briefly encounters a woman comic artist on her plane to America, with a very high suggestion that this may have been Tigerlilly’s civilian persona. Her Noh costume was initially a very revealing set of lingerie with her hair tied back in a French plait however she switches to a more practical t-shirt and combat trousers on Scarab’s advice. Her mask bears the stripes of her name and she wields a short sword.

• Siamese A pair of twin assassins who always work together as one Noh agent unit, they are often sent on missions that require their unique synchronicity. Born conjoined at the arm they each have a prosthetic replacement, other than this very little is known of their background. One sister (the left twin) is quite talkative and taunts her targets whereas the other is more taciturn and chooses to talk only when situations require. Kabuki Volume 4: Skin Deep sees Siamese standing over Ukiko’s corpse –presumably having killed her. With the entirety of the next two volumes acting as a flashback, Siamese take on a darkly, sinister tone appearing briefly, but always after an act of brutal violence - the build-up to their confrontation is slow and full of dread. Ironically the quiet right twin of the two is revealed to be a fan of Kabuki’s on-screen persona and despairs over their mission. Siamese’s Noh costumes are sleeveless t-shirts bearing the Japanese sun and rotations of stockings and trousers. The prosthesis act as weapons by being fitted with various attachments and their masks are halved and monochromatic.

• Ice Nothing is revealed about this particular agent’s identity or backstory, however Ice’s personality makes her prominent. She is the most dedicated of the Noh assassins, never questioning orders and correcting those who do so. In the wake of Kai’s death Ice take the initiative and becomes the de facto field leader – directing the other agents to locate and eliminate Kabuki. Of the agents Ice’s costume is he most inconsistent. Initially she has thin, wiry hair a transparent bra and armoured combat trousers, but on occasion she sports razor-tipped cornrows and no chest cover at all. Ice’s weapon set however makes her one of the most formidable of the agents . Her arms are surgically adapted to contain sub-zero ice picks which she fires as weapons, hence her namesake alongside this her fingers are also diamond tipped claws containing poison-tipped shurikens. Her Noh mask is relatively simple with a curled spiral between the eyes.

• Snapdragon. The most mysterious of all the agents, Snapdragon is depicted as being a quiet, observing individual much like Kabuki although much more savage. There is a strong indication that Snapdragon is also just as dissociative but with a greater flair for ambush and violence. Snapdragon’s costume includes gauntlets bearing the Japanese sun, a scant pair of black leather trousers and nipple tape, with occasional additions of netting and a matching jacket. The weaponry she wields includes a kusarigama
  Kusarigama
  The is a traditional Japanese weapon that consists of a kama on a metal chain with a heavy iron weight at the end. The kusarigama is said to have developed during the Muromachi period...
  
   chain-and-blade weapon. Snapdragon’s mask bears a black band around the eyes like a blindfold with a similar, thinner band from the mouth.

• Butoh. The final Noh assassin, her codename literally translates as “Dancer”, apt considering the nature of her costume and weapons; a white ballet leotard and tights with razor-edged folding fans. Little is revealed about Butoh’s past or even her present, though Volume 3: Masks of The Noh shed’s a brief light on her thought process. She is very methodical and even mechanical in her training and activities for The Noh, however in her narrative she states that even she is not what she appears - something which sadly is never expanded upon. Her mask is a simple smiling face with rosy cheeks.

All Noh assassins bear a dragon

Chinese dragon

Chinese dragons are legendary creatures in Chinese mythology and folklore, with mythic counterparts among Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, Bhutanese, Western and Turkic dragons. In Chinese art, dragons are typically portrayed as long, scaled, serpentine creatures with four legs...

 tattoo on the back. The wings spread to cover both shoulders, while the tail reaches to lower back area. A bulletproof kabuki

Kabuki

is classical Japanese dance-drama. Kabuki theatre is known for the stylization of its drama and for the elaborate make-up worn by some of its performers.The individual kanji characters, from left to right, mean sing , dance , and skill...

 mask covers the face to conceal the identity. The mask is made of the ceramic

Ceramic

A ceramic is an inorganic, nonmetallic solid prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials may have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous...

 lightweight material that used for Japanese bullet trains, and is stronger than metal. Boots and utility belts are included. The eyes of the mask are connected to a red visor, which allows the assassin to share their vision with the Noh via camera-link, all while processing data. The general color and clothing is black leather and silk, which makes it easy for an assassin to avoid detection while moving about in shadows and darkness. The silk is mostly used to cover the arms to conceal arm movements. The body armor worn is bulletproof. All assassins have individual designs to suit them. For example, spikes are worn as part of Scarab's assassin garb, because her armor design is based on a sketch that Yukio drew in his spare time. Her appearance may be considered the most fancy look among the eight assassins. The Noh assassins are highly skilled with Neo Warsaw Pact

Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Cooperation, and Mutual Assistance , or more commonly referred to as the Warsaw Pact, was a mutual defense treaty subscribed to by eight communist states in Eastern Europe...

 and NATO firearms, Okinawan black market weaponry, hand-to-hand combat, and attack and defense using the environment. The preferred weapons of choice are usually handguns, and various bladed weapons. The long fingernails are sometimes dipped in poisoned nail polish. Each assassin has her own favorite weapons that she normally prefers to carry out her missions.

The Kai Syndicate

• Ryuichi Kai is a politician who is also leader of the Kai Syndicate. He is also the real father of Kabuki as he raped and mutilated her mother. Upon learning of Ukiko's existence, he soon finds her and viciously scars her face with the words "kabuki", just as he did with her mother. An avid reader, he enjoys readings on philosophers, such as Friedrich Nietzsche
  Friedrich Nietzsche
  Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a 19th-century German philosopher, poet, composer and classical philologist...
  
   in his spare time.
• Cowboy is a photogenic criminal.
• Johnny Yamamoto
• Violet
• Link Kinoshita

Other characters

• Seiko Saiton was Keiko's childhood friend who was also murdered by Yamamoto Gumi. She and Keiko first met at an orphanage. As a rebel, she has spent time going through different foster families, due to the indifference that she had towards groups, institutions, organizations, gangs, politics of organized religion, and rules in general. A practitioner of body modification
  Body modification
  Body modification is the deliberate altering of the human body for any non-medical reason, such as aesthetics, sexual enhancement, a rite of passage, religious reasons, to display group membership or affiliation, to create body art, shock value, or self expression...
  
  , she has had her ears, eyebrows, and navel pierced. For this, she was often nicknamed "Voodoo Doll", as well as "Psycho-Seiko", due to her very short temper, and love of recklessness and confrontation. However, she believed in God and Christianity
  Christianity
  Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
  
  , and possessed good knowledge and understanding of the Holy Bible.
• Tsukiko is the mother of Ukiko, who died while giving birth to her. A woman of Ainu descent, she was the lover of Ukiko's grandfather, but was raped and scarred by Kai out of resentment on the evening before her wedding. When the general found Tsukiko, her eyes were gone and the word "kabuki" had been carved into her back. Her name means "tsuki no musume(つきのむすめ)" or "daughter of the moon". Ukiko often sees her in her dreams, and as able to describe her countenance.
• Yukio is the deceased lover of Scarab, who was murdered by Yamamoto Gumi. Not much else is known about him, although he enjoyed sketching, collecting and creating figurines, and tinkering with his bike. He possibly was a writer, who enjoyed poetry, as well as pithy sayings.
• Yamamoto Gumi is a group of Yakuza that Yukio once worked and ran errands for.
• M.C. Square is another inmate at Control Corps. Lively and highly intelligent, she has an obsession with numbers, math, and arithmetic.
• Akemi is a veterinarian
  Veterinarian
  A veterinary physician, colloquially called a vet, shortened from veterinarian or veterinary surgeon , is a professional who treats disease, disorder and injury in animals....
  
  /artist who works at the Little Friend Animal Clinic. She is Kabuki's fellow inmate at Control Corps, and helps her to survive and escape the institution. Is it suggested to the reader that either she and Ukiko are closer than friends, or is perhaps she is an alter-ego of Ukiko herself. Her name is a semi-homophonic similarity to the word "Alchemy."
• Kenji is a mysterious young man, who has connections to the Noh, as well as law. Not much is known about him, although he was responsible for the recruiting of Keiko.
• General Kai is the father of Ryuchi, as well as Ukiko's grandfather. He was the husband of Tsukiko, but tragically is the grandfather of Ukiko, given the shameful truth that it was his own son who raped and scarred Tsukiko.

Publications

The complete story is told through these volumes, beginning with Fear the Reaper/Circle of Blood, and leading up to The Alchemy.

• Kabuki: Circle of Blood (consists of Kabuki: Fear the Reaper and Circle of Blood #1-6)
• Kabuki: Dreams (consists of Kabuki Color Special, Kabuki: Dreams of the Dead, Kabuki #1/2, and The Ghost Play)
• Kabuki: Masks of Noh (consists of Masks of the Noh #1-4)
• Kabuki: Skin Deep (consists of Kabuki: Skin Deep #1-3)
• Kabuki: Metamorphosis (consists of Kabuki #1-9)
• Kabuki: Scarab, Lost in Translation (consists of Kabuki: Scarab #1-8 and new material) (Image Comics, 2002, ISBN 1-58240-258-2)
• Kabuki: The Alchemy (limited series - 9 issues)

Alternate volumes

Versions not connected to the actual plot:

• Kabuki: Dance of Death
• Kabuki: Reflections (non-narrative collections of Kabuki-related art)

Film

David Mack is working on a live action Kabuki feature film for 20th Century Fox. Besides writing the treatment

Film treatment

A film treatment is a piece of prose, typically the step between scene cards and the first draft of a screenplay for a motion picture, television program, or radio play. It is generally longer and more detailed than an outline , and it may include details of directorial style that an outline omits...

, his credits include: Visual Designer, Creative Consultant and Co-Producer. The release date is unknown.

Toys

In the late 1990s, Moore Action Collectibles released several figures and variants based on the character Kabuki; further releases were planned, but never came about. In 2004, Scarab received a figure and variants from Diamond Select Toys

Diamond Select Toys

Diamond Select Toys was founded in 1999 by sister company Diamond Comics Distributors to create collectibles for children and adults, and has since licensed a variety of pop culture properties, including Marvel Comics, Star Wars, Star Trek, Transformers, Ghostbusters, Halo, G.I. Joe: A Real...

. In 2005, a Kabuki Minimate was released in the Indie Comics Boxset along with Magdalena, Dawn and Witchblade. In 2009, Shocker Toys

Shocker Toys

Shocker Toys is a company that manufactures limited release toys and collectible products based on comic book and cartoon characters, as well as original creations. Founded in 1998, the company is currently run by Geoff Beckett Jr. and Lance Buttiglieri, and is based in Ridgewood, New...

 released a Kabuki figure as part of the first series of its "Indie Spotlight" line.

Reception

Kabuki took part IGN

IGN

IGN is an entertainment website that focuses on video games, films, music and other media. IGN's main website comprises several specialty sites or "channels", each occupying a subdomain and covering a specific area of entertainment...

's Battle of the Comic-Book Babes contest in 2005, losing against Mystique

Mystique (comics)

Mystique is a fictional character associated with the Marvel Comics' franchise X-Men. Originally created by artist David Cockrum and writer Chris Claremont, she first appeared in Ms...

.