Kaitsepolitseiamet
Encyclopedia
The Estonian Security Police is a central national security
institution of Republic of Estonia. Its purposes are centered around enforcing constitutional order. The Estonian Security Police has primary investigative jurisdiction in some offences committed by state officials; countering terrorism
; incitement to hatred; crimes against humanity and peace, including war crimes; illegal handling and trafficking of firearms, ammunition, explosives, radioactive material or other strategic materials; and the protection of state secrets. It also fills counterintelligence duties.
The Estonian Security Police is administered as an agency of the Estonian Ministry of Internal Affairs.
While a lot of Estonian Security Police's activities are classified, its overview of the status of national security is published yearly as the Kaitsepolitsei aastaraamat.
When the Soviet Union
annexed Estonia on June 17, 1940 the PolPol was one of the first institutions which was practically in corpore repressed - almost all of its employees were deported in course of June deportation
s; before the end of the World War II more than 90% of the PolPol employees and their families were killed.
According to an Amnesty International report from 2009: "In June, the Estonian Security Police Board published its annual report which made serious allegations against the Legal Information Centre for Human Rights
(LICHR), an NGO promoting and defending the rights of those belonging to linguistic minorities. The report stated that the LICHR was used by the Russian Federation to carry out scientific research for propaganda purposes, and accused the LICHR of trying to conceal the specific sources of funding it received from the Russian Federation. These allegations were widely seen as an attempt by the government to misrepresent the LICHR and to undermine its attempts to secure the necessary financial and social support to carry out its work."
Criticism against the Estonian Security Police has been presented by Risto Teinonen, a Finnish
lawyer and neo-Nazi living in Tallinn. In 2009, Teinonen launched criminal proceedings against the Estonian Security Police in a Tallinn court, accusing the organization of politically motivated persecution of innocent people.
National security
National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of economic, diplomacy, power projection and political power. The concept developed mostly in the United States of America after World War II...
institution of Republic of Estonia. Its purposes are centered around enforcing constitutional order. The Estonian Security Police has primary investigative jurisdiction in some offences committed by state officials; countering terrorism
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
; incitement to hatred; crimes against humanity and peace, including war crimes; illegal handling and trafficking of firearms, ammunition, explosives, radioactive material or other strategic materials; and the protection of state secrets. It also fills counterintelligence duties.
The Estonian Security Police is administered as an agency of the Estonian Ministry of Internal Affairs.
While a lot of Estonian Security Police's activities are classified, its overview of the status of national security is published yearly as the Kaitsepolitsei aastaraamat.
History
Kaitsepolitseiamet was first established on April 12, 1920. From 1925 to 1940 the institution was known as Poliitiline politsei (abbreviated PolPol). The PolPol fought against subversive activities of political extremists, espionage, desertion, smuggling and terrorism. The most discussed targets were the Estonian communists whose party had been declared an illegal organisation following the failed December coup, forcing them to operate clandestinely and through various legal fronts, usually as workers' organisations. Communists were supported by the Soviet Union, who had publicly accepted the principles not recognizing the parliamentary order, seeing terrorism as a legitimate activity. Similarly, the PolPol surveyed pro-Nazi oriented Baltic Germans and extreme monarchists of the White Russian emigres.When the Soviet Union
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
annexed Estonia on June 17, 1940 the PolPol was one of the first institutions which was practically in corpore repressed - almost all of its employees were deported in course of June deportation
June deportation
June deportation was the first in the series of mass Soviet deportations of tens of thousands of people from the Baltic states, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova starting June 14, 1941 that followed the occupation and annexation of the Baltic states. The procedure for deporting the "anti-Soviet...
s; before the end of the World War II more than 90% of the PolPol employees and their families were killed.
Re-establishment
The Estonian Security Police was reestablished on March 1, 1991, as a part of restoration of Estonian independence from the Soviet occupation. Until June 18, 1993, the Estonian Security Police was a department of the central police structure; then, it was reorganised as a distinct entity. Following adoption of a new law of security services on March 1, 2001, the status of the Estonian Security Police was reclassified from a police institution to a security service.According to an Amnesty International report from 2009: "In June, the Estonian Security Police Board published its annual report which made serious allegations against the Legal Information Centre for Human Rights
Legal Information Centre for Human Rights
Legal Information Centre for Human Rights is a non-governmental organisation based in Estonia. It participates at the EU FRA's Fundamental Rights Platform and is FRA's RAXEN focus group for Estonia, AEDH and ENAR as well as supports UNITED network....
(LICHR), an NGO promoting and defending the rights of those belonging to linguistic minorities. The report stated that the LICHR was used by the Russian Federation to carry out scientific research for propaganda purposes, and accused the LICHR of trying to conceal the specific sources of funding it received from the Russian Federation. These allegations were widely seen as an attempt by the government to misrepresent the LICHR and to undermine its attempts to secure the necessary financial and social support to carry out its work."
Criticism against the Estonian Security Police has been presented by Risto Teinonen, a Finnish
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...
lawyer and neo-Nazi living in Tallinn. In 2009, Teinonen launched criminal proceedings against the Estonian Security Police in a Tallinn court, accusing the organization of politically motivated persecution of innocent people.