Kalanaur
Encyclopedia
Kalanaur is a town and a nagar panchayat
in Gurdaspur district
in the India
n state
of Punjab
.
of India, Kalanaur has a population of 12,915. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Those under 6 years of age constitute 13% of the population. The average literacy rate is 65%, which is higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is at 69%, and female literacy at 61%. Kalanaur houses a women's college.There is a famous Lord "SHIVA"Temple and Baba LAL JI Temple.There is a Govt.Senior Secondary School and D.A.V.High School,And ITI ,There is also a LAHORI GATE.There is also a KALANAUR PUBLIC SCHOOL.
city, on the banks of the Kiran, a minor rivulet that merges into the Ravi river
.
According to Imperial Gazetteer of India, Kalanaur was founded by two Muslim brothers named Kala and Noor. According to the historian Mohammad Latif, the town was founded by the Noor tribe of Rajput
s who probably migrated from South India
. It is also possible that the town took its name from the Kaleshwar temple, consecrated to Shiva
, which stands within a local fort.
The history is incomplete if without authentication. Kalanaur existed much before 13th century. It is probably late 7th or early 8th century that Raja Nakay Rao established its rule over the territory. Later, the Raja of Kalanaur Raja Saheb Rao Sena was one of the 150 Rajas who had participated in both the battles of 1191 & 1192 at Tarain (Thanessar) alongside Prithviraj Chauhan against Mohammad Ghour. He adopted religion of Islam after the defeat and Prithviraj Chauhan was captured and killed by Mohammad Ghour under captivity. They migrated to the hills near Peer Panchaal after becoming Muslims as other Rajput broke relations with this family. To elaborate further:
Emperor Janamejaya (Sanskrit: जनमेजय) was the son of Maharaja Parikshit and great-grandson of Arjuna the valiant warrior hero of the Mahabharata epic. He took up the Kuru throne following the death of father. His significance comes as the listener of the first narration of the Mahabharata, narrated by Vaishampayana, student of Vyasa.
Emperor Janamejaya's younger brother, Prince Kakshasena established a separate independent kingdom at Indraprastha, which later rose to become a dominant force in its own right.[1]
With the passage of time, the Bactrian and Scythian invasions of Northern India, Emperor Janamejaya’s youngest brother Raja Nakay Rao established a kingdom at Kalanaur in Northern Punjab establishing the first capital of the his Dynasty. Modern day political boundaries today locates Kalanaur City in the district of Rohtak in Haryana, India. The very name Jarral was named after their apical ancestor, Raja Jir Rao, a Rajput direct descendant of Emperor Janamejaya and the Pandavas of the Mahabharata. Meaning by this Rajput Dynasty started calling itself Jarral Rajput somewhere in the 8th century.
During the 14th-16th centuries, Kalanaur was a major urban centre and several historical events are associated with the town. Firuz Shah Tughluq
(1352–88) built a beautiful palace on the banks of the Kiran rivulet. During the reign of Sayyad Mubarak Shah (1421–35), Kalanaur was ruled by the Khokhar tribe. In February 1556, Mughal Emperor Akbar, was enthroned in a garden near the Kalanaur by Bairam Khan
. The masonry platform, where he was crowned can be visited even today, as can a mosque that was built during the his reign .
During a period of anarchy in latter half of the 18th century, the Kanhaiya Misl
, a militia under Sardar Haqeeqat Singh Kanhaiya, occupied Kalanaur. His son Jaimal Singh extended his territory up to Fatehgarh Churian and shifted his residence there. Jaimal Singh’s daughter Chand Kaur was married to Kharak Singh, eldest son and heir of Ranjit Singh
, in 1812. Later, when the area was annexed by Ranjit Singh, he granted it to Kharak Singh. It was later granted in fief to one Diwan Dina Nath, and was finally annexed into British India after the death of Dina Nath in 1857.There is also a ITI
should see Kalanaur."
The town houses a famous temple of Lord Shiva. The Shivalingam enshrined in the temple is in horizontal form and bound with the ground, with the sanctum sanctorum above it. An annual three-day fair coinciding with the Shivaratri festival is held in the vicinity of the temple. Free kitchens are organised and thousands of devotees come to pay obeisance to the lord. The Gurudwara Banda Bahadur, built on the site of a well excavated by order of Banda Bahadur
, is another landmark of the town. There is also a temple of Shiva,
Nagar Panchayat
A nagar palika or nagar panchayat is a form of an urban political unit in India comparable to a municipality.An urban centre with more than 30,000 and less than 100,000 inhabitants is classified as a nagar panchayat....
in Gurdaspur district
Gurdaspur District
Gurdaspur district is a district in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India. Gurdaspur is the district headquarters. It internationally borders Narowal District of the Pakistani Punjab, Kathua District of Jammu and Kashmir, the Punjab districts of Amritsar and...
in the India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n state
States and territories of India
India is a federal union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. The states and territories are further subdivided into districts and so on.-List of states and territories:...
of Punjab
Punjab (India)
Punjab ) is a state in the northwest of the Republic of India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest as well as the Pakistani province of Punjab to the...
.
Demographics
As per the 2001 censusCensus
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
of India, Kalanaur has a population of 12,915. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Those under 6 years of age constitute 13% of the population. The average literacy rate is 65%, which is higher than the national average of 59.5%. Male literacy is at 69%, and female literacy at 61%. Kalanaur houses a women's college.There is a famous Lord "SHIVA"Temple and Baba LAL JI Temple.There is a Govt.Senior Secondary School and D.A.V.High School,And ITI ,There is also a LAHORI GATE.There is also a KALANAUR PUBLIC SCHOOL.
Geography
Kalanaur is located at 32.02°N 75.15°E. It has an average elevation of 243 metres (797 feet). The town is situated about 25 km to the west of GurdaspurGurdaspur
Gurdaspur is a city in the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India. It is located in the center of and is the administrative head of Gurdaspur District. It was the location of a fort which was famous for the siege it sustained in 1712 from the Mughals...
city, on the banks of the Kiran, a minor rivulet that merges into the Ravi river
Ravi River
The Ravi is a trans-boundary river flowing through Northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is one of the six rivers of the Indus System in Punjab region ....
.
History
Mohiudin Rao Advocate...Haroon Abad...Punjab... PAKISTAN.According to Imperial Gazetteer of India, Kalanaur was founded by two Muslim brothers named Kala and Noor. According to the historian Mohammad Latif, the town was founded by the Noor tribe of Rajput
Rajput
A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. Rajputs are descendants of one of the major ruling warrior classes in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India...
s who probably migrated from South India
South India
South India is the area encompassing India's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Pondicherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area...
. It is also possible that the town took its name from the Kaleshwar temple, consecrated to Shiva
Shiva
Shiva is a major Hindu deity, and is the destroyer god or transformer among the Trimurti, the Hindu Trinity of the primary aspects of the divine. God Shiva is a yogi who has notice of everything that happens in the world and is the main aspect of life. Yet one with great power lives a life of a...
, which stands within a local fort.
The history is incomplete if without authentication. Kalanaur existed much before 13th century. It is probably late 7th or early 8th century that Raja Nakay Rao established its rule over the territory. Later, the Raja of Kalanaur Raja Saheb Rao Sena was one of the 150 Rajas who had participated in both the battles of 1191 & 1192 at Tarain (Thanessar) alongside Prithviraj Chauhan against Mohammad Ghour. He adopted religion of Islam after the defeat and Prithviraj Chauhan was captured and killed by Mohammad Ghour under captivity. They migrated to the hills near Peer Panchaal after becoming Muslims as other Rajput broke relations with this family. To elaborate further:
Emperor Janamejaya (Sanskrit: जनमेजय) was the son of Maharaja Parikshit and great-grandson of Arjuna the valiant warrior hero of the Mahabharata epic. He took up the Kuru throne following the death of father. His significance comes as the listener of the first narration of the Mahabharata, narrated by Vaishampayana, student of Vyasa.
Emperor Janamejaya's younger brother, Prince Kakshasena established a separate independent kingdom at Indraprastha, which later rose to become a dominant force in its own right.[1]
With the passage of time, the Bactrian and Scythian invasions of Northern India, Emperor Janamejaya’s youngest brother Raja Nakay Rao established a kingdom at Kalanaur in Northern Punjab establishing the first capital of the his Dynasty. Modern day political boundaries today locates Kalanaur City in the district of Rohtak in Haryana, India. The very name Jarral was named after their apical ancestor, Raja Jir Rao, a Rajput direct descendant of Emperor Janamejaya and the Pandavas of the Mahabharata. Meaning by this Rajput Dynasty started calling itself Jarral Rajput somewhere in the 8th century.
During the 14th-16th centuries, Kalanaur was a major urban centre and several historical events are associated with the town. Firuz Shah Tughluq
Firuz Shah Tughluq
-External links:*...
(1352–88) built a beautiful palace on the banks of the Kiran rivulet. During the reign of Sayyad Mubarak Shah (1421–35), Kalanaur was ruled by the Khokhar tribe. In February 1556, Mughal Emperor Akbar, was enthroned in a garden near the Kalanaur by Bairam Khan
Bairam Khan
Bairam Khan also Bayram Khan was a important military commander, general of the Mughal army, a powerful statesman and regent at the court of the Mughal emperors Humayun and Akbar.-Background:...
. The masonry platform, where he was crowned can be visited even today, as can a mosque that was built during the his reign .
During a period of anarchy in latter half of the 18th century, the Kanhaiya Misl
Misl
Misl generally refers to the twelve sovereign states in the Sikh Confederacy. The states formed a commonwealth that was described by Antoine Polier as an "aristocratic republic"...
, a militia under Sardar Haqeeqat Singh Kanhaiya, occupied Kalanaur. His son Jaimal Singh extended his territory up to Fatehgarh Churian and shifted his residence there. Jaimal Singh’s daughter Chand Kaur was married to Kharak Singh, eldest son and heir of Ranjit Singh
Ranjit Singh
Maharaja Ranjit Singh Ji was the first Maharaja of the Sikh Empire.-Early life:...
, in 1812. Later, when the area was annexed by Ranjit Singh, he granted it to Kharak Singh. It was later granted in fief to one Diwan Dina Nath, and was finally annexed into British India after the death of Dina Nath in 1857.There is also a ITI
Culture
Kalanaur was at one time a centre of art, trade and cottage industry. A local saying has it that "a person who has not seen LahoreLahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
should see Kalanaur."
The town houses a famous temple of Lord Shiva. The Shivalingam enshrined in the temple is in horizontal form and bound with the ground, with the sanctum sanctorum above it. An annual three-day fair coinciding with the Shivaratri festival is held in the vicinity of the temple. Free kitchens are organised and thousands of devotees come to pay obeisance to the lord. The Gurudwara Banda Bahadur, built on the site of a well excavated by order of Banda Bahadur
Banda Bahadur
Banda Singh Bahadur was a Sikh warrior and martyr. He became part of struggle against the Mughal Empire in the early 18th century, after meeting Guru Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh gave him the new name of Banda Singh Bahadur...
, is another landmark of the town. There is also a temple of Shiva,