Karl Bogislaus Reichert
Encyclopedia
Karl Bogislaus Reichert (December 20, 1811 – December 21, 1883) was a German
anatomist.
Reichert was born in Rastenburg (Kętrzyn)
, East Prussia
. He studied etiology
and histology
in Königsberg
. He was a student of Friedrich Schlemm
and Johannes Peter Müller
at the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Institute and at the Charité
in Berlin
, receiving his doctorate in 1836. Reichert taught at the universities of Dorpat
(since 1843), Breslau (since 1853), and Berlin
(since 1858), where he died.
Reichert is remembered for his work in embryology
, his pioneer research in cell theory
, and his anatomical studies of the brain
and inner ear
. With Ernst Gaupp
he was co-architect of the Reichert–Gaupp theory concerning the origin of mammalian ossicles
of the ear
. His name is lent to the eponymous Reichert's cartilage, which is a cartilage
in the mesenchyme
of the second branchial arch in the embryo
from which develop the styloid process
es, the stylohyoid ligament
s, and the lesser cornu
of the hyoid bone
.
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
anatomist.
Reichert was born in Rastenburg (Kętrzyn)
Ketrzyn
Kętrzyn , is a town in northeastern Poland with 28,351 inhabitants . Situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship , Kętrzyn was previously in Olsztyn Voivodeship . It is the capital of Kętrzyn County...
, East Prussia
East Prussia
East Prussia is the main part of the region of Prussia along the southeastern Baltic Coast from the 13th century to the end of World War II in May 1945. From 1772–1829 and 1878–1945, the Province of East Prussia was part of the German state of Prussia. The capital city was Königsberg.East Prussia...
. He studied etiology
Etiology
Etiology is the study of causation, or origination. The word is derived from the Greek , aitiologia, "giving a reason for" ....
and histology
Histology
Histology is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals. It is performed by examining cells and tissues commonly by sectioning and staining; followed by examination under a light microscope or electron microscope...
in Königsberg
University of Königsberg
The University of Königsberg was the university of Königsberg in East Prussia. It was founded in 1544 as second Protestant academy by Duke Albert of Prussia, and was commonly known as the Albertina....
. He was a student of Friedrich Schlemm
Friedrich Schlemm
Friedrich Schlemm was a German anatomist who was professor at the University of Berlin.He was born in Salzgitter. As his family could not afford higher education, he was apprenticed to a barber-surgeon in Braunschweig. This gave him the opportunity to study anatomy and surgery at the local...
and Johannes Peter Müller
Johannes Peter Müller
Johannes Peter Müller , was a German physiologist, comparative anatomist, and ichthyologist not only known for his discoveries but also for his ability to synthesize knowledge.-Early years and education:...
at the Friedrich-Wilhelm-Institute and at the Charité
Charité
The Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin is the medical school for both the Humboldt University and the Free University of Berlin. After the merger with their fourth campus in 2003, the Charité is one of the largest university hospitals in Europe....
in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, receiving his doctorate in 1836. Reichert taught at the universities of Dorpat
University of Tartu
The University of Tartu is a classical university in the city of Tartu, Estonia. University of Tartu is the national university of Estonia; it is the biggest and highest-ranked university in Estonia...
(since 1843), Breslau (since 1853), and Berlin
Humboldt University of Berlin
The Humboldt University of Berlin is Berlin's oldest university, founded in 1810 as the University of Berlin by the liberal Prussian educational reformer and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt, whose university model has strongly influenced other European and Western universities...
(since 1858), where he died.
Reichert is remembered for his work in embryology
Embryology
Embryology is a science which is about the development of an embryo from the fertilization of the ovum to the fetus stage...
, his pioneer research in cell theory
Cell theory
Cell theory refers to the idea that cells are the basic unit of structure in every living thing. Development of this theory during the mid 17th century was made possible by advances in microscopy. This theory is one of the foundations of biology...
, and his anatomical studies of the brain
Brain
The brain is the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals—only a few primitive invertebrates such as sponges, jellyfish, sea squirts and starfishes do not have one. It is located in the head, usually close to primary sensory apparatus such as vision, hearing,...
and inner ear
Inner ear
The inner ear is the innermost part of the vertebrate ear. In mammals, it consists of the bony labyrinth, a hollow cavity in the temporal bone of the skull with a system of passages comprising two main functional parts:...
. With Ernst Gaupp
Ernst Gaupp
Ernst Wilhelm Theodor Gaupp was a German anatomist from Beuthen in Upper Silesia . He studied natural sciences and medicine in Jena, Königsberg and Breslau, where he received his doctorate in 1889...
he was co-architect of the Reichert–Gaupp theory concerning the origin of mammalian ossicles
Ossicles
The ossicles are the three smallest bones in the human body. They are contained within the middle ear space and serve to transmit sounds from the air to the fluid-filled labyrinth . The absence of the auditory ossicles would constitute a moderate-to-severe hearing loss...
of the ear
Ear
The ear is the organ that detects sound. It not only receives sound, but also aids in balance and body position. The ear is part of the auditory system....
. His name is lent to the eponymous Reichert's cartilage, which is a cartilage
Cartilage
Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in many areas in the bodies of humans and other animals, including the joints between bones, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the intervertebral discs...
in the mesenchyme
Mesenchyme
Mesenchyme, or mesenchymal connective tissue, is a type of undifferentiated loose connective tissue that is derived mostly from mesoderm, although some are derived from other germ layers; e.g. some mesenchyme is derived from neural crest cells and thus originates from the ectoderm...
of the second branchial arch in the embryo
Embryo
An embryo is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination...
from which develop the styloid process
Styloid process
In anatomy, a styloid process , usually serving as points of attachment for muscles, refers to the slender, pointed process of :* temporal bone of the skull - Temporal styloid process...
es, the stylohyoid ligament
Stylohyoid ligament
In connection with the stylohyoideus muscle a ligamentous band, the stylohyoid ligament, may be described.It is a fibrous cord, which is attached to the tip of the styloid process of the temporal bone and the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone....
s, and the lesser cornu
Lesser cornu
The lesser cornua are two small, conical eminences, attached by their bases to the angles of junction between the body and greater cornua of the hyoid bone....
of the hyoid bone
Hyoid bone
The hyoid bone is a horseshoe-shaped bone situated in the anterior midline of the neck between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. At rest, it lies at the level of the base of the mandible in the front and the third cervical vertebra behind.Unlike other bones, the hyoid is only distantly...
.
Literary works
- De embryonum arcubus sic dictis branchialibus. Berlin, 1836
- Ueber die Visceralbogen der Wirbelthiere im Allgemeinen und deren Metamorphosen bei den Vögeln und Säugethieren. Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin: 120-222, 1837
- Das Entwicklungsleben im Wirbelthierreiche. 1840, Berlin
- Beiträge zur Kenntniss des Zustandes der heutigen Entwicklungsgeschichte. 1843, Berlin
- Der Bau des menschlichen Gehirns. 1859-1861, Leipzig
External links
- http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per342 (English)
- http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/search;jsessionid=B7FBAC129B2706CA77F673B8EF7E0C63.one?q=su%3AReichert%2C+su%3AKarl+su%3ABogislavs%2C&qt=hot_subject (references)