Karlshorst
Encyclopedia
Karlshorst is a locality in the borough of Lichtenberg
in Berlin
. It houses a harness racing
track and the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW), the largest University of Applied Sciences
in Berlin, and the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst
.
Established in 1895 as the Carlshorst mansion's colony, Karlshorst from 1901 had access to the railway line from Berlin to Breslau (today Wrocław) and developed to a quite affluent residential area, sometimes referred to as "Dahlem
of the East". The locality encompasses the Waldsiedlung, a garden city
laid out between 1919 and 1921 according to plans by Peter Behrens
.
In April 1945, as the Red Army
approached the Reich's capital, Marshal Georgy Zhukov
, commander of the 1st Belorussian Front
, established his headquarters at a former Wehrmacht
officer's mess hall in Karlshorst, where on May 9, the unconditional surrender
of the German forces was presented to Zhukov by Colonel-General Hans-Jürgen Stumpff
as the representative of the Luftwaffe
, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel
as Chief of Staff of OKW, and Admiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
as Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine
.
From 1945 to 1949 the building complex served as the headquarters
of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany
. After the establishment of the German Democratic Republic it hosted the Command of the Soviet
forces in East Germany until the last Russian soldiers left Karlshorst in 1994. Quite appropriately the former headquarters has been made the home of the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (Deutsch-Russisches Museum Berlin-Karlshorst) http://www.museum-karlshorst.de/.
network at Berlin-Karlshorst railway station, which is also served by RegionalExpress
trains of the Deutsche Bahn
.
The engineer Georg Knorr
is buried at the Karlshorst cemetery.
Lichtenberg
Lichtenberg is the eleventh borough of Berlin, Germany. In Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it absorbed the former borough of Hohenschönhausen.-Overview:...
in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
. It houses a harness racing
Harness racing
Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait . They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a sulky, although racing under saddle is also conducted in Europe.-Breeds:...
track and the Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin (HTW), the largest University of Applied Sciences
Fachhochschule
A Fachhochschule or University of Applied Sciences is a German type of tertiary education institution, sometimes specialized in certain topical areas . Fachhochschulen were founded in Germany and later adopted by Austria, Liechtenstein, Switzerland and Greece...
in Berlin, and the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst
German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst
The German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst is dedicated to German-Soviet and German-Russian relations with a focus on the German-Soviet war 1941-1945.- The museum building :...
.
History
Dahlem (Berlin)
Dahlem is a locality of the Steglitz-Zehlendorf borough in southwestern Berlin. Until Berlin's 2001 administrative reform it was a part of the former borough of Zehlendorf. Dahlem is one of the most affluent parts of the city and home to the main campus of the Free University of Berlin with the...
of the East". The locality encompasses the Waldsiedlung, a garden city
Garden city movement
The garden city movement is a method of urban planning that was initiated in 1898 by Sir Ebenezer Howard in the United Kingdom. Garden cities were intended to be planned, self-contained communities surrounded by "greenbelts" , containing proportionate areas of residences, industry and...
laid out between 1919 and 1921 according to plans by Peter Behrens
Peter Behrens
Peter Behrens was a German architect and designer. He was important for the modernist movement, as several of the movements leading names worked for him when they were young.-Biography:Behrens attended the Christianeum Hamburg from September 1877 until Easter 1882...
.
In April 1945, as the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
approached the Reich's capital, Marshal Georgy Zhukov
Georgy Zhukov
Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov , was a Russian career officer in the Red Army who, in the course of World War II, played a pivotal role in leading the Red Army through much of Eastern Europe to liberate the Soviet Union and other nations from the Axis Powers' occupation...
, commander of the 1st Belorussian Front
1st Belorussian Front
The 1st Belorussian Front was a Front of the Soviet Army during World War II...
, established his headquarters at a former Wehrmacht
Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
officer's mess hall in Karlshorst, where on May 9, the unconditional surrender
Unconditional surrender
Unconditional surrender is a surrender without conditions, in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering party. In modern times unconditional surrenders most often include guarantees provided by international law. Announcing that only unconditional surrender is acceptable puts psychological...
of the German forces was presented to Zhukov by Colonel-General Hans-Jürgen Stumpff
Hans-Jürgen Stumpff
Hans-Jürgen Stumpff , was a German general of the Luftwaffe during the Second World War.-Early life:Born in Kolberg, Stumpff entered the Brandenburgisches Grenadierregiment Nr. 12 "Prinz Karl von Preußen" as an ensign in 1907. Promoted to lieutenant in 1908, by the start of the First World War,...
as the representative of the Luftwaffe
Luftwaffe
Luftwaffe is a generic German term for an air force. It is also the official name for two of the four historic German air forces, the Wehrmacht air arm founded in 1935 and disbanded in 1946; and the current Bundeswehr air arm founded in 1956....
, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel
Wilhelm Keitel
Wilhelm Bodewin Gustav Keitel was a German field marshal . As head of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht and de facto war minister, he was one of Germany's most senior military leaders during World War II...
as Chief of Staff of OKW, and Admiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
Hans-Georg von Friedeburg
Hans-Georg von Friedeburg was the deputy commander of the U-Boat Forces of Nazi Germany and the last Commanding Admiral of the Kriegsmarine....
as Commander-in-Chief of the Kriegsmarine
Kriegsmarine
The Kriegsmarine was the name of the German Navy during the Nazi regime . It superseded the Kaiserliche Marine of World War I and the post-war Reichsmarine. The Kriegsmarine was one of three official branches of the Wehrmacht, the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany.The Kriegsmarine grew rapidly...
.
From 1945 to 1949 the building complex served as the headquarters
Headquarters
Headquarters denotes the location where most, if not all, of the important functions of an organization are coordinated. In the United States, the corporate headquarters represents the entity at the center or the top of a corporation taking full responsibility managing all business activities...
of the Soviet Military Administration in Germany
Soviet Military Administration in Germany
The Soviet Military Administration in Germany was the Soviet military government, headquartered in Berlin-Karlshorst, that directly ruled the Soviet occupation zone of Germany from the German surrender in May 1945 until after the establishment of the German Democratic Republic in October...
. After the establishment of the German Democratic Republic it hosted the Command of the Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
forces in East Germany until the last Russian soldiers left Karlshorst in 1994. Quite appropriately the former headquarters has been made the home of the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst (Deutsch-Russisches Museum Berlin-Karlshorst) http://www.museum-karlshorst.de/.
Transportation
Karlshorst has access to the Berlin S-BahnBerlin S-Bahn
The Berlin S-Bahn is a rapid transit system in and around Berlin, the capital city of Germany. It consists of 15 lines and is integrated with the mostly underground U-Bahn to form the backbone of Berlin's rapid transport system...
network at Berlin-Karlshorst railway station, which is also served by RegionalExpress
RegionalExpress
The term Regional-Express denotes a type of regional train in Germany and Austria .It is best compared to a semi-fast train, as it calls at fewer stations than Regionalbahn or S-Bahn trains, but stops more often than InterCity services...
trains of the Deutsche Bahn
Deutsche Bahn
Deutsche Bahn AG is the German national railway company, a private joint stock company . Headquartered in Berlin, it came into existence in 1994 as the successor to the former state railways of Germany, the Deutsche Bundesbahn of West Germany and the Deutsche Reichsbahn of East Germany...
.
Born in Karlshorst
- Joachim FestJoachim FestJoachim Clemens Fest was a German historian, journalist, critic and editor, best known for his writings and public commentary on Nazi Germany, including an important biography of Adolf Hitler and books about Albert Speer and the German Resistance...
, editor, born December 8, 1926, Hentigstraße 13, died September 11, 2006 in Kronberg im TaunusKronberg im TaunusKronberg im Taunus is a town in the Hochtaunuskreis district, Hesse, Germany. Before 1866, it was in the Duchy of Nassau; in that year the whole Duchy was absorbed into Prussia. Kronberg lies at the foot of the Taunus, flanked in the north and southwest by forests...
Dwelt in Karlshorst
- Max BeerMax BeerMax Beer was an Austrian-German Marxist historian.Beer was born in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, and came to Germany in 1889 where he became editor of a Socialist paper. He moved to Great Britain in 1894 and lived there for many years...
, historian, Gundelfinger Straße 47 - Hans BellmerHans BellmerHans Bellmer was a German artist, best known for the life-sized pubescent female dolls he produced in the mid-1930s. Historians of art and photography also consider him a Surrealist photographer.-Biography:...
, photographer, Ehrenfelsstraße 8 - HansHans CoppiHans Coppi was a German Red Orchestra resistance fighter against the Third Reich.- Life before World War II :...
and Hilde CoppiHilde CoppiHilde Coppi was a German resistance fighter against the Third Reich. Together with her husband Hans Coppi, she belonged to the Red Orchestra .- Life :...
, resistance fighters, Römerweg - Hedwig Courths-MahlerHedwig Courths-MahlerHedwig Courths-Mahler [he:tviç kurts ma:ler], née Ernestine Friederike Elisabeth Mahler was a German writer. She used the pseudonyms Relham, H...
, writer, Dönhoffstraße 11 from 1905 to 1914 - Erich OllenhauerErich OllenhauerErich Ollenhauer was the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany 1952-1963.- Early political career and exile :...
, politician, dwelt in Karlshorst, Trautenauer Straße 6 - August StrammAugust StrammAugust Stramm was a German poet and playwright who is considered one of the first of the expressionists. He also served in the German Army and was killed in action during World War I....
, poet, Lehndorffstraße 16 - Ernst TorglerErnst TorglerErnst Torgler was a controversial member of the Communist Party of Germany prior to World War II and a defendant in the Reichstag Fire Trial.-Biography:...
, politician, Liepnitzstraße 46 - Max WertheimerMax Wertheimer- External links :* * * * *...
, psychologist, Ehrlichstraße 31
The engineer Georg Knorr
Georg Knorr
Theodor Georg Knorr , was an engineer and entrepreneur on the field of railroad technology and founder of the company Knorr-Bremse...
is buried at the Karlshorst cemetery.
External links
- http://www.karlshorst.de/ - official site
- http://www.karlshorst-info.de/ - information about Karlshorst
- http://www.treskowallee.de/ - information about Karlshorst
- http://www.museum-karlshorst.de/ - German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst
- http://www.fckarlshorst.de/ - official site of FC Karlshorst 1995