Kashmiri literature
Encyclopedia
Kashmir
i literature has a history of at least 2,500 years, going back to its glory days of Sanskrit
. Early names include Patanjali
, the author of the Mahabhashya commentary on Pāṇini's grammar, suggested by some to have been the same to write the Hindu
treatise known as the Yogasutra, and Dridhbala, who revised the Charaka Samhita
of Ayurveda
.
In medieval times the great Kashmir Valley School of Art, Culture and Philosophy Kashmir Shaivism arose. Its great masters include Vasugupta (c. 800), Utpala (c. 925), Abhinavagupta
and Kshemaraja
. In the theory of aesthetics one can list the Anandavardhana
and Abhinavagupta
. Many generations later, in our modern times, a new lease of life given, to same "school of thought" was given by Swami Lakshman Joo
of Ishbher/Gupta Ganga, Srinagar, India.
The use of the Kashmiri language began with the poet Lalleshvari or Lal Ded (14th century), who wrote mystical verses. Another mystic of her time equally revered in Kashmir and popularly known as Nunda Reshi wrote powerful poetry like his senior Lal Ded. Later, came Habba Khatun
(16th century) with her lol style. Other major names are Rupa Bhavani
(1621–1721), Arnimal
(d. 1800), Mahmud Gami
(1765–1855), Rasul Mir
(d. 1870), Paramananda (1791–1864), Maqbool Shah Kralawari (1820–1976). Also the Sufi poets like Shamas Fakir, Wahab Khar, Soch Kral, Samad Mir, and Ahad Zargar. Among modern poets are Ghulam Ahmad Mahjur (1885–1952), Abdul Ahad Azad
(1903–1948), and Zinda Kaul
(1884–1965).
During 1950s, a number of well educated youth turned to Kashmiri writing, both poetry and prose, and enriched modern Kashmiri writing by leaps and bounds. Among these writers are Dinanath Nadim
(1916–1988), Rahman Rahi, Ghulam Nabi Firaq, Ali Muhammed Shahbaz, Mushtaq Kashmiri, Amin Kamil
(1923-) http://kamil.neabinternational.org, Ali Mohd Lone, Akhtar Mohiuddin
, Som Nath Zutshi, Muzaffar Aazim , and Sarvanand Kaul 'Premi'. Some later day writers are Hari Krishan Kaul, Majrooh Rashid, Rattanlal Shant, Hirdhey Kaul Bharti, Rafiq Raaz, Tariq Shehraz, Shafi Shauq, Nazir Jahangir, M H Zaffar, Shenaz Rashid,Shabir Ahmad Shabir, Nisar Azam,Javaid Anwar, Shabir Magami,'http://lalded.8k.com, Moti Lal Kemmu (playwright).
Contemporary Kashmiri literature appears in Sheeraza published by the Jammu & Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, Anhar published by the Kashmirri Department of the Kashmir University, and an independent magazine Neab International Kashmiri Magazine -- http://www.neabinternational.org published from Boston,Vaakh an independent publication and Koshur Samachar.
SUYA is a very good creation of Ali Mohmmad Lone.It is a historical drama.Main character of the drama is SUYA.Story of the drama revoloves round the character of Suya the engineer.Story of the dramais as under.A lady sweeper(CHANDAIL) was sweeping.She found a child in a dustbin.The child attracted her motherlly love and she took the child to her home.The child grew upand was named Suya.Suya was admitted to a traditional school where he was taught as per the set system.
Writers in Hindi
Writers in English
See also
Kashmir
Kashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
i literature has a history of at least 2,500 years, going back to its glory days of Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
. Early names include Patanjali
Patañjali
Patañjali is the compiler of the Yoga Sūtras, an important collection of aphorisms on Yoga practice. According to tradition, the same Patañjali was also the author of the Mahābhāṣya, a commentary on Kātyāyana's vārttikas on Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī as well as an unspecified work of medicine .In...
, the author of the Mahabhashya commentary on Pāṇini's grammar, suggested by some to have been the same to write the Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
treatise known as the Yogasutra, and Dridhbala, who revised the Charaka Samhita
Charaka Samhita
The ' is an early Ayurvedic text on internal medicine. It is believed to be the oldest of the three ancient treatises of Ayurveda...
of Ayurveda
Ayurveda
Ayurveda or ayurvedic medicine is a system of traditional medicine native to India and a form of alternative medicine. In Sanskrit, words , meaning "longevity", and , meaning "knowledge" or "science". The earliest literature on Indian medical practice appeared during the Vedic period in India,...
.
In medieval times the great Kashmir Valley School of Art, Culture and Philosophy Kashmir Shaivism arose. Its great masters include Vasugupta (c. 800), Utpala (c. 925), Abhinavagupta
Abhinavagupta
Abhinavagupta was one of India's greatest philosophers, mystics and aestheticians. He was also considered an important musician, poet, dramatist, exegete, theologian, and logician - a polymathic personality who exercised strong influences on Indian culture.He was born in the Valley of Kashmir in...
and Kshemaraja
Kshemaraja
Rajanaka Kshemaraja was a philosopher and a disciple of Abhinavagupta. He wrote original works of Kashmir Shaivism including the set of sutras entitled Pratyabhijna Hridayam.-Further reading:...
. In the theory of aesthetics one can list the Anandavardhana
Anandavardhana
Anandavardhana was the author of Dhvanyaloka, a work articulating the philosophy of "aesthetic suggestion". The philosopher Abhinavagupta wrote an important commentary on it.Anandavardhana is credited with creating the dhvani theory...
and Abhinavagupta
Abhinavagupta
Abhinavagupta was one of India's greatest philosophers, mystics and aestheticians. He was also considered an important musician, poet, dramatist, exegete, theologian, and logician - a polymathic personality who exercised strong influences on Indian culture.He was born in the Valley of Kashmir in...
. Many generations later, in our modern times, a new lease of life given, to same "school of thought" was given by Swami Lakshman Joo
Swami Lakshman Joo
Swami Lakshman Joo Raina was a famed mystic and scholar of Kashmir Shaivism. He was known as Lal Sahib by followers and considered by them to be a fully realized saint.- Family :...
of Ishbher/Gupta Ganga, Srinagar, India.
The use of the Kashmiri language began with the poet Lalleshvari or Lal Ded (14th century), who wrote mystical verses. Another mystic of her time equally revered in Kashmir and popularly known as Nunda Reshi wrote powerful poetry like his senior Lal Ded. Later, came Habba Khatun
Habba Khatun
Habba Khatun was a 16th century Muslim poet from the village of Chandrahar of Kashmir. She was born in the small village Chandrahar, and was known under the name Zoon because of her immense beauty until her marriage with Yusuf Shah Chak, who later became ruler of Kashmir, after which she was...
(16th century) with her lol style. Other major names are Rupa Bhavani
Rupa Bhavani
P.Bhavani'very good in vishalinfo was one of the most famous Kashmiri poets of her era who followed in the footsteps of Lalleshwari....
(1621–1721), Arnimal
Arnimal
Arnimal was a leading Kashmiri poetess. According to some scholars, many of the verses attributed to poetess Habba Khatun actually belong to her.-External links:*...
(d. 1800), Mahmud Gami
Mahmud Gami
Mahmud Gami introduced in Kashmiri the Persian forms of the masnavi and ghazal. He was born at Dooru shahabad, a historical town in south kashmir. He is noted for his work Yusuf Zulaikha, a poem which is a major contribution to Kashmiri literature. It is the first and the most popular masnavi in...
(1765–1855), Rasul Mir
Rasul Mir
Rasool Mir was one of the leading Kashmiri poets of the 19th century. Was born in Village Verinag, Duroo Shahabad Anantnag in Jammu and Kashmir State of India...
(d. 1870), Paramananda (1791–1864), Maqbool Shah Kralawari (1820–1976). Also the Sufi poets like Shamas Fakir, Wahab Khar, Soch Kral, Samad Mir, and Ahad Zargar. Among modern poets are Ghulam Ahmad Mahjur (1885–1952), Abdul Ahad Azad
Abdul Ahad Azad
Abdul Ahad Azad was one of the well known Kashmiri poets of his era. He was one of the pioneers of the modernist movement.Azad is often referred to as JOHN KEATS of kashmir. Both Keats and Azad wrote modernist poems and both died in early forties....
(1903–1948), and Zinda Kaul
Zinda Kaul
-External links:*]]...
(1884–1965).
During 1950s, a number of well educated youth turned to Kashmiri writing, both poetry and prose, and enriched modern Kashmiri writing by leaps and bounds. Among these writers are Dinanath Nadim
Dinanath Nadim
Dinanath Nadim was a prominent Kashmiri poet of the 20th century. He was born in Srinagar city and with him began an era of modern Kashmiri poetry. He also virtually led the progressive writers movement in Kashmir. Rooted to the soil of Kashmir, Nadim's language was spoken Kashmiri, though he...
(1916–1988), Rahman Rahi, Ghulam Nabi Firaq, Ali Muhammed Shahbaz, Mushtaq Kashmiri, Amin Kamil
Amin Kamil
Amin Kamil is a major voice in Kashmiri poetry and one of the chief exponents of modern ghazal in the language. His influence is widely accepted by his contemporaries and later generations. Kamil, besides being a poet, has also written short stories and a novel and works of literary criticism. He...
(1923-) http://kamil.neabinternational.org, Ali Mohd Lone, Akhtar Mohiuddin
Akhtar Mohiuddin
Akhtar Mohiuddin , is the head coach of Pakistan national football team. He took over the charge of national team in 2007. Mohiuddin is also coach of Afghan FC....
, Som Nath Zutshi, Muzaffar Aazim , and Sarvanand Kaul 'Premi'. Some later day writers are Hari Krishan Kaul, Majrooh Rashid, Rattanlal Shant, Hirdhey Kaul Bharti, Rafiq Raaz, Tariq Shehraz, Shafi Shauq, Nazir Jahangir, M H Zaffar, Shenaz Rashid,Shabir Ahmad Shabir, Nisar Azam,Javaid Anwar, Shabir Magami,'http://lalded.8k.com, Moti Lal Kemmu (playwright).
Contemporary Kashmiri literature appears in Sheeraza published by the Jammu & Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages, Anhar published by the Kashmirri Department of the Kashmir University, and an independent magazine Neab International Kashmiri Magazine -- http://www.neabinternational.org published from Boston,Vaakh an independent publication and Koshur Samachar.
Kashmiri Drama:-SUYA is a kashmiri drama written by Ali Mohmmad Lone.
Writers in Urdu
- Muhammad IqbalMuhammad IqbalSir Muhammad Iqbal , commonly referred to as Allama Iqbal , was a poet and philosopher born in Sialkot, then in the Punjab Province of British India, now in Pakistan...
, 1877–1938 - Brij Narayan ChakbastBrij Narayan ChakbastBrij Narayan Chakbast, also spelled, Brij Narain Chakbast, was an Urdu poet.- Life :Chakbast was an Urdu poet. He was born in 19 January 1882 in a Kashmiri Pandit family settled in North India in 15th century A.D.. Chakbast was born in Faizabad in 1882...
, 1882–1926 - Saadat Hasan MantoSaadat Hasan MantoSaadat Hassan Manto was a short story writer of the Urdu language. He is best known for his short stories, 'Bu' , 'Khol Do' , 'Thanda Gosht' , and his magnum opus, 'Toba Tek Singh'....
, 1912–1955 - Shaikh Abdullah, 1905–1982
- Allama Mustafa Hussain Ansari, 1945–2006
- Justice Anand Narayan Malla
SUYA is a very good creation of Ali Mohmmad Lone.It is a historical drama.Main character of the drama is SUYA.Story of the drama revoloves round the character of Suya the engineer.Story of the dramais as under.A lady sweeper(CHANDAIL) was sweeping.She found a child in a dustbin.The child attracted her motherlly love and she took the child to her home.The child grew upand was named Suya.Suya was admitted to a traditional school where he was taught as per the set system.
Writers in Hindi
- Amar Nath KakAmar Nath KakAmar Nath Kak was a prominent Kashmiri lawyer and author. His most important books are Hamara Vrittanta and the Gayatri, both written in Hindi. He was the older brother of Kashmiri archaeologist and politician Ram Chandra Kak....
- Chandrakanta (author)Chandrakanta (author)Chandrakanta is a writer, born in Srinagar, India. She has written many novels and stories in the Hindi language including the epic Katha Satisar, which was awarded the Vyas Samman prize in 2005....
- Omkar N. KoulOmkar N. KoulOmkar N. Koul is an Indian linguist. As a researcher, his interests include the areas of linguistics, language education, communications management, and comparative literature. Since the 1970s he has held several academic and administrative positions...
- Rattan Lal Shant
- Hari Krishen Kaul
- Shashi Shekhar Toshkhani
- Bhushan Lal Koul
- Shiban Krishen Raina
Writers in English
Amar Nath Kak
Amar Nath Kak was a prominent Kashmiri lawyer and author. His most important books are Hamara Vrittanta and the Gayatri, both written in Hindi. He was the older brother of Kashmiri archaeologist and politician Ram Chandra Kak....
Chandrakanta (author)
Chandrakanta is a writer, born in Srinagar, India. She has written many novels and stories in the Hindi language including the epic Katha Satisar, which was awarded the Vyas Samman prize in 2005....
Omkar N. Koul
Omkar N. Koul is an Indian linguist. As a researcher, his interests include the areas of linguistics, language education, communications management, and comparative literature. Since the 1970s he has held several academic and administrative positions...
- Jawaharlal NehruJawaharlal NehruJawaharlal Nehru , often referred to with the epithet of Panditji, was an Indian statesman who became the first Prime Minister of independent India and became noted for his “neutralist” policies in foreign affairs. He was also one of the principal leaders of India’s independence movement in the...
- Vijaya Lakshmi PanditVijaya Lakshmi PanditVijaya Lakshmi Nehru Pandit was an Indian diplomat and politician, the sister of Jawaharlal Nehru, the aunt of Indira Gandhi and the great-aunt of Rajiv Gandhi, all of whom served as Prime Minister of India.In 1921 she married Ranjit Sitaram Pandit, who died on 14 January 1944...
- Muneeb A Faiq
- Krishna HutheesingKrishna HutheesingKrishna Nehru Hutheesing was an Indian writer, the youngest sister of Jawaharlal Nehru and Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, and part of the Nehru-Gandhi family.-Biography:...
- Gopi KrishnaGopi KrishnaGopi Krishna of India was a yogi, mystic, teacher, social reformer, and writer. His autobiography is known under the title Kundalini: The Evolutionary Energy in Man....
- Gopinath Raina
- Ram Nath KakRam Nath KakRam Nath Kak was a Kashmiri veterinarian whose autobiography Autumn Leaves is one of the most vivid portraits of life in 20th century Kashmir and has become a sort of a classic...
- Nayantara SahgalNayantara SahgalNayantara Sahgal is an Indian writer in English. Her fiction deals with India's elite responding to the crises engendered by political change; she was one of the first female Indo-Anglian writers to receive wide recognition...
- M.J. Akbar
- Salman Rushdie
- Hari Kunzru
- Lalita Pandit
- Kailas Nath KaulKailas Nath KaulProfessor Kailas Nath Kaul , FLS was an Indian botanist, agronomist, agricultural scientist, horticulturist, herbalist, and naturalist, and a world authority on Arecaceae in the 1950s...
See also
- List of Kashmiri poets
- List of topics on the land and the people of Jammu and Kashmir
- Kashmir ShaivismKashmir ShaivismAmong the various Hindu philosophies, Kashmir Shaivism is a school of Śaivism consisting of Trika and its philosophical articulation Pratyabhijña...
- philosophy gives Kashmir its soul, God is universal, in all equally. - Swami Lakshman JooSwami Lakshman JooSwami Lakshman Joo Raina was a famed mystic and scholar of Kashmir Shaivism. He was known as Lal Sahib by followers and considered by them to be a fully realized saint.- Family :...
Raina, Ishbher. - last original philosopher of the old school, loved all, teacher of all. - KashmiriyatKashmiriyatKashmiriyat is the ethno-national and social consciousness and cultural values of the Kashmiri people. Emerging approximately around the 16th century, it is characterised by religious and cultural harmony, patriotism and pride for their mountainous homeland of Kashmir...
- a socio-cultural ethos of religious harmony and Kashmiri consciousness. - Shehjar e-journal - Online magazine on Kashmir history, literature & politics.