Ken Raymond
Encyclopedia
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
at University of California, Berkeley
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley , is a teaching and research university established in 1868 and located in Berkeley, California, USA...
, the Director of the Seaborg Center in the Chemical Sciences Division at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
The Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory conducting unclassified scientific research. It is located on the grounds of the University of California, Berkeley, in the Berkeley Hills above the central campus...
, and the President and Chairman of Lumiphore.
Early life and education
Raymond was born in Astoria, OregonAstoria, Oregon
Astoria is the county seat of Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. Situated near the mouth of the Columbia River, the city was named after the American investor John Jacob Astor. His American Fur Company founded Fort Astoria at the site in 1811...
and raised in various towns in Oregon. After graduating from Clackamas High School
Clackamas High School
Clackamas High School is a public high school located in Clackamas, Oregon. The school itself was built in 2002, replacing an older, smaller building built in 1957 which is now Alder Creek Middle School, and starting the 2010-2011 school year the campus includes the former building of Sunrise...
in 1959, he spent a year in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
where he worked as a test-driver for Volkswagen
Volkswagen
Volkswagen is a German automobile manufacturer and is the original and biggest-selling marque of the Volkswagen Group, which now also owns the Audi, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, SEAT, and Škoda marques and the truck manufacturer Scania.Volkswagen means "people's car" in German, where it is...
and developed a taste for German culture. He then attended Reed College
Reed College
Reed College is a private, independent, liberal arts college located in southeast Portland, Oregon. Founded in 1908, Reed is a residential college with a campus located in Portland's Eastmoreland neighborhood, featuring architecture based on the Tudor-Gothic style, and a forested canyon wilderness...
in Portland, Oregon
Portland, Oregon
Portland is a city located in the Pacific Northwest, near the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers in the U.S. state of Oregon. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 583,776, making it the 29th most populous city in the United States...
where he majored in Chemistry
Chemistry
Chemistry is the science of matter, especially its chemical reactions, but also its composition, structure and properties. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds....
and earned a Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of Arts
A Bachelor of Arts , from the Latin artium baccalaureus, is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate course or program in either the liberal arts, the sciences, or both...
in 1964. Raymond then attended Northwestern University
Northwestern University
Northwestern University is a private research university in Evanston and Chicago, Illinois, USA. Northwestern has eleven undergraduate, graduate, and professional schools offering 124 undergraduate degrees and 145 graduate and professional degrees....
where he studied coordination chemistry and crystallography
Crystallography
Crystallography is the experimental science of the arrangement of atoms in solids. The word "crystallography" derives from the Greek words crystallon = cold drop / frozen drop, with its meaning extending to all solids with some degree of transparency, and grapho = write.Before the development of...
under Fred Basolo
Fred Basolo
Fred Basolo was an American inorganic chemist. He received his Ph.D. at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1943 with John C. Bailar. Basolo spent his entire professional career at Northwestern University...
, and also worked closely with James A. Ibers, earning his Ph.D.
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...
degree in 1968.
Academic career
Raymond received an appointment to the faculty in the Department of Chemistry at The University of California, Berkeley in 1967 as an assistant professor. He became an associate professor in 1974 and a full professor of chemistry in 1978. Research from the Raymond group has covered a wide range of topics in inorganic chemistryInorganic chemistry
Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds , which are the subjects of organic chemistry...
, including actinide
Actinide
The actinide or actinoid series encompasses the 15 metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers from 89 to 103, actinium through lawrencium.The actinide series derives its name from the group 3 element actinium...
and lanthanide
Lanthanide
The lanthanide or lanthanoid series comprises the fifteen metallic chemical elements with atomic numbers 57 through 71, from lanthanum through lutetium...
chemistry, microbial iron transport and metal-based supramolecular assemblies. At the heart of his research throughout his career is basic interest in metal-ligand specificity as understood through crystallography and solution thermodynamics
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a physical science that studies the effects on material bodies, and on radiation in regions of space, of transfer of heat and of work done on or by the bodies or radiation...
.
Raymond, now a UC Berkeley Chancellor’s Professor and the Director of the Glenn T. Seaborg
Glenn T. Seaborg
Glenn Theodore Seaborg was an American scientist who won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements", contributed to the discovery and isolation of ten elements, and developed the actinide concept, which led to the current arrangement of the...
Center at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, continues to make strides in fundamental research in the fields of metals in biology
Biology
Biology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines...
and physical inorganic chemistry.
Uranocene
One of the first great achievements of Raymond’s independent research career was the determination of the crystal structure of uranoceneUranocene
Uranocene U2 is the most notable cyclooctatetraenide of the f elements and one of the first organouranium compounds to be synthesized. Uranocene is a member of the actinocenes, a group of metallocenes incorporating elements from the actinide series...
(Di-π-cyclooctatetraeneuranium). This structure was a seminal discovery in the study of f-block
F-block
The f-block of the periodic table of the elements consists of those elements whose atoms or ions have valence electrons in f-orbitals. Actual electronic configurations may be slightly different from what is predicted by the Aufbau principle...
sandwich complexes. Since this discovery, the analogous structures of several other f-block metals have been explored (including thorium
Thorium
Thorium is a natural radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 and named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder....
and cerium
Cerium
Cerium is a chemical element with the symbol Ce and atomic number 58. It is a soft, silvery, ductile metal which easily oxidizes in air. Cerium was named after the dwarf planet . Cerium is the most abundant of the rare earth elements, making up about 0.0046% of the Earth's crust by weight...
from the Raymond lab).
Microbial Iron Transport
The study of iron transport systems in microbes and the coordination chemistry of siderophores is one of the longest running projects in the Raymond group. Several generations of students have studied the structures and solution behaviors of some of the most notable siderophores including enterobactinEnterobactin
Enterobactin is a high affinity siderophore that acquires iron for microbial systems. It is primarily found in Gram-negative bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium....
, desferrioxamine B, alcaligin and bacillibactin. Recently, the project has begun to explore siderophore interactions with the innate immune system during bacterial infections. Throughout the years the iron project has continued to thrive and has been said to have “more twists and turns than an Agatha Christie
Agatha Christie
Dame Agatha Christie DBE was a British crime writer of novels, short stories, and plays. She also wrote romances under the name Mary Westmacott, but she is best remembered for her 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections , and her successful West End plays.According to...
novel.” Studies in siderophore structure, and especially ligand specificity, have inspired several other projects in the Raymond group.
Actinide Sequestration
Raymond’s early interest in actinides (including plutoniumPlutonium
Plutonium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the chemical symbol Pu and atomic number 94. It is an actinide metal of silvery-gray appearance that tarnishes when exposed to air, forming a dull coating when oxidized. The element normally exhibits six allotropes and four oxidation...
, uranium
Uranium
Uranium is a silvery-white metallic chemical element in the actinide series of the periodic table, with atomic number 92. It is assigned the chemical symbol U. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons...
and others), along with his expertise with siderophores, has led to the development of actinide decorporation agents. This project is based on a fundamental understanding of coordination chemistry, in order to design ligands that are selective for and support the geometry constraints of these elements.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Efforts toward the development of siderophoreSiderophore
Siderophores are small, high-affinity iron chelating compounds secreted by grasses and microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi...
-inspired gadolinium
Gadolinium
Gadolinium is a chemical element with the symbol Gd and atomic number 64. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile rare-earth metal. It is found in nature only in combined form. Gadolinium was first detected spectroscopically in 1880 by de Marignac who separated its oxide and is credited with...
(III) chelates began in the 1980s and have led to several promising compounds for magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
. These compounds are both more stable and have a higher relaxivity than commercially available compounds and are the subject of several patents. Hexadentate hydroxypyridinone (HOPO) and terephthalamide (TAM) oxygen donor chelators allow high thermodynamic stability of complexes while allowing for 2-3 water molecules to be directly coordinated to the lanthanide. Research has focused on macromolecular conjugation in recent years, including a collaboration with Jean Frechet
Jean Frechet
Professor Jean M.J. Fréchet is the Henry Rapoport Chair of Organic Chemistry at the Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley...
and dendrimers developed in his laboratory.,
Lanthanide Luminescence
Other lanthanide coordination compounds have been developed to serve as luminescent reporters in time-resolved bioassays. As experts in ligandLigand
In coordination chemistry, a ligand is an ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form a coordination complex. The bonding between metal and ligand generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs. The nature of metal-ligand bonding can range from...
design, the Raymond group has been able to develop ligands that optimize the luminescence
Luminescence
Luminescence is emission of light by a substance not resulting from heat; it is thus a form of cold body radiation. It can be caused by chemical reactions, electrical energy, subatomic motions, or stress on a crystal. This distinguishes luminescence from incandescence, which is light emitted by a...
of several lanthanides (particularly terbium
Terbium
Terbium is a chemical element with the symbol Tb and atomic number 65. It is a silvery-white rare earth metal that is malleable, ductile and soft enough to be cut with a knife...
and europium
Europium
Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. It is named after the continent of Europe. It is a moderately hard silvery metal which readily oxidizes in air and water...
), leading to an array of brilliantly emissive complexes. Due to their remarkable properties, these compounds have been commercialized by Lumiphore.
Supramolecular Assemblies
Symmetry
Symmetry generally conveys two primary meanings. The first is an imprecise sense of harmonious or aesthetically pleasing proportionality and balance; such that it reflects beauty or perfection...
. Some of these clusters, including the naphthalene-M4L6 workhorse cluster (see image), have a cavity within the cluster that can encapsulate
Molecular encapsulation
Molecular encapsulation in supramolecular chemistry is the confinement of a guest molecule inside the cavity of a supramolecular host molecule...
a variety of guest molecules. In collaboration with Robert G. Bergman, the unique reaction chemistry of these host-guest assemblies has been explored. Recent work on this project, which led to a paper in Science (journal)
Science (journal)
Science is the academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and is one of the world's top scientific journals....
, has demonstrated unprecedented host-guest reaction rate accelerations reminiscent of enzyme kinetics
Enzyme kinetics
Enzyme kinetics is the study of the chemical reactions that are catalysed by enzymes. In enzyme kinetics, the reaction rate is measured and the effects of varying the conditions of the reaction investigated...
.
Notable Students
- Dr. Seth M. Cohen, Professor of Chemistry at University of California, San DiegoUniversity of California, San DiegoThe University of California, San Diego, commonly known as UCSD or UC San Diego, is a public research university located in the La Jolla neighborhood of San Diego, California, United States...
- Dr. Vy M. Dong, Professor of Chemistry at University of TorontoUniversity of TorontoThe University of Toronto is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated on the grounds that surround Queen's Park. It was founded by royal charter in 1827 as King's College, the first institution of higher learning in Upper Canada...
- Dr. Dorothea Fiedler, Professor of Chemistry at Princeton UniversityPrinceton UniversityPrinceton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution....
- Professor Dr. F. Ekkehardt Hahn, Professor of Chemistry at WWU Münster Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- Dr. Adam R. Johnson, Professor of Chemistry at Harvey Mudd CollegeHarvey Mudd CollegeHarvey Mudd College is a private residential liberal arts college of science, engineering, and mathematics, located in Claremont, California. It is one of the institutions of the contiguous Claremont Colleges, which share adjoining campus grounds....
- Dr. Darren W. Johnson, Professor of Chemistry at University of OregonUniversity of Oregon-Colleges and schools:The University of Oregon is organized into eight schools and colleges—six professional schools and colleges, an Arts and Sciences College and an Honors College.- School of Architecture and Allied Arts :...
- Dr. Valerie C. Pierre, Professor of Chemistry at University of MinnesotaUniversity of MinnesotaThe University of Minnesota, Twin Cities is a public research university located in Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minnesota, United States. It is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system and has the fourth-largest main campus student body in the United States, with 52,557...
- Dr. Vincent L. Pecoraro, Professor of Chemistry at University of MichiganUniversity of MichiganThe University of Michigan is a public research university located in Ann Arbor, Michigan in the United States. It is the state's oldest university and the flagship campus of the University of Michigan...
- Dr. Michael D. Pluth, Professor of Chemistry at University of OregonUniversity of Oregon-Colleges and schools:The University of Oregon is organized into eight schools and colleges—six professional schools and colleges, an Arts and Sciences College and an Honors College.- School of Architecture and Allied Arts :...
- Dr. Eric Werner, Professor of Chemistry at The University of Tampa
Honors
- Alfred P. SloanAlfred P. SloanAlfred Pritchard Sloan, Jr. was an American business executive in the automotive industry. He was a long-time president, chairman, and CEO of General Motors Corporation...
Research Fellow (1971–1973) - Miller Research Professor (1977–1978, 1996, 2004)
- GuggenheimGuggenheimGuggenheim may refer to:* Benjamin Guggenheim* Charles Guggenheim* Davis Guggenheim* Guggenheim Building* Guggenheim family* Guggenheim Fellowship* Guggenheim Museum * Harry Frank Guggenheim* John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation...
Fellow (1980–1981) - Selected as one of the "Technology 100, 1981" by Technology Magazine;
- American Association for the Advancement of ScienceAmerican Association for the Advancement of ScienceThe American Association for the Advancement of Science is an international non-profit organization with the stated goals of promoting cooperation among scientists, defending scientific freedom, encouraging scientific responsibility, and supporting scientific education and science outreach for the...
Fellow (1984) - Department of EnergyUnited States Department of EnergyThe United States Department of Energy is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material...
Ernest O. Lawrence Award (1984) - Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryLawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryThe Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory conducting unclassified scientific research. It is located on the grounds of the University of California, Berkeley, in the Berkeley Hills above the central campus...
Technology Transfer award (1988, 1991) - Humboldt Research Award for Senior U.S. Scientists (1992)
- American Chemical SocietyAmerican Chemical SocietyThe American Chemical Society is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 161,000 members at all degree-levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical...
Alfred BaderAlfred BaderAlfred Bader CBE is a Canadian chemist, businessman and collector of fine art.-Early years:Bader's father's family was of Czech Jewish descent; his mother was a Catholic Hungarian aristocrat. He fled from Austria to England in 1938 to escape Nazi persecution...
Award in Bioinorganic or Bioorganic Chemistry (1994) - Erskine Fellow, University of Canterbury, New Zealand (1997)
- Elected to National Academy of SciencesUnited States National Academy of SciencesThe National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine." As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and...
(1997) - Basolo Medal, Northwestern University (1997)
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Strahlenchemie "Frontiers in Biological Chemistry" Award (1997)
- Elected to the American Academy of Arts and SciencesAmerican Academy of Arts and SciencesThe American Academy of Arts and Sciences is an independent policy research center that conducts multidisciplinary studies of complex and emerging problems. The Academy’s elected members are leaders in the academic disciplines, the arts, business, and public affairs.James Bowdoin, John Adams, and...
(2001) - Reed CollegeReed CollegeReed College is a private, independent, liberal arts college located in southeast Portland, Oregon. Founded in 1908, Reed is a residential college with a campus located in Portland's Eastmoreland neighborhood, featuring architecture based on the Tudor-Gothic style, and a forested canyon wilderness...
Howard Vollum Award (2002) - ACS Auburn Section G. M. Kosolapoff Award (2004)
- Izatt-Christensen Award in Macrocyclic Chemistry (2005)
- Joe L. Franklin Memorial Lectureship (2006)
- Paulo Fasella Lectureship (2006)
- UC Berkeley Chancellor's Professor, (2007–Present).
- ACSAmerican Chemical SocietyThe American Chemical Society is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 161,000 members at all degree-levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical...
award in inorganic chemistryInorganic chemistryInorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds , which are the subjects of organic chemistry...
, sponsored by Aldrich Chemical Co., Inc.Sigma-AldrichSigma-Aldrich Corporation , is a life science and high technology company with over 7,600 employees and operations in 40 countries. Its chemical and biochemical products and kits are used in scientific research, biotechnology, pharmaceutical development, the diagnosis of disease, and as key...
(2008)
Professional Achievements
- United States Editorial Advisor for Springer-Verlag in Chemistry, 1972-1991
- Member, Editorial Boards: Journal of Inorganic and Nuclear Chemistry, 1974-1981
- Inorganic ChemistryInorganic chemistryInorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic compounds. This field covers all chemical compounds except the myriad organic compounds , which are the subjects of organic chemistry...
, 1979-1986, 2002-2004 - Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 1981-current
- Topics in Current Chemistry, 1981-1996
- Accounts of Chemical ResearchAccounts of Chemical ResearchAccounts of Chemical Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal, published since 1968 by the American Chemical Society. ACR is currently indexed/abstracted in: Chemical Abstracts Service , British Library, CABI, EBSCOhost, Proquest, PubMed, SCOPUS, SwetsWise and Web of Science.The current...
, 1982-1988, 2005-2007 - Inorganica Chimica Acta f-Block Elements, 1984-1988
- Advances in Inorganic Chemistry, 1985-2001
- Journal of the American Chemical SocietyJournal of the American Chemical SocietyThe Journal of the American Chemical Society is a weekly peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1879 by the American Chemical Society. The journal has absorbed two other publications in its history, the Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry and the American Chemical Journal...
, 1988-1994 - BioMetals, 1992-current
- Journal of Biological Inorganic ChemistryJournal of Biological Inorganic ChemistryJournal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry is a peer-reviewed scientific journal. It is an official publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry and published by Springer Science+Business Media...
, 1996-2000, 2005-2007 - Topics in Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 1997-2002
- Journal of Supramolecular Chemistry, 1992-2001
- Proceedings of the National Academy of SciencesProceedings of the National Academy of SciencesThe Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, usually referred to as PNAS, is the official journal of the United States National Academy of Sciences...
, 2002- 2003 - Contrast Media & Molecular ImagingContrast Media & Molecular ImagingContrast Media & Molecular Imaging is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons since 2006. It covers the areas of magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy, but also all other in vivo imaging technologies such as x-Ray, PET/CT, etc. The...
, 2006-2009 - Member, boards: "Metallobiochemistry" Study Section of the National Institutes of HealthNational Institutes of HealthThe National Institutes of Health are an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and are the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research. Its science and engineering counterpart is the National Science Foundation...
, 1983-1985 - National Science FoundationNational Science FoundationThe National Science Foundation is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering. Its medical counterpart is the National Institutes of Health...
Advisory Panel in Chemistry 1984-1987 - Board on Chem. Sciences and Technology, National Academy of SciencesUnited States National Academy of SciencesThe National Academy of Sciences is a corporation in the United States whose members serve pro bono as "advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine." As a national academy, new members of the organization are elected annually by current members, based on their distinguished and...
, 1998-2003, Co- Chair, 2000-2003 - Center for Green Materials Chemistry, University of Oregon, 2010-current
- Chair, Inorganic Division, American Chemical SocietyAmerican Chemical SocietyThe American Chemical Society is a scientific society based in the United States that supports scientific inquiry in the field of chemistry. Founded in 1876 at New York University, the ACS currently has more than 161,000 members at all degree-levels and in all fields of chemistry, chemical...
, 1996-1997 - member; “Synthetic and Biological Chemistry A” Study Section of the National Institutes of Health, 2006-2010
- member, Scientific Review Committee, NIH NIAID, 2010
- Cofounder, Lumiphore, Inc., 2001.
- Inorganic Chemistry (journal)Inorganic Chemistry (journal)Inorganic Chemistry is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Chemical Society since 1962. It covers research in all areas of inorganic chemistry...
"Voice of Inorganic Chemistry" speaker for 50th anniversary of the journal
External links
- http://www.cchem.berkeley.edu/knrgrp/home.html
- http://chem.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/raymond/raymond.html
- http://lumiphore.com/