Kendrick Bangs Kellogg
Encyclopedia
Kendrick Bangs Kellogg is an American
architect.
An innovator of organic architecture
, Kellogg built a wide assortment of distinctive buildings. Homes include the Yen House, Wingsweep, the Joshua Tree house, and the Onion House. Public buildings include the Hoshino Wedding Chapel in Japan and Charthouse restaurants.
, named for John Kendrick Bangs
.
Kellogg is related to Frederick Law Olmsted
, "The Father of Landscape Architecture" (of the 1800s), who was a cousin to Kellogg's grandfather. Olmsted's landscape designs were curvilinear and irregular, a significant break from the formal symmetrical patterns of the time, a practice which Kellogg sees himself continuing.
Kellogg studied for five years at San Diego State University
, the University of Colorado
, the University of Southern California
, and the University of California at Berkeley.
In 1955 he met Frank Lloyd Wright
, and the brief meeting provided an inspiration.
Kellogg completed his math and engineering courses and left Berkeley without a degree.
His first design was a house in Mission Beach area of San Diego in 1957.
By 1964, he had obtained his California architectural license and designed and built five residences.
Kellogg's architecture does not fit neatly into the same category as Frank Lloyd Wright, Bruce Goff
, Bart Prince, or other organic architects. Kellogg's architecture is unique to Kellogg.
His work was described as "the Sydney Opera House
meets Stonehenge
."
Like Goff, Wright, and many other architect
s, Kellogg's buildings are studies of layered, segmented, and unfolding space. A big difference between Goff and Kellogg involves the feeling of permanence
and impermanence
in their architecture. Most of Goff 's clients had moderate incomes, so he used inexpensive materials. Thirty years later, some of his art is popping apart.
Kellogg was more fortunate. He worked for people who could afford copper
, well-poured concrete and the best craftsmanship available.
With Goff, part of the excitement is that one feels that the wind could shake the house down, so lightly is the structure tethered to the earth. Kellogg houses feel heavy, firmly connected to their foundations. The beams and radiating members remind people of the stout keels and ribs in ships designed to weather storms. Kellogg's visible interior structure reminds observers of spinal columns that supported the weight of whale
s or dinosaur
s.
Kellogg said, "To realize truly creative architecture you need clients with the vision and imagination to make the most of any site. Great clients are those who allow and architect the latitude to give them what they didn't know they wanted until they have it! They are willing to risk being unique. The Hoshino Wedding Chapel in Japan is a good example, built for a client with a great sense of quality and beauty, and a desire to circumvent the restrictions of society. This much used rock and concrete chapel is a successful and popular example of architecture built for future generations."
He was also a community planner
responsible for instituting, in San Diego, the only planned district ordinance allowing compatible neighborhood character without inhibiting the diversity of any architectural style.
His work was been published in USA, France
, Germany
and Japan
.
One of Kellogg's most celebrated works is the Hoshino Chapel in Karuizawa, Japan, which employs precast concrete
arches and stone walls.
A landmark of organic architecture
, it was constructed in Kona, Hawaii during 1961-62 for Elizabeth von Beck. Hand-built by Kellogg, with the assistance of William Slatton, the design employs translucent arching roof panels. With no outside walls, the division between interior and exterior consists of screen or stained glass
. Massive lava rock walls form the central fireplaces and angled interior walls, while concrete
arches radiate from the fireplaces to support the roof structures. Stained glass throughout both structures and the mosaic
dining table were built by artist James Hubbell.
The curvilinear architecture of the three-dome complex is reminiscent of the fanciful creations of Antoni Gaudi
in Spain
, while the central fireplaces and geometric lines are shaped by teachings of Frank Lloyd Wright
. The inward curving (incurvate form) of the domes alludes to the curve of the native Hawaiian Hapu'u fern and implies the curl of the clam
shell.
The strongest influence is felt in the massive lava rock walls surrounding and supporting the structure, evoking the Hawaiian temple, heiau
.
The two prominent domes are of translucent fibreglass resined curved panels crowned with hand-cut shingle
s topped-off with steel spires. Each dome is ventilated at the top to take advantage of the natural ocean breezes. Full screening for year-round ventilation
surrounds both domes. No other heating or cooling system is required.
The nickname comes from a neighbor who complained about how the house looked like an onion.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
architect.
An innovator of organic architecture
Organic architecture
Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world through design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated with its site that buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated...
, Kellogg built a wide assortment of distinctive buildings. Homes include the Yen House, Wingsweep, the Joshua Tree house, and the Onion House. Public buildings include the Hoshino Wedding Chapel in Japan and Charthouse restaurants.
Biography
Kendrick Bangs Kellogg was born in 1934 in San Diego, CaliforniaSan Diego, California
San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest city in California. The city is located on the coast of the Pacific Ocean in Southern California, immediately adjacent to the Mexican border. The birthplace of California, San Diego is known for its mild year-round...
, named for John Kendrick Bangs
John Kendrick Bangs
John Kendrick Bangs was an American author, editor and satirist.-Biography:He was born in Yonkers, New York. His father was a lawyer in New York City....
.
Kellogg is related to Frederick Law Olmsted
Frederick Law Olmsted
Frederick Law Olmsted was an American journalist, social critic, public administrator, and landscape designer. He is popularly considered to be the father of American landscape architecture, although many scholars have bestowed that title upon Andrew Jackson Downing...
, "The Father of Landscape Architecture" (of the 1800s), who was a cousin to Kellogg's grandfather. Olmsted's landscape designs were curvilinear and irregular, a significant break from the formal symmetrical patterns of the time, a practice which Kellogg sees himself continuing.
Kellogg studied for five years at San Diego State University
San Diego State University
San Diego State University , founded in 1897 as San Diego Normal School, is the largest and oldest higher education facility in the greater San Diego area , and is part of the California State University system...
, the University of Colorado
University of Colorado
The University of Colorado system is a system of public universities in Colorado consisting of three universities in four campuses: University of Colorado Boulder, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, and University of Colorado Denver in downtown Denver and at the Anschutz Medical Campus in...
, the University of Southern California
University of Southern California
The University of Southern California is a private, not-for-profit, nonsectarian, research university located in Los Angeles, California, United States. USC was founded in 1880, making it California's oldest private research university...
, and the University of California at Berkeley.
In 1955 he met Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 500 works. Wright believed in designing structures which were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture...
, and the brief meeting provided an inspiration.
Kellogg completed his math and engineering courses and left Berkeley without a degree.
His first design was a house in Mission Beach area of San Diego in 1957.
By 1964, he had obtained his California architectural license and designed and built five residences.
Kellogg's architecture does not fit neatly into the same category as Frank Lloyd Wright, Bruce Goff
Bruce Goff
Bruce Alonzo Goff was an American architect distinguished by his organic, eclectic, and often flamboyant designs for houses and other buildings in Oklahoma and elsewhere.-Early years:...
, Bart Prince, or other organic architects. Kellogg's architecture is unique to Kellogg.
His work was described as "the Sydney Opera House
Sydney Opera House
The Sydney Opera House is a multi-venue performing arts centre in the Australian city of Sydney. It was conceived and largely built by Danish architect Jørn Utzon, finally opening in 1973 after a long gestation starting with his competition-winning design in 1957...
meets Stonehenge
Stonehenge
Stonehenge is a prehistoric monument located in the English county of Wiltshire, about west of Amesbury and north of Salisbury. One of the most famous sites in the world, Stonehenge is composed of a circular setting of large standing stones set within earthworks...
."
Like Goff, Wright, and many other architect
Architect
An architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
s, Kellogg's buildings are studies of layered, segmented, and unfolding space. A big difference between Goff and Kellogg involves the feeling of permanence
Permanence
Permanence is the state of being permanent:*Digital permanence*Object permanence*Print permanencePopular culture:*Permanence by Karl Schroeder...
and impermanence
Impermanence
Impermanence is one of the essential doctrines or three marks of existence in Buddhism...
in their architecture. Most of Goff 's clients had moderate incomes, so he used inexpensive materials. Thirty years later, some of his art is popping apart.
Kellogg was more fortunate. He worked for people who could afford copper
Copper
Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...
, well-poured concrete and the best craftsmanship available.
With Goff, part of the excitement is that one feels that the wind could shake the house down, so lightly is the structure tethered to the earth. Kellogg houses feel heavy, firmly connected to their foundations. The beams and radiating members remind people of the stout keels and ribs in ships designed to weather storms. Kellogg's visible interior structure reminds observers of spinal columns that supported the weight of whale
Whale
Whale is the common name for various marine mammals of the order Cetacea. The term whale sometimes refers to all cetaceans, but more often it excludes dolphins and porpoises, which belong to suborder Odontoceti . This suborder also includes the sperm whale, killer whale, pilot whale, and beluga...
s or dinosaur
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous , when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of...
s.
Kellogg said, "To realize truly creative architecture you need clients with the vision and imagination to make the most of any site. Great clients are those who allow and architect the latitude to give them what they didn't know they wanted until they have it! They are willing to risk being unique. The Hoshino Wedding Chapel in Japan is a good example, built for a client with a great sense of quality and beauty, and a desire to circumvent the restrictions of society. This much used rock and concrete chapel is a successful and popular example of architecture built for future generations."
He was also a community planner
Urban planning
Urban planning incorporates areas such as economics, design, ecology, sociology, geography, law, political science, and statistics to guide and ensure the orderly development of settlements and communities....
responsible for instituting, in San Diego, the only planned district ordinance allowing compatible neighborhood character without inhibiting the diversity of any architectural style.
His work was been published in USA, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
and Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
.
One of Kellogg's most celebrated works is the Hoshino Chapel in Karuizawa, Japan, which employs precast concrete
Precast concrete
By producing precast concrete in a controlled environment , the precast concrete is afforded the opportunity to properly cure and be closely monitored by plant employees. Utilizing a Precast Concrete system offers many potential advantages over site casting of concrete...
arches and stone walls.
Onion house
Kellogg's third design, known as the "Onion house", is an early example of dramatic mingling of light and stone unique to his designs.A landmark of organic architecture
Organic architecture
Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world through design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated with its site that buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated...
, it was constructed in Kona, Hawaii during 1961-62 for Elizabeth von Beck. Hand-built by Kellogg, with the assistance of William Slatton, the design employs translucent arching roof panels. With no outside walls, the division between interior and exterior consists of screen or stained glass
Stained glass
The term stained glass can refer to coloured glass as a material or to works produced from it. Throughout its thousand-year history, the term has been applied almost exclusively to the windows of churches and other significant buildings...
. Massive lava rock walls form the central fireplaces and angled interior walls, while concrete
Concrete
Concrete is a composite construction material, composed of cement and other cementitious materials such as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate , water and chemical admixtures.The word concrete comes from the Latin word...
arches radiate from the fireplaces to support the roof structures. Stained glass throughout both structures and the mosaic
Mosaic
Mosaic is the art of creating images with an assemblage of small pieces of colored glass, stone, or other materials. It may be a technique of decorative art, an aspect of interior decoration, or of cultural and spiritual significance as in a cathedral...
dining table were built by artist James Hubbell.
The curvilinear architecture of the three-dome complex is reminiscent of the fanciful creations of Antoni Gaudi
Antoni Gaudí
Antoni Gaudí i Cornet was a Spanish Catalan architect and figurehead of Catalan Modernism. Gaudí's works reflect his highly individual and distinctive style and are largely concentrated in the Catalan capital of Barcelona, notably his magnum opus, the Sagrada Família.Much of Gaudí's work was...
in Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
, while the central fireplaces and geometric lines are shaped by teachings of Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright
Frank Lloyd Wright was an American architect, interior designer, writer and educator, who designed more than 1,000 structures and completed 500 works. Wright believed in designing structures which were in harmony with humanity and its environment, a philosophy he called organic architecture...
. The inward curving (incurvate form) of the domes alludes to the curve of the native Hawaiian Hapu'u fern and implies the curl of the clam
Clam
The word "clam" can be applied to freshwater mussels, and other freshwater bivalves, as well as marine bivalves.In the United States, "clam" can be used in several different ways: one, as a general term covering all bivalve molluscs...
shell.
The strongest influence is felt in the massive lava rock walls surrounding and supporting the structure, evoking the Hawaiian temple, heiau
Heiau
A heiau is a Hawaiian temple. Many types of heiau existed, including heiau to treat the sick , offer first fruits, offer first catch, start rain, stop rain, increase the population, ensure health of the nation, achieve success in distant voyaging, reach peace, and achieve success in war . Only the...
.
The two prominent domes are of translucent fibreglass resined curved panels crowned with hand-cut shingle
Shingle
Shingle can refer to:*A flat covering element for a roof, including**Shake , a wooden shingle that is made from split logs**Roof shingle, a roof covering consisting of individual overlapping elements...
s topped-off with steel spires. Each dome is ventilated at the top to take advantage of the natural ocean breezes. Full screening for year-round ventilation
Ventilation
Ventilation is movement of air in and out of an enclosed space, including a body. It is used in the following contexts:* Ventilation * Ventilation * Ventilation * Ventilation * Ventilation...
surrounds both domes. No other heating or cooling system is required.
The nickname comes from a neighbor who complained about how the house looked like an onion.