Kenneth Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham
Encyclopedia
Kenneth Alexander Howard, 1st Earl of Effingham (29 November 1767 – 13 February 1845) was a British
peer
.
His father, Henry Howard (bef. 1751 – 10 September 1811), was a male-line descendant of William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
. His mother, Maria Mackenzie (bef. 1751 – 29 January 1826), was parental granddaughter of William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth
and maternal one of Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway
.
From 1781 to 1786, Howard was a Page of Honour
to George III
, after which he was gazetted to an ensigncy in the Coldstream Guards
, 21 April 1786, and served with his regiment in Flanders from February 1793 to May 1795, being wounded at St. Amand
8 May 1793. He was promoted lieutenant and captain 25 April 1793 (acting as adjutant of his regiment from December 1793 to December 1797), captain-lieutenant and lieutenant-colonel 30 December 1797, and brigade-major to the foot-guards 17 April 1798, in which capacity he served throughout the Irish rebellion of that year and the Duke of York
's expedition to Holland
in 1799. He was present in every action of the last-named campaign. He was gazetted captain and lieutenant-colonel 25 July 1799, and was connected with the foreign troops in the English service as deputy inspector-general, inspector-general, and commandant of the foreign depôt. This latter office he resigned on being appointed colonel and aide-de-camp to the king, 1 January 1805. He became second major of his regiment 4 August 1808, and major-general 25 July 1810. In January 1811 he joined the army in the Peninsula, being placed in command of a brigade of the first division in succession to Sir William Erskine
(Wellington Supplementary Despatches, xiii. 544). In the following July he was transferred to the second division, which he commanded as senior officer under Lord Hill
till August 1812. In November of that year he was selected to command the 1st brigade of guards in the first division, and was in entire command of that division under Sir John Hope
from June 1813 to the end of the war. He was present at the battles of Fuentes d'Onoro
, Arroyo de Molinos
, and Almaraz
, and was on the two latter occasions specially commended for gallantry in Lord Hill's despatches (Wellington Despatches, viii. 381–3, 388, ix. 184–5), and was thanked by the home government (Sidney, Life of Lord Hill, pp. 199–200). He took continuous part in the operations on the frontier, 1813–14, and received the medal and one clasp for Vitoria
and the passage of the Nive
. On the conclusion of the war he was appointed lieutenant-governor of Portsmouth, with command of the south-western district. The duties of this post prevented his joining the army in Belgium, but after Waterloo
he was placed in command of the first division of the British army during the occupation of Paris, with the local rank of lieutenant-general.
Howard succeeded his third cousin Richard Howard, 4th Earl of Effingham
as Baron Howard of Effingham
in 1816 and was created 1st Earl of Effingham (second creation) in 1837.
He married Lady Charlotte Primrose (c. 1776 – 17 September 1864), daughter of Neil Primrose, 3rd Earl of Rosebery, on 27 May 1800, by whom he had five children:
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
peer
Peerage
The Peerage is a legal system of largely hereditary titles in the United Kingdom, which constitute the ranks of British nobility and is part of the British honours system...
.
His father, Henry Howard (bef. 1751 – 10 September 1811), was a male-line descendant of William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham
William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham , was the eldest son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk by his second wife, Agnes Tilney...
. His mother, Maria Mackenzie (bef. 1751 – 29 January 1826), was parental granddaughter of William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth
William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth
William Mackenzie, 5th Earl of Seaforth was a Scottish nobleman.He who joined the Jacobite standard at Braemar, during the rising of 1715, and then, having raised 3000 men, was present at the battle of Sheriffmuir and was appointed lieutenant-general of the northern counties...
and maternal one of Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway
Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway
Alexander Stewart, 6th Earl of Galloway was the son of James Stewart, 5th Earl of Galloway by Catherine, daughter of Alexander Montgomerie, 9th Earl of Eglinton ....
.
From 1781 to 1786, Howard was a Page of Honour
Page of Honour
While a page is a comparatively low-ranking servant, a Page of Honour is a ceremonial position in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom. It requires attendance on state occasions, but does not now involve the daily duties which were once attached to the office of page...
to George III
George III of the United Kingdom
George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
, after which he was gazetted to an ensigncy in the Coldstream Guards
Coldstream Guards
Her Majesty's Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards, also known officially as the Coldstream Guards , is a regiment of the British Army, part of the Guards Division or Household Division....
, 21 April 1786, and served with his regiment in Flanders from February 1793 to May 1795, being wounded at St. Amand
Saint-Amand-les-Eaux
Saint-Amand-les-Eaux is a commune in the Nord department in northern France. The town people are named Amandinois , Amandinoise ....
8 May 1793. He was promoted lieutenant and captain 25 April 1793 (acting as adjutant of his regiment from December 1793 to December 1797), captain-lieutenant and lieutenant-colonel 30 December 1797, and brigade-major to the foot-guards 17 April 1798, in which capacity he served throughout the Irish rebellion of that year and the Duke of York
Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
The Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany was a member of the Hanoverian and British Royal Family, the second eldest child, and second son, of King George III...
's expedition to Holland
Anglo-Russian Invasion of Holland
The Anglo-Russian invasion of Holland refers to the campaign of 27 August to 19 November 1799 during the War of the Second Coalition, in which an expeditionary force of British and Russian troops invaded the North-Holland peninsula in the Batavian Republic...
in 1799. He was present in every action of the last-named campaign. He was gazetted captain and lieutenant-colonel 25 July 1799, and was connected with the foreign troops in the English service as deputy inspector-general, inspector-general, and commandant of the foreign depôt. This latter office he resigned on being appointed colonel and aide-de-camp to the king, 1 January 1805. He became second major of his regiment 4 August 1808, and major-general 25 July 1810. In January 1811 he joined the army in the Peninsula, being placed in command of a brigade of the first division in succession to Sir William Erskine
Sir William Erskine, 2nd Baronet
Major-General Sir William Erskine, 2nd Baronet was an officer in the British Army, served as a member of Parliament, and achieved important commands in the Napoleonic Wars under the Duke of Wellington, but ended his service in insanity and suicide.He was the eldest son of Lieutenant-General Sir...
(Wellington Supplementary Despatches, xiii. 544). In the following July he was transferred to the second division, which he commanded as senior officer under Lord Hill
Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill
General Rowland Hill, 1st Viscount Hill of Almaraz GCB, GCH served in the Napoleonic Wars as a trusted brigade, division and corps commander under the command of the Duke of Wellington. He became Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in 1829.-Early career:Educated at a school in Chester, Hill was...
till August 1812. In November of that year he was selected to command the 1st brigade of guards in the first division, and was in entire command of that division under Sir John Hope
John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun
Lieutenant General John Hope, 4th Earl of Hopetoun PC KB , known as the Honourable John Hope from 1781 to 1814 and as the Lord Niddry from 1809 to 1816, was a Scottish soldier and politician.-Military career:...
from June 1813 to the end of the war. He was present at the battles of Fuentes d'Onoro
Battle of Fuentes de Onoro
In the Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro , the British-Portuguese Army under Viscount Wellington checked an attempt by the French Army of Portugal under Marshal André Masséna to relieve the besieged city of Almeida.-Background:...
, Arroyo de Molinos
Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos
The Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos took place on 28 October 1811 during the Peninsula War. An allied force under General Rowland Hill trapped and defeated, a French force under General Jean-Baptiste Girard, forcing the latter's dismissal by the Emperor Napoleon...
, and Almaraz
Battle of Almaraz
The Battle of Almaraz was a battle of the Peninsula Wars which took place on 18/19 May 1812, in which the British under Lord Hill destroyed a French pontoon bridge across the River Tagus. The bridge was protected by two French garrisons at either end.....
, and was on the two latter occasions specially commended for gallantry in Lord Hill's despatches (Wellington Despatches, viii. 381–3, 388, ix. 184–5), and was thanked by the home government (Sidney, Life of Lord Hill, pp. 199–200). He took continuous part in the operations on the frontier, 1813–14, and received the medal and one clasp for Vitoria
Battle of Vitoria
At the Battle of Vitoria an allied British, Portuguese, and Spanish army under General the Marquess of Wellington broke the French army under Joseph Bonaparte and Marshal Jean-Baptiste Jourdan near Vitoria in Spain, leading to eventual victory in the Peninsular War.-Background:In July 1812, after...
and the passage of the Nive
Battle of the Nive
The Battles of the Nive were fought towards the end of the Peninsular War. Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese and Spanish army defeated Marshal Nicolas Soult's French army in a series of battles near the city of Bayonne.Unusually, for most of the battle, Wellington...
. On the conclusion of the war he was appointed lieutenant-governor of Portsmouth, with command of the south-western district. The duties of this post prevented his joining the army in Belgium, but after Waterloo
Battle of Waterloo
The Battle of Waterloo was fought on Sunday 18 June 1815 near Waterloo in present-day Belgium, then part of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
he was placed in command of the first division of the British army during the occupation of Paris, with the local rank of lieutenant-general.
Howard succeeded his third cousin Richard Howard, 4th Earl of Effingham
Richard Howard, 4th Earl of Effingham
Richard Howard, 4th Earl of Effingham was a British peer and a member of the House of Lords, styled Hon. Richard Howard until 1791....
as Baron Howard of Effingham
Earl of Effingham
Earl of Effingham, in the County of Surrey, is a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was created in 1837 for Kenneth Alexander Howard, 11th Baron Howard of Effingham. This branch of the Howard family descends from the noted naval commander and politician Lord William Howard, eldest son...
in 1816 and was created 1st Earl of Effingham (second creation) in 1837.
He married Lady Charlotte Primrose (c. 1776 – 17 September 1864), daughter of Neil Primrose, 3rd Earl of Rosebery, on 27 May 1800, by whom he had five children:
- Charlotte Howard (30 October 1803 – 8 March 1886).
- Henry Howard, 2nd Earl of EffinghamHenry Howard, 2nd Earl of EffinghamHenry Howard, 2nd Earl of Effingham , styled Lord Howard of Effingham from 1837 to 1845, was a British peer and Member of Parliament....
, who succeeded his father. - Charles Howard (6 December 1807 – 8 March 1882).
- Lady Arabella Georgina Howard (25 January 1809 – 10 December 1884), who married to Francis Baring, 1st Baron NorthbrookFrancis Baring, 1st Baron NorthbrookFrancis Thornhill Baring, 1st Baron Northbrook PC , known as Sir Francis Baring, Bt, from 1848 to 1866, was a British Whig politician who served in the governments of Lord Melbourne and Lord John Russell....
(as his second wife). - Reverend Hon. William Howard (23 April 1815 – 12 May 1881).