Kenneth McDuff
Encyclopedia
Kenneth Allen McDuff was an American
serial killer
suspected of at least 14 murders. He had previously been on death row
from 1968 to 1972.
town of Rosebud (Falls County
), one of four children born to John and Addie McDuff. His father worked as a farmer and mason.
McDuff's mother, Addie, was known around their small town as "The pistol packin' momma" due to her propensity toward violence and habit of carrying a firearm. She has been characterized as domineering by Christopher Berry-Dee, who authored a short biography of Kenneth McDuff as part of his book Talking with Serial Killers.
McDuff was known to fire at living creatures with a .22 rifle as a young boy and as well as get into fights with boys older than he was. This led to his acquiring a fearsome reputation in Rosebud, and it was not long before he became known to the local Sheriff, Larry Pamplin.
He was briefly returned to prison after violating his parole by becoming involved in a fight, but he was once again released.
While he was not convicted of any murders at this time, his accomplice in the 1966 triple murder, Roy Dale Green, said that McDuff bragged openly about his criminal record and claimed to have rape
d and killed two young women.
At approximately 5 p.m, once they had completed their work, McDuff and Green decided to drive to Fort Worth in McDuff's new Dodge Coronet
. They bought a six-pack of beer from a 7-11 store and visited a mutual friend, Edith Turner, at around 7 pm before buying a hamburger.
Their soon-to-be victims had spent the evening at a drive-in movie, and at 10 pm were parked on a baseball field in Everman, Texas
, in Tarrant County
. The trio consisted of Robert Brand (aged 18), his girlfriend Edna Louise Sullivan (aged 16) and Brand's 16-year-old cousin Mark Dunman.
Green, in a statement he gave to the police when he turned himself in on August 8, stated that he and McDuff parked around 150 yards away from their victims' car. McDuff took his revolver with him. Once they arrived at the vehicle, he ordered the occupants into the trunk of their car.
With Green following in McDuff's car, McDuff drove the victims' Ford along a highway and then onto a field. Here he ordered Edna Sullivan out of the trunk of the Ford and instructed Green to put her into the trunk of his Dodge Coronet. At this point, according to Green's statement, McDuff said he would have to "knock 'em off", he proceeded to fire six shots into the trunk of the Ford in spite of Dunman and Brand's pleas not to.
McDuff then instructed Green to wipe the fingerprints off the Ford. They then drove to another location where first McDuff and then Green, allegedly under duress, raped Sullivan. After he and Green had repeatedly raped Sullivan, McDuff asked Green for something to strangle her with. Green gave him his belt. However, in the end McDuff opted to use a 3 foot (0.9144 m) piece of broomstick from his car. He choked Sullivan, and then he and Green dumped her body in some bushes.
They purchased some Coca-Cola from a Hillsboro gas station before driving to Green's house to spend the night. The following day, McDuff buried his revolver beside Green's garage and their mutual acquaintance Richard Boyd allowed McDuff to wash his car at his house.
The next day Green confessed to Boyd's parents, who told Green's mother, who convinced him to hand himself in, which he did.
McDuff received three death sentence
s and Green received a 25-year prison sentence. However, McDuff's death sentences were commuted to a life sentence. At that time, a life sentence in Texas meant serving a minimum of 10 years in prison before being paroled.
Ultimately Green served 13 years before being paroled. While incarcerated, McDuff was twice sent to the electric chair
, but both times received last minute stays of execution.
d on 11 October 1989 to Milam County Texas.
Allegedly McDuff's mother bribed the parole board into releasing him, but his release was also part of a wider series of events. As a result of serious overcrowding in Texas prisons, Governor Bill Clements
ordered the Texas parole board to release 750 low risk offenders every week. Even after 60,000 'low-risk' inmates had been paroled, the prison system was still overcrowded.
The Texas parole board began releasing inmates hastily. McDuff was one of 20 former death row inmates and 127 murderers to be paroled.
After being released, he got a job at a gas station making $4 an hour and took a class at Texas State Technical College
in Waco
.
Within three days of his release, he began killing again. He killed 31-year-old Sarafia Parker, whose body was discovered on 14 October 1989, in Temple
, a town around 48 miles from Waco. However, he was soon returned to prison on a parole violation for making death threats to a black youth in Rosebud.
Addie McDuff paid $1,500 to two Huntsville attorneys, plus an additional $700 for expenses, to two Huntsville attorneys in return for them 'evaluating' her son's prospect of release. On December 18, 1990, McDuff was again released from prison.
On October 10, 1991, McDuff picked up a prostitute and drug addict named Brenda Thompson in Waco. He tied her up, but his vehicle was stopped at Waco Police Department checkpoint. McDuff stopped approximately 50 ft in before the checkpoint. This led to one policeman walking toward McDuff's vehicle. On seeing the police officer, Thompson repeatedly kicked at the windshield of McDuff's truck, cracking it several times. McDuff accelerated very quickly and drove at the officers. According to a statement filed by the officers later, three of them had to jump to avoid being hit.
The policemen gave chase but it was nighttime and McDuff eluded them by turning off his lights and traveling the wrong way down one-way streets, ultimately he parked his truck in a wooded area near to US 84. He inflicted a torturous death upon Thompson. Her body was not discovered until 1998.
Five days later, on October 15, 1991, McDuff and a 17-year-old prostitute named Regenia DeAnne Moore were witnessed having an argument at a Waco motel. Shortly thereafter, the pair drove in McDuff's pickup truck to a remote area beside Highway 6, near Waco. McDuff tied her arms and legs with stockings before killing her. She had been missing from home for seven years by the time her body was discovered on September 29, 1993.
He killed again on December 29, 1991. His victim was Colleen Reed, a Louisiana
native. He and an accomplice, Alva Hank Worley, drove to a car-wash where Reed was. McDuff kidnapped her in plain sight of eyewitnesses, and he and Worley drove her away. Worley admitted in an April 1992 interview with Bell County Sheriff's Dept. that he had raped Reed, but stated that he did not participate in her murder.
His next victim was Valencia Joshua, a prostitute and fellow student at Texas State Technical College in Waco. Crucially she (Valencia) was last seen alive knocking on McDuff's door. While a student, McDuff had taken up drug dealing, selling crack cocaine
, LSD
, methamphetamine
and marijuana to fellow students to supplement his student grant.
McDuff strangled Valencia Joshua on February 24, 1992. Her body was discovered on March 15 at a golf course near to their college.
McDuff's next victim was Melissa Northrup, a 22-year-old store clerk at a Waco Quik-pak. She was pregnant at the time of her death on March 1. He had also taken $250 from the cash register. During the investigation into Northrup's disappearance (her body was found by a fisherman on April 26, 1992) a college friend of McDuff's told police officers that McDuff, who was already a suspect due to having been seen in the vicinity of the Quik-pak at the time of Northrup's disappearance, had attempted to enlist his help in robbing the store.
A major problem for investigators was that McDuff's post release victims were spread out across several Texas counties. This made a single coordinated investigation into him difficult. However, the police had learned that McDuff was peddling drugs and had an illegal firearm, both federal offenses. Consequently on March 6, 1992, a local State Attorney issued a warrant for McDuff's arrest.
In April 1992 the police made a major breakthrough. Bell County Sheriff's Department investigators had brought in Alva Hank Worley for questioning, on the basis that he was a known acquaintance of McDuff. Worley admitted to his involvement in the kidnapping of Colleen Reed. He was held in a Travis County
jail while the police continued their search for McDuff.
McDuff had moved to Kansas City
, where he was working at a refuse collection company and living under the assumed name of Richard Fowler. On May 1, 1992, a co-worker of his named Gary Smithee, watched an American television program entitled America's Most Wanted
. Smithee noticed how similar McDuff, who was featured on the program, was to his new co-worker Richard Fowler. After discussing the matter with another co-worker, Smithee telephoned the Kansas City Police.
The Kansas City Police searched Fowler's name and found he had been arrested, and fingerprinted, for soliciting prostitutes. Comparing the fingerprints taken from Fowler to those from McDuff it was found they were the same.
On May 4, 1992, a surveillance team of six officers arrested McDuff as he drove to a landfill south of Kansas City.
on June 26, 1992. He was found guilty. In Texas, juries determine whether or not an individual convicted of capital murder receives life imprisonment or the death penalty.
On February 18, 1993, the jury, in a special punishment hearing, opted to sentence him to death. His case was automatically taken to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which affirmed the sentence on April 28, 1997.
McDuff filed a writ of certiorari to the US Supreme Court, but this was rejected on January 12, 1998. A state writ of habeas corpus
was also rejected on April 15, 1998.
On April 29, 1998, the original court of sentencing in McLennan County set the execution date as October 21, 1998. However on July 8, McDuff filed a federal writ of habeas corpus. This had the effect of delaying his execution as his case was considered again.
Finally, on October 15, 1998, the Western District Court denied habeas corpus relief and re-scheduled the execution date for November 17, 1998. He filed a Notice of Appeal on October 23 but on October 26 his request for a certificate of appealability was denied by the Western District Court, and he was duly executed on November 17. He gave up Colleen Reed's burial location a couple of weeks before his execution.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
serial killer
Serial killer
A serial killer, as typically defined, is an individual who has murdered three or more people over a period of more than a month, with down time between the murders, and whose motivation for killing is usually based on psychological gratification...
suspected of at least 14 murders. He had previously been on death row
Death row
Death row signifies the place, often a section of a prison, that houses individuals awaiting execution. The term is also used figuratively to describe the state of awaiting execution , even in places where no special facility or separate unit for condemned inmates exists.After individuals are found...
from 1968 to 1972.
Early life and background
Kenneth Allen McDuff was born at 201 Linden Street in the central TexasTexas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...
town of Rosebud (Falls County
Falls County, Texas
Falls County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 18,576. In 2003, the population of the county was estimated to be 17,926. It is named for the waterfalls on the Brazos River, which can be found at the Falls On The Brazos Park, a campsite located only a few...
), one of four children born to John and Addie McDuff. His father worked as a farmer and mason.
McDuff's mother, Addie, was known around their small town as "The pistol packin' momma" due to her propensity toward violence and habit of carrying a firearm. She has been characterized as domineering by Christopher Berry-Dee, who authored a short biography of Kenneth McDuff as part of his book Talking with Serial Killers.
McDuff was known to fire at living creatures with a .22 rifle as a young boy and as well as get into fights with boys older than he was. This led to his acquiring a fearsome reputation in Rosebud, and it was not long before he became known to the local Sheriff, Larry Pamplin.
Earlier criminal activities
His criminal record began two years before his first murder conviction. In 1964 McDuff was convicted of 12 counts of burglary and attempted burglary in three Texas counties: Bell, Milam, and Falls. He was sentenced to 12 four-year prison terms, to be served concurrently; however, he was paroled in December 1965.He was briefly returned to prison after violating his parole by becoming involved in a fight, but he was once again released.
While he was not convicted of any murders at this time, his accomplice in the 1966 triple murder, Roy Dale Green, said that McDuff bragged openly about his criminal record and claimed to have rape
Rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse, which is initiated by one or more persons against another person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority or with a person who is incapable of valid consent. The...
d and killed two young women.
Broomstick murders
On August 6, 1966, McDuff and new friend Roy Dale Green, whom he had met around a month earlier through a mutual acquaintance by the name of Richard Boyd, spent the day pouring concrete for John McDuff, Kenneth's father.At approximately 5 p.m, once they had completed their work, McDuff and Green decided to drive to Fort Worth in McDuff's new Dodge Coronet
Dodge Coronet
The Coronet was a full-size car from Dodge in the 1950s, initially the division's highest trim line but, starting in 1955, the lowest trim line. In the 1960s, the name was transferred to Dodge's mid-size entry.-1949:...
. They bought a six-pack of beer from a 7-11 store and visited a mutual friend, Edith Turner, at around 7 pm before buying a hamburger.
Their soon-to-be victims had spent the evening at a drive-in movie, and at 10 pm were parked on a baseball field in Everman, Texas
Everman, Texas
Everman is a city in Tarrant County, Texas, United States. The population was 6,108 at the 2010 census.Former Texas Supreme Court Justice Steven Wayne Smith, who served from 2002–2005, was reared in Everman.-History:...
, in Tarrant County
Tarrant County, Texas
Tarrant County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. As of the 2010 U.S. Census, it had a population of 1,809,034. Its county seat is Fort Worth. Tarrant County is the sixteenth most populous county in the United States and the third most populous in Texas. The county is named in honor...
. The trio consisted of Robert Brand (aged 18), his girlfriend Edna Louise Sullivan (aged 16) and Brand's 16-year-old cousin Mark Dunman.
Green, in a statement he gave to the police when he turned himself in on August 8, stated that he and McDuff parked around 150 yards away from their victims' car. McDuff took his revolver with him. Once they arrived at the vehicle, he ordered the occupants into the trunk of their car.
With Green following in McDuff's car, McDuff drove the victims' Ford along a highway and then onto a field. Here he ordered Edna Sullivan out of the trunk of the Ford and instructed Green to put her into the trunk of his Dodge Coronet. At this point, according to Green's statement, McDuff said he would have to "knock 'em off", he proceeded to fire six shots into the trunk of the Ford in spite of Dunman and Brand's pleas not to.
McDuff then instructed Green to wipe the fingerprints off the Ford. They then drove to another location where first McDuff and then Green, allegedly under duress, raped Sullivan. After he and Green had repeatedly raped Sullivan, McDuff asked Green for something to strangle her with. Green gave him his belt. However, in the end McDuff opted to use a 3 foot (0.9144 m) piece of broomstick from his car. He choked Sullivan, and then he and Green dumped her body in some bushes.
They purchased some Coca-Cola from a Hillsboro gas station before driving to Green's house to spend the night. The following day, McDuff buried his revolver beside Green's garage and their mutual acquaintance Richard Boyd allowed McDuff to wash his car at his house.
The next day Green confessed to Boyd's parents, who told Green's mother, who convinced him to hand himself in, which he did.
McDuff received three death sentence
Death Sentence
Death Sentence is a short story by the American science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov. It was first published in the November 1943 issue of Astounding Science Fiction and reprinted in the 1972 collection The Early Asimov.-Plot summary:...
s and Green received a 25-year prison sentence. However, McDuff's death sentences were commuted to a life sentence. At that time, a life sentence in Texas meant serving a minimum of 10 years in prison before being paroled.
Ultimately Green served 13 years before being paroled. While incarcerated, McDuff was twice sent to the electric chair
Electric chair
Execution by electrocution, usually performed using an electric chair, is an execution method originating in the United States in which the condemned person is strapped to a specially built wooden chair and electrocuted through electrodes placed on the body...
, but both times received last minute stays of execution.
Post-release crimes
As a result of overcrowding in Texas prisons, McDuff was paroleParole
Parole may have different meanings depending on the field and judiciary system. All of the meanings originated from the French parole . Following its use in late-resurrected Anglo-French chivalric practice, the term became associated with the release of prisoners based on prisoners giving their...
d on 11 October 1989 to Milam County Texas.
Allegedly McDuff's mother bribed the parole board into releasing him, but his release was also part of a wider series of events. As a result of serious overcrowding in Texas prisons, Governor Bill Clements
Bill Clements
William Perry "Bill" Clements, Jr. was the 42nd and 44th Governor of Texas, serving from 1979 to 1983 and 1987 to 1991. Clements was the first Republican to have served as governor of the U.S. state of Texas since Reconstruction...
ordered the Texas parole board to release 750 low risk offenders every week. Even after 60,000 'low-risk' inmates had been paroled, the prison system was still overcrowded.
The Texas parole board began releasing inmates hastily. McDuff was one of 20 former death row inmates and 127 murderers to be paroled.
After being released, he got a job at a gas station making $4 an hour and took a class at Texas State Technical College
Texas State Technical College System
Texas State Technical College System is a system of two-year technical schools in Texas. It is the only state-operated system of two-year colleges in Texas....
in Waco
Waco, Texas
Waco is a city in and the county seat of McLennan County, Texas. Situated along the Brazos River and on the I-35 corridor, halfway between Dallas and Austin, it is the economic, cultural, and academic center of the 'Heart of Texas' region....
.
Within three days of his release, he began killing again. He killed 31-year-old Sarafia Parker, whose body was discovered on 14 October 1989, in Temple
Temple, Texas
Temple is a city in Bell County, Texas, United States. Located near the county seat of Belton, Temple lies in the region referred to as Central Texas. Located off Interstate 35, Temple is 65 miles north of Austin and 34 miles south of Waco. In the 2010 Census, Temple's population was 66,102, an...
, a town around 48 miles from Waco. However, he was soon returned to prison on a parole violation for making death threats to a black youth in Rosebud.
Addie McDuff paid $1,500 to two Huntsville attorneys, plus an additional $700 for expenses, to two Huntsville attorneys in return for them 'evaluating' her son's prospect of release. On December 18, 1990, McDuff was again released from prison.
On October 10, 1991, McDuff picked up a prostitute and drug addict named Brenda Thompson in Waco. He tied her up, but his vehicle was stopped at Waco Police Department checkpoint. McDuff stopped approximately 50 ft in before the checkpoint. This led to one policeman walking toward McDuff's vehicle. On seeing the police officer, Thompson repeatedly kicked at the windshield of McDuff's truck, cracking it several times. McDuff accelerated very quickly and drove at the officers. According to a statement filed by the officers later, three of them had to jump to avoid being hit.
The policemen gave chase but it was nighttime and McDuff eluded them by turning off his lights and traveling the wrong way down one-way streets, ultimately he parked his truck in a wooded area near to US 84. He inflicted a torturous death upon Thompson. Her body was not discovered until 1998.
Five days later, on October 15, 1991, McDuff and a 17-year-old prostitute named Regenia DeAnne Moore were witnessed having an argument at a Waco motel. Shortly thereafter, the pair drove in McDuff's pickup truck to a remote area beside Highway 6, near Waco. McDuff tied her arms and legs with stockings before killing her. She had been missing from home for seven years by the time her body was discovered on September 29, 1993.
He killed again on December 29, 1991. His victim was Colleen Reed, a Louisiana
Louisiana
Louisiana is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America. Its capital is Baton Rouge and largest city is New Orleans. Louisiana is the only state in the U.S. with political subdivisions termed parishes, which are local governments equivalent to counties...
native. He and an accomplice, Alva Hank Worley, drove to a car-wash where Reed was. McDuff kidnapped her in plain sight of eyewitnesses, and he and Worley drove her away. Worley admitted in an April 1992 interview with Bell County Sheriff's Dept. that he had raped Reed, but stated that he did not participate in her murder.
His next victim was Valencia Joshua, a prostitute and fellow student at Texas State Technical College in Waco. Crucially she (Valencia) was last seen alive knocking on McDuff's door. While a student, McDuff had taken up drug dealing, selling crack cocaine
Crack cocaine
Crack cocaine is the freebase form of cocaine that can be smoked. It may also be termed rock, hard, iron, cavvy, base, or just crack; it is the most addictive form of cocaine. Crack rocks offer a short but intense high to smokers...
, LSD
LSD
Lysergic acid diethylamide, abbreviated LSD or LSD-25, also known as lysergide and colloquially as acid, is a semisynthetic psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, well known for its psychological effects which can include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synaesthesia, an...
, methamphetamine
Methamphetamine
Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant of the phenethylamine and amphetamine class of psychoactive drugs...
and marijuana to fellow students to supplement his student grant.
McDuff strangled Valencia Joshua on February 24, 1992. Her body was discovered on March 15 at a golf course near to their college.
McDuff's next victim was Melissa Northrup, a 22-year-old store clerk at a Waco Quik-pak. She was pregnant at the time of her death on March 1. He had also taken $250 from the cash register. During the investigation into Northrup's disappearance (her body was found by a fisherman on April 26, 1992) a college friend of McDuff's told police officers that McDuff, who was already a suspect due to having been seen in the vicinity of the Quik-pak at the time of Northrup's disappearance, had attempted to enlist his help in robbing the store.
A major problem for investigators was that McDuff's post release victims were spread out across several Texas counties. This made a single coordinated investigation into him difficult. However, the police had learned that McDuff was peddling drugs and had an illegal firearm, both federal offenses. Consequently on March 6, 1992, a local State Attorney issued a warrant for McDuff's arrest.
In April 1992 the police made a major breakthrough. Bell County Sheriff's Department investigators had brought in Alva Hank Worley for questioning, on the basis that he was a known acquaintance of McDuff. Worley admitted to his involvement in the kidnapping of Colleen Reed. He was held in a Travis County
Travis County, Texas
As of 2009, the U.S. census estimates there were 1,026,158 people, 320,766 households, and 183,798 families residing in the county. The population density was 821 people per square mile . There were 335,881 housing units at an average density of 340 per square mile...
jail while the police continued their search for McDuff.
McDuff had moved to Kansas City
Kansas City, Missouri
Kansas City, Missouri is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri and is the anchor city of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, the second largest metropolitan area in Missouri. It encompasses in parts of Jackson, Clay, Cass, and Platte counties...
, where he was working at a refuse collection company and living under the assumed name of Richard Fowler. On May 1, 1992, a co-worker of his named Gary Smithee, watched an American television program entitled America's Most Wanted
America's Most Wanted
America's Most Wanted is an American television program produced by 20th Television, and was the longest-running program of any kind in the history of the Fox Television Network until it was announced on May 16, 2011 that the series was canceled after twenty-three years, with the final episode...
. Smithee noticed how similar McDuff, who was featured on the program, was to his new co-worker Richard Fowler. After discussing the matter with another co-worker, Smithee telephoned the Kansas City Police.
The Kansas City Police searched Fowler's name and found he had been arrested, and fingerprinted, for soliciting prostitutes. Comparing the fingerprints taken from Fowler to those from McDuff it was found they were the same.
On May 4, 1992, a surveillance team of six officers arrested McDuff as he drove to a landfill south of Kansas City.
Trial and execution
McDuff was indicted on one count of capital murder for the death of Melissa Northrup in McLennan County, TexasMcLennan County, Texas
McLennan County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in Central Texas. In 2000, its population was 213,517; in 2008 the U.S. Census Bureau estimated its population to be 230,213. Its seat is Waco. The county is named for Neil McLennan, an early settler....
on June 26, 1992. He was found guilty. In Texas, juries determine whether or not an individual convicted of capital murder receives life imprisonment or the death penalty.
On February 18, 1993, the jury, in a special punishment hearing, opted to sentence him to death. His case was automatically taken to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, which affirmed the sentence on April 28, 1997.
McDuff filed a writ of certiorari to the US Supreme Court, but this was rejected on January 12, 1998. A state writ of habeas corpus
Habeas corpus
is a writ, or legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful detention. The remedy can be sought by the prisoner or by another person coming to his aid. Habeas corpus originated in the English legal system, but it is now available in many nations...
was also rejected on April 15, 1998.
On April 29, 1998, the original court of sentencing in McLennan County set the execution date as October 21, 1998. However on July 8, McDuff filed a federal writ of habeas corpus. This had the effect of delaying his execution as his case was considered again.
Finally, on October 15, 1998, the Western District Court denied habeas corpus relief and re-scheduled the execution date for November 17, 1998. He filed a Notice of Appeal on October 23 but on October 26 his request for a certificate of appealability was denied by the Western District Court, and he was duly executed on November 17. He gave up Colleen Reed's burial location a couple of weeks before his execution.
See also
- List of individuals executed in Texas
- Capital punishment in the United StatesCapital punishment in the United StatesCapital punishment in the United States, in practice, applies only for aggravated murder and more rarely for felony murder. Capital punishment was a penalty at common law, for many felonies, and was enforced in all of the American colonies prior to the Declaration of Independence...
External links
- Offender Information. Texas Department of Criminal JusticeTexas Department of Criminal JusticeThe Texas Department of Criminal Justice is a department of the government of the state of Texas. The TDCJ is responsible for statewide criminal justice for adult offenders, including managing offenders in state prisons, state jails and private correctional facilities, funding and certain...
. Retrieved on 2007-11-17. - Man blamed for 14 murders executed in Texas. CNNCNNCable News Network is a U.S. cable news channel founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN was the first channel to provide 24-hour television news coverage, and the first all-news television channel in the United States...
(1998-11-17). Retrieved on 2007-11-17. - U.S. Executions Since 1976
- Article on McDuff's execution at CNNCNNCable News Network is a U.S. cable news channel founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. Upon its launch, CNN was the first channel to provide 24-hour television news coverage, and the first all-news television channel in the United States...
.com
