Keratin 5
Encyclopedia
Keratin, type II cytoskeletal 5 also known as KRT5 is a protein
that in human is encoded by the KRT5 gene
.
gene family. The type II cytokeratin
s consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic (i.e., different types of) keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation
of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. The type II cytokeratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13.
This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal
layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14
.
.
with ALOX12
.
Protein
Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...
that in human is encoded by the KRT5 gene
Gene
A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...
.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the keratinKeratin
Keratin refers to a family of fibrous structural proteins. Keratin is the key of structural material making up the outer layer of human skin. It is also the key structural component of hair and nails...
gene family. The type II cytokeratin
Cytokeratin
Cytokeratins are proteins of keratin-containing intermediate filaments found in the intracytoplasmic cytoskeleton of epithelial tissue. The term "cytokeratin" began to be used in the late 1970s when the protein subunits of keratin intermediate filaments inside cells were first being identified and...
s consist of basic or neutral proteins which are arranged in pairs of heterotypic (i.e., different types of) keratin chains coexpressed during differentiation
Cellular differentiation
In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of...
of simple and stratified epithelial tissues. The type II cytokeratin genes are clustered in a region of chromosome 12q12-q13.
This type II cytokeratin is specifically expressed in the basal
Stratum germinativum
The stratum basale is the deepest layer of the five layers of the epidermis, which is the outer covering of skin in mammals. The stratum basale is a continuous layer of cells...
layer of the epidermis with family member KRT14
Keratin 14
Keratin, type I cytoskeletal 14 also known as cytokeratin-14 or keratin-14 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KRT14 gene....
.
Clinical significance
Mutations in these genes have been associated with a complex of diseases termed epidermolysis bullosa simplexEpidermolysis bullosa simplex
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex is a disorder resulting from mutations in the genes encoding keratin 5 or keratin 14.Blister formation of EBS occurs at the dermoepidermal junction. Sometimes EBS is called epidermolytic.-Subtypes:...
.
Interactions
Keratin 5 has been shown to interactProtein-protein interaction
Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...
with ALOX12
ALOX12
Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12S-type is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALOX12 gene.-Interactions:ALOX12 has been shown to interact with Keratin 5 and LMNA.-Further reading:...
.