Kerr County, Texas
Encyclopedia
Kerr County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau
Edwards Plateau
The Edwards Plateau is a region of west-central Texas which is bounded by the Balcones Fault to the south and east, the Llano Uplift and the Llano Estacado to the north, and the Pecos River and Chihuahuan Desert to the west. San Angelo, Austin, San Antonio and Del Rio roughly outline the area...

 in the U.S. state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...

 of Texas
Texas
Texas is the second largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state by area in the contiguous United States.The name, based on the Caddo word "Tejas" meaning "friends" or "allies", was applied by the Spanish to the Caddo themselves and to the region of their settlement in...

. In 2010, its population was 49,625. Its county seat
County seat
A county seat is an administrative center, or seat of government, for a county or civil parish. The term is primarily used in the United States....

 is Kerrville
Kerrville, Texas
Kerrville is a city in Kerr County, Texas, United States. The population was 20,425 at the 2000 census. In 2009, the population was 22,826...

. Kerr County was named by Joshua D. Brown
Joshua Brown (Texas pioneer)
Joshua D. Brown was a Texas pioneer who in the 1850s became the first settler of Kerrville, the seat of Kerr County in the Texas Hill Country west of San Antonio....

 for his fellow Kentucky
Kentucky
The Commonwealth of Kentucky is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As classified by the United States Census Bureau, Kentucky is a Southern state, more specifically in the East South Central region. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth...

 native, James Kerr
James Kerr (Texas)
James Kerr was a politician in Missouri and Texas who was active in the establishment of the Republic of Texas.-Early life and family:...

, a congressman of the Republic of Texas
Republic of Texas
The Republic of Texas was an independent nation in North America, bordering the United States and Mexico, that existed from 1836 to 1846.Formed as a break-away republic from Mexico by the Texas Revolution, the state claimed borders that encompassed an area that included all of the present U.S...

. Kerr never set foot in Kerr County, as he died six years before the establishment of Kerrville.

The Kerrville Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Kerr County.

History Timeline

  • 8000 b.c. Early Native American inhabitants arrive. Numerous successive cultures inhabited the area in prehistoric times. Historic tribes encountered by Europeans included the Kiowa
    Kiowa
    The Kiowa are a nation of American Indians and indigenous people of the Great Plains. They migrated from the northern plains to the southern plains in the late 17th century. In 1867, the Kiowa moved to a reservation in southwestern Oklahoma...

    , Comanche
    Comanche
    The Comanche are a Native American ethnic group whose historic range consisted of present-day eastern New Mexico, southern Colorado, northeastern Arizona, southern Kansas, all of Oklahoma, and most of northwest Texas. Historically, the Comanches were hunter-gatherers, with a typical Plains Indian...

     and Lipan Apache.
  • 1842 Adelsverein
    Adelsverein
    Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas, better known as Adelsverein , organized on April 20, 1842, was a colonial attempt to establish a new Germany within the borders of Texas.-History:...

     Fisher-Miller Land Grant
    Fisher-Miller Land Grant
    The Fisher-Miller Land Grant was part of an early colonization effort of the Republic of Texas. Its 3,878,000 acres covered between the Llano River and Colorado River. Originally granted to Henry Francis Fisher and Burchard Miller, the grant was sold to the German colonization company of Adelsverein...

     sets aside three million acres (12,000 km²) to settle 600 families and single men of German
    Germans
    The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

    , Dutch
    Dutch people
    The Dutch people are an ethnic group native to the Netherlands. They share a common culture and speak the Dutch language. Dutch people and their descendants are found in migrant communities worldwide, notably in Suriname, Chile, Brazil, Canada, Australia, South Africa, New Zealand, and the United...

    , Swiss, Danish, Swedish, and Norwegian ancestry in Texas.
  • 1844, June 26 - Henry Francis Fisher
    Henry Francis Fisher
    Henry Francis Fisher , a notable German Texan, was born in Kassel, Hesse. In 1837 or early 1838 he came to Houston, Texas, where he was consul for the Hanseatic League...

     sells interest in land grant to Adelsverein.
  • 1845 Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels
    Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels
    Prince Carl of Solms-Braunfels , was a German prince and military officer in both the Austrian army and in the cavalry of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. As Commissioner General of the Adelsverein, he spearheaded the establishment of colonies of German immigrants in Texas...

     secures title to 1265 acres (5.1 km²) of the Veramendi grant, including the Comal Springs and River, for the Adelsverein. Thousands of German immigrants are stranded at port of disembarkation Indianaola
    Indianola, Texas
    Indianola is a ghost town located on Matagorda Bay in Calhoun County, Texas, United States. The community, once the county seat of Calhoun County, is a part of the Victoria, Texas, Metropolitan Statistical Area. In 1875, the city had a population of 5,000, but on September 15 of that year, a...

     on Matagorda Bay
    Matagorda Bay
    Matagorda Bay is a large estuary bay on the Texas coast, lying in Calhoun and Matagorda counties and located approximately northeast of Corpus Christi, southeast of San Antonio, southwest of Houston, and southeast of Austin. It is separated from the Gulf of Mexico by Matagorda Peninsula and...

    . With no food or shelters, living in holes dug into the ground, an estimated 50% die from disease or starvation.
  • 1846Joshua Brown (Texas pioneer)
    Joshua Brown (Texas pioneer)
    Joshua D. Brown was a Texas pioneer who in the 1850s became the first settler of Kerrville, the seat of Kerr County in the Texas Hill Country west of San Antonio....

     becomes first settler.
  • 1854 May 14–15, The Texas State Convention of Germans meet in San Antonio and adopt a political, social and religious platform, including: 1) Equal pay for equal work; 2) Direct election of the President of the United States; 3) Abolition of capital punishment; 4) “Slavery is an evil, the abolition of which is a requirement of democratic principles..”; 5) Free schools – including universities - supported by the state, without religious influence; and 6) Total separation of church and state.
  • 1855, July 8 - United States Army post Camp Verde
    Old Camp Verde
    Camp Verde was a United States Army facility established on July 8, 1856 in Kerr County, Texas along the road from San Antonio to El Paso.The camp was the headquarters for U.S. Camel Corps, which experimented with using dromedaries as pack animals in the southwestern United States...

     established.
  • 1856 Kerr County is formed from Bexar Land District Number 2. Joshua Brown donates the land that will become Kerrville, and has it named for his friend James Kerr
    James Kerr (Texas)
    James Kerr was a politician in Missouri and Texas who was active in the establishment of the Republic of Texas.-Early life and family:...

    . Kerrville
    Kerrville, Texas
    Kerrville is a city in Kerr County, Texas, United States. The population was 20,425 at the 2000 census. In 2009, the population was 22,826...

     is the county seat. U.S. Camel Corps headquartered at Verde is the brainchild of United States Secretary of War
    United States Secretary of War
    The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington's administration. A similar position, called either "Secretary at War" or "Secretary of War," was appointed to serve the Congress of the Confederation under the Articles of Confederation...

     (1853–57) Jefferson Davis
    Jefferson Davis
    Jefferson Finis Davis , also known as Jeff Davis, was an American statesman and leader of the Confederacy during the American Civil War, serving as President for its entire history. He was born in Kentucky to Samuel and Jane Davis...

    .
  • 1859 Community of Center Point is established.
  • 1860-1861 County population of 634, includes 49 slaves. Sons of Hermann
    Sons of Hermann
    The Order of the Sons of Hermann, also known as Hermann Sons and by its German name as der Orden der Hermann's Soehne or Hermannssöhne, was formed as a mutual protection society for German immigrants in New York City on July 20, 1840....

     lodge, for descendents of German heritage, is established in the County. The lodge is named for German chieftain folk hero Hermann the Cherusker
    Arminius
    Arminius , also known as Armin or Hermann was a chieftain of the Germanic Cherusci who defeated a Roman army in the Battle of the Teutoburg Forest...

    .
  • 1861 A bitterly divided Kerr County votes 76-57 for secession from the Union, with most German
    Germans
    The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....

     residents being against it. Unionists from Kerr, Gillespie
    Gillespie County, Texas
    Gillespie County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, its population was 24,837. It is located in the heart of the Texas Hill Country. Gillespie is named for Robert Addison Gillespie, who came to Texas in 1837. He was a Texas Ranger, an Indian fighter, a...

    , and Kendall
    Kendall County, Texas
    Kendall County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2008 census, its population was 32,886. Its seat is Boerne....

     counties participate in the formation of the Union League
    Union League
    A Union League is one of a number of organizations established starting in 1862, during the American Civil War to promote loyalty to the Union and the policies of Abraham Lincoln. They were also known as Loyal Leagues. They comprised upper middle class men who supported efforts such as the United...

    , a secret organization to support President Abraham Lincoln’s
    Abraham Lincoln
    Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union, while ending slavery, and...

     policies.
  • 1862 The Union League forms companies to protect the frontier against Indians and their families against local Confederate forces. Conscientious objectors to the military draft are primarily among Tejanos and Germans . Confederate authorities impose martial law on Central Texas. Nueces massacre
    Nueces massacre
    The Nueces massacre was a violent confrontation between Confederate soldiers and German Texans on August 10, 1862 in Kinney County, Texas. Many Germans in Central Texas were first-generation immigrants from Germany. They tended to support the Union and were opposed to the institution of slavery. ...

     in Kinney County
    Kinney County, Texas
    Kinney County is a county located in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 3,379. Its seat is Brackettville. Kinney County is named for Henry Lawrence Kinney, an early settler.-Geography:...

    . Jacob Kuechler serves as a guide for 61 conscientious objectors attempting to flee to Mexico. Scottish
    Scottish people
    The Scottish people , or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.In modern use,...

     born Confederate irregular James Duff and his Duff’s Partisan Rangers
    Texas Civil War Confederate Units
    This is a list of Texas American Civil War Confederate Units.-Infantry:* 1st Infantry Battalion * 1st Infantry Battalion * 1st Infantry *Company A...

     pursue and overtake them at the Nueces River
    Nueces River
    The Nueces River is a river in the U.S. state of Texas, approximately long. It drains a region in central and southern Texas southeastward into the Gulf of Mexico. It is the southernmost major river in Texas northeast of the Rio Grande...

    . 34 are killed, some executed after being taken prisoner. Jacob Kuechler survives the battle. The cruelty shocks the people of Gillespie County. 2,000 take to the hills to escape Duff's reign of terror. Spring Creek Cemetery near Harper
    Harper, Texas
    Harper is a census-designated place , located west of Fredericksburg on U.S. Highway 290, in Gillespie County, in the U.S. state of Texas. The population was 1,192 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Harper is located at...

     in Gillespie County has a singular grave with the names Sebird Henderson, Hiram Nelson, Gus Tegener and Frank Scott. The inscription reads “Hanged and thrown in Spring Creek by Col. James Duff’s Confederate Regiment.”
  • 1866, August 10 - Treue der Union Monument
    Treüe der Union Monument
    The German-language Treue der Union Monument , in Comfort, Texas, was dedicated on August 10, 1866 to commemorate those who died at the 1862 Nueces massacre. Thirty-four were killed, some executed after being taken prisoner. With the exception of those drowned in the Rio Grande, the remains of the...

     ("Loyalty to the Union") in Comfort dedicated to the Texans slain at the Nueces massacre
    Nueces massacre
    The Nueces massacre was a violent confrontation between Confederate soldiers and German Texans on August 10, 1862 in Kinney County, Texas. Many Germans in Central Texas were first-generation immigrants from Germany. They tended to support the Union and were opposed to the institution of slavery. ...

    . It is the only monument to the Union outside of the National Cemeteries on Confederate territory. It is one of only six such sites allowed to fly the United States flag at half-mast in perpetuity.
  • 1880 Y O Ranch is founded by Charles Armand Schreiner
    Schreiner's
    Schreiner's A.K.A. Charles Schreiner & Company was a department store located in downtown Kerrville, Texas that was operated by Fort Worth-based Dunlaps.-History:...

     .
  • 1887 The San Antonio and Aransas Pass Railway is built through Kerrville.
  • 1919 The American Legion
    American Legion
    The American Legion is a mutual-aid organization of veterans of the United States armed forces chartered by the United States Congress. It was founded to benefit those veterans who served during a wartime period as defined by Congress...

     of Texas establishes what will eventually be called the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kerrville.
  • 1923 Schreiner University
    Schreiner University
    Schreiner University is a private liberal arts institution located in Kerrville, Texas. The University enrolls an estimated 1,100 undergraduate and graduate students. It offers 27 four-year undergraduate programs, an MBA and a master of education. Its religious affiliation is to the Presbyterian...

     is established in Kerrville.
  • 1926 Ora Johnson establishes Camp Waldemar Christian girls camp in Hunt
    Hunt, Texas
    Hunt is an unincorporated town in western Kerr County, Texas. It is located in the heart of the Texas hill country . The settlement was originally named Japonica; it was later changed to Hunt when Alva Joy purchased land in the area from Bob Hunt and established a US Post Office on the site...

    .
  • 1929 Mooney Aircraft
    Mooney Airplane Company
    The Mooney Aviation Company, Inc. is a U.S. manufacturer of single-engined general aviation aircraft. Mooney has been a leader in civil aviation even though the company has gone bankrupt and changed ownership several times...

     is established in Kerrville.
  • 1930 Kerrville is called the "Mohair Capital of the World."
  • 1949 The Sid Peterson Memorial Hospital is completed.
  • 1951 Kerrville State Hospital opens.

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau
United States Census Bureau
The United States Census Bureau is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census. It also gathers other national demographic and economic data...

, the county has a total area of 1108 square miles (2,869.7 km²), of which 1106 square miles (2,864.5 km²) is land and 2 square miles (5.2 km²) (0.14%) is water.

Major highways

  • Interstate 10
  • U.S. Highway 83
  • State Highway 16
    State Highway 16 (Texas)
    State Highway 16, or SH 16, is a north–south state highway that runs from U.S. Highway 281 24 miles south of Wichita Falls to Zapata on the Texas-Mexico boundary...

  • State Highway 27
    State Highway 27 (Texas)
    State Highway 27 is located in Kerr and Kendall counties and runs parallel to Interstate 10.-History: SH 27 was a route proposed by 1919 to run from San Antonio to Sonora and from Ft. Stockton to just west of Balmorhea, creating a more direct route from San Antonio to El Paso. By 1926, It became...

  • State Highway 39
    State Highway 39 (Texas)
    State Highway 39 is a state highway that runs primarily through the Texas Hill Country primarily in Kerr County.-Previous Routes: SH 39 was originally proposed in 1919 as a route stretching from Brownfield to Greenville. It has been extended northeast to Paris in 1926, replacing portions of SH 34...

  • State Highway 41
    State Highway 41 (Texas)
    State Highway 41 is a state highway that runs through the Texas Hill Country in Kerr, Real, and Edwards Counties.-History: SH 41 was proposed in 1919 as a route from Del Rio to Rocksprings to Kerrville to Boerne. By 1933, the highway had been shortened at both ends, now starting north of Del Rio...

  • State Highway 173

Adjacent counties

  • Kimble County
    Kimble County, Texas
    Kimble County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2000, its population was 4,468. Its county seat is Junction. Kimble is named for George C. Kimble, who died at the Battle of the Alamo.-Geography:...

      (north)
  • Gillespie County
    Gillespie County, Texas
    Gillespie County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2010, its population was 24,837. It is located in the heart of the Texas Hill Country. Gillespie is named for Robert Addison Gillespie, who came to Texas in 1837. He was a Texas Ranger, an Indian fighter, a...

      (northeast)
  • Kendall County
    Kendall County, Texas
    Kendall County is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. In 2008 census, its population was 32,886. Its seat is Boerne....

      (east)
  • Bandera County
    Bandera County, Texas
    Bandera County, formed in 1856 from Bexar and Uvalde counties, is a county located on the Edwards Plateau in the U.S. state of Texas. As of 2000, the population is 17,645. Its county seat is Bandera. Bandera is named for the Spanish word for flag...

      (south)
  • Real County  (southwest)
  • Edwards County  (west)

Demographics

As of the census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...

of 2000, there were 43,653 people, 17,813 households, and 12,308 families residing in the county. The population density
Population density
Population density is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living organisms, and particularly to humans...

 was 40 people per square mile (15/km²). There were 20,228 housing units at an average density of 18 per square mile (7/km²). The racial makeup of the county was 88.89% White
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 1.78% Black
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 or African American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.56% Native American
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.51% Asian
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 0.05% Pacific Islander
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, 6.60% from other races
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

, and 1.62% from two or more races. 19.13% of the population were Hispanic
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 or Latino
Race (United States Census)
Race and ethnicity in the United States Census, as defined by the Federal Office of Management and Budget and the United States Census Bureau, are self-identification data items in which residents choose the race or races with which they most closely identify, and indicate whether or not they are...

 of any race.

There were 17,813 households out of which 25.50% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.80% were married couples
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...

 living together, 9.20% had a female householder with no husband present, and 30.90% were non-families. 27.50% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.00% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.35 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the county, the population was spread out with 22.70% under the age of 18, 6.70% from 18 to 24, 22.20% from 25 to 44, 23.50% from 45 to 64, and 24.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females there were 92.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.80 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $34,283, and the median income for a family was $40,713. Males had a median income of $27,425 versus $21,149 for females. The per capita income
Per capita income
Per capita income or income per person is a measure of mean income within an economic aggregate, such as a country or city. It is calculated by taking a measure of all sources of income in the aggregate and dividing it by the total population...

 for the county was $19,767. About 10.30% of families and 14.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.60% of those under age 18 and 8.40% of those age 65 or over.

Unincorporated

  • Center Point (80)
  • Hunt
    Hunt, Texas
    Hunt is an unincorporated town in western Kerr County, Texas. It is located in the heart of the Texas hill country . The settlement was originally named Japonica; it was later changed to Hunt when Alva Joy purchased land in the area from Bob Hunt and established a US Post Office on the site...

  • Mountain Home
    Mountain Home, Texas
    Mountain Home is an unincorporated community in Kerr County, Texas, United States, at the intersection of State Hwy 27 and State Hwy 41. Although it is unincorporated, Mountain Home has a post office, with the ZIP code of 78058....


Kerr County in popular culture

  • 1963 Hud
    Hud (film)
    Hud is a 1963 western film whose title character is an embittered and selfish modern-day cowboy. With screenplay by Irving Ravetch and Harriet Frank, Jr., based on Larry McMurtry's 1961 novel Horseman, Pass By, it was directed by Martin Ritt and stars Paul Newman, Melvyn Douglas, Patricia Neal and...

    starring Paul Newman
    Paul Newman
    Paul Leonard Newman was an American actor, film director, entrepreneur, humanitarian, professional racing driver and auto racing enthusiast...

     is filmed at Camp Waldemar in Hunt.
  • 1972 The first Kerrville Folk Festival
    Kerrville Folk Festival
    The Kerrville Folk Festival is a music festival held for 18 consecutive days in the late spring/early summer at Quiet Valley Ranch near Kerrville, Texas. The event has run on a yearly basis since 1972. In November 2008, the Kerrville Folk Festival and Kerrville Wine & Music Festival were acquired...

     is held.
  • 1975 The Great Waldo Pepper
    The Great Waldo Pepper
    The Great Waldo Pepper is a 1975 drama film directed, produced, and co-written by George Roy Hill. It stars Robert Redford as a discontented airplane pilot in the years 1926-1931....

    starring Robert Redford
    Robert Redford
    Charles Robert Redford, Jr. , better known as Robert Redford, is an American actor, film director, producer, businessman, environmentalist, philanthropist, and founder of the Sundance Film Festival. He has received two Oscars: one in 1981 for directing Ordinary People, and one for Lifetime...

     is filmed in Kerrville.
  • 2005 Stonehenge II, a scaled replica of the famous British attraction, is featured in the book "Weird Texas."

See also

  • Adelsverein
    Adelsverein
    Society for the Protection of German Immigrants in Texas, better known as Adelsverein , organized on April 20, 1842, was a colonial attempt to establish a new Germany within the borders of Texas.-History:...

  • German Texan
    German Texan
    German Texan is an ethnic category that includes residents of the state of Texas with German ancestry who identify with the term. This identification may include cultural agreements—German language, German cuisine, feasts, music, hard work, frugality, and close family ties. From their first...

  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Kerr County, Texas
  • Capt. Charles Schreiner Mansion
    Capt. Charles Schreiner Mansion
    The Capt. Charles Schreiner Mansion is located in Kerrville in the U.S. state of Texas. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places listings in Kerr County, Texas in 1975. It was designated a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark in 1962. The mansion is currently the home of the Hill...


External links

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