Kineshma
Encyclopedia
Kineshma is the second largest town in Ivanovo Oblast
, Russia
, which sprawls for 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) along the Volga River
. Population:
in 1429. In 1504, Ivan III
gave it to Prince Feodor Belsky, who escaped to Moscow
from Lithuania
and married Ivan's niece. Later on, Ivan the Terrible
gave Kineshma to Ivan Petrovich Shuisky
, but after the latter's death it was returned to the tsar
in 1587. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Kineshma was a major fishing centre, which supplied sturgeon
s for the tsar's table. In 1608, it was twice ravaged by the Poles
. Throughout its history, Kineshma belonged to different Russian regions, including Arkhangelsk
province
, Yaroslavl
province, and Kostroma
guberniya
. Since the 18th century, the town's main industry has been textile manufacturing. Like all the textile centres in Russia, the town's prosperity declined after the perestroika
.
Kineshma's principal landmark is the Trinity Cathedral, built in 1838–1845 to a typical Neoclassical
design. There are also several 18th-century churches in the town. The neighbourhoods of Kineshma contain estates and museums of Alexander Ostrovsky, Alexander Borodin
, and Fyodor Bredikhin.
In 2010, Kineshma was granted status of a town of historical significance.
with: Baranovichi
, Belarus
Gudauta
, Abkhazia
Vantaa
, Finland
Ivanovo Oblast
Ivanovo Oblast is a federal subject of Russia .Its three largest cities are Ivanovo , Kineshma, and Shuya.The principal center of tourism is Plyos. The Volga River flows through the northern part of the oblast....
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, which sprawls for 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) along the Volga River
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
. Population:
History
Kineshma was first noticed as a posadPosad
A posad was a settlement, often surrounded by ramparts and a moat, adjoining a town or a kremlin, but outside of it, or adjoining a monastery in the 10th to 15th centuries. Usually it was inhabited by craftsmen and merchants, known as posadskiye lyudi .In the Russian Empire a posad was a small...
in 1429. In 1504, Ivan III
Ivan III of Russia
Ivan III Vasilyevich , also known as Ivan the Great, was a Grand Prince of Moscow and "Grand Prince of all Rus"...
gave it to Prince Feodor Belsky, who escaped to Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
from Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
and married Ivan's niece. Later on, Ivan the Terrible
Ivan IV of Russia
Ivan IV Vasilyevich , known in English as Ivan the Terrible , was Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 until his death. His long reign saw the conquest of the Khanates of Kazan, Astrakhan, and Siberia, transforming Russia into a multiethnic and multiconfessional state spanning almost one billion acres,...
gave Kineshma to Ivan Petrovich Shuisky
Shuisky
The Princes Shuisky were a Rurikid family of boyars descending from Grand Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Vladimir-Suzdal and Prince Andrey Yaroslavich, brother to Alexander Nevsky. Their name is derived from the town of Shuya, of which they gained ownership in 1403. The family briefly reached the...
, but after the latter's death it was returned to the tsar
Tsar
Tsar is a title used to designate certain European Slavic monarchs or supreme rulers. As a system of government in the Tsardom of Russia and Russian Empire, it is known as Tsarist autocracy, or Tsarism...
in 1587. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Kineshma was a major fishing centre, which supplied sturgeon
Sturgeon
Sturgeon is the common name used for some 26 species of fish in the family Acipenseridae, including the genera Acipenser, Huso, Scaphirhynchus and Pseudoscaphirhynchus. The term includes over 20 species commonly referred to as sturgeon and several closely related species that have distinct common...
s for the tsar's table. In 1608, it was twice ravaged by the Poles
Poles
thumb|right|180px|The state flag of [[Poland]] as used by Polish government and diplomatic authoritiesThe Polish people, or Poles , are a nation indigenous to Poland. They are united by the Polish language, which belongs to the historical Lechitic subgroup of West Slavic languages of Central Europe...
. Throughout its history, Kineshma belonged to different Russian regions, including Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
province
Province
A province is a territorial unit, almost always an administrative division, within a country or state.-Etymology:The English word "province" is attested since about 1330 and derives from the 13th-century Old French "province," which itself comes from the Latin word "provincia," which referred to...
, Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl
Yaroslavl is a city and the administrative center of Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Moscow. The historical part of the city, a World Heritage Site, is located at the confluence of the Volga and the Kotorosl Rivers. It is one of the Golden Ring cities, a group of historic cities...
province, and Kostroma
Kostroma
Kostroma is a historic city and the administrative center of Kostroma Oblast, Russia. A part of the Golden Ring of Russian towns, it is located at the confluence of the Volga and Kostroma Rivers...
guberniya
Guberniya
A guberniya was a major administrative subdivision of the Russian Empire usually translated as government, governorate, or province. Such administrative division was preserved for sometime upon the collapse of the empire in 1917. A guberniya was ruled by a governor , a word borrowed from Latin ,...
. Since the 18th century, the town's main industry has been textile manufacturing. Like all the textile centres in Russia, the town's prosperity declined after the perestroika
Perestroika
Perestroika was a political movement within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during 1980s, widely associated with the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev...
.
Kineshma's principal landmark is the Trinity Cathedral, built in 1838–1845 to a typical Neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
design. There are also several 18th-century churches in the town. The neighbourhoods of Kineshma contain estates and museums of Alexander Ostrovsky, Alexander Borodin
Alexander Borodin
Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin was a Russian Romantic composer and chemist of Georgian–Russian parentage. He was a member of the group of composers called The Five , who were dedicated to producing a specifically Russian kind of art music...
, and Fyodor Bredikhin.
In 2010, Kineshma was granted status of a town of historical significance.
Notable people
- Alexandr Borodin - composer and chemist
- Fyodor Bredikhin - astronomer
- Sergey KlyuginSergey KlyuginSergey Petrovich Klyugin is a Russian high jumper. He won the gold medal at the 2000 Summer Olympics with 2.35m, one centimetre behind his personal best jump from 1998. A bronze medal at 1998's European championships was his only other international medal.-Major achievements:-External links:...
- sportsman-high jumper. Champion of Summer Olympic games (Sydney, Australia, 2000) - Alexandr OstrovskyAlexandr Ostrovsky- Life and work :Ostrovsky graduated from the First Moscow Gymnasium and then studied law at Moscow State University , which he left without having taken the final examination....
- writer - Vitaly Tepikin - scientist-historian, writer
- Zoya Yakovleva - scientist-chemist, holder of an Order
- Andrei SemenovAndrei SemenovAndrei Vladimirovich Semenov is a Russian mixed martial artist and Sambo practitioner. He has also made forays into acting.Semenov has fought within the UFC middleweight division, in M-1 events and Pride Bushido, with an overall MMA record of 30 wins, 9 losses and 2 draws...
- mixed martial artist
Twin towns/sister cities
Kineshma is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with: Baranovichi
Baranovichi
Baranovichi , is a city in the Brest Province of western Belarus with a population of 173,000. It is a significant railway junction and home to a state university.-Overview:...
, Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
Gudauta
Gudauta
Gudauta is a town in Abkhazia and a centre of the eponymous district. It is situated on the Black Sea, 37 km northwest to Sukhumi, the capital of Abkhazia....
, Abkhazia
Abkhazia
Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...
Vantaa
Vantaa
Vantaa is a city and municipality in Finland. Helsinki, Vantaa, Espoo and Kauniainen make up the Helsinki Metropolitan Area.Vantaa, with its population of , is the fourth most populated city of Finland. The biggest airport in Finland, the Helsinki-Vantaa Airport, is located there...
, Finland
Finland
Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...