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Kodacolor (still photography)
Encyclopedia
In still photography
, Kodak
's Kodacolor brand has been associated with various color negative films (i.e. film intended for making color prints with) since 1942. Kodak claims that Kodacolor print film was the world's first true color negative film. The Kodacolor name has subsequently been used on
several negative films, including Kodacolor-X, Kodacolor VR and Kodacolor Gold.
, Kodak's current color negative films no longer use the Kodacolor brand name.
between 1942 and 1963. It was the first color negative film that they marketed.
When introduced, Kodacolor was sold with the cost of processing the film included, but prints were ordered separately. Both the film and processing procedures were revised through the years. The speed was increased to 32/16° in the 1950s.
After Kodak lost its anti-trust case in 1954, starting in 1955 processing was no longer included in the price of Kodacolor. Kodak made the processing information (by then C-22 process
) and chemicals available to other film processing labs.
While Kodacolor film was normally daylight balanced, for a while starting in 1956 it was balanced in-between daylight and tungsten, to allow use indoors, or with clear flash bulbs. This film used the prefix CU. This was not a great success, and the film returned to daylight balance a few years later.
Kodacolor was also available in Type A, balanced for 3400K photolamps. A suffix of A on the type number indicated Type A, such as C828A.
In 1958, Kodak made Kodacolor available in the 35 mm
format. Prior to that, the only 35mm color film it offered was Kodachrome
.
between 1963 and 1974. It was introduced along with the Kodak Instamatic
cameras which used 126 film
.
The film was designed to be processed in the C-22 process
, which was the predecessor to today's C-41 process
.
Only a few specialty labs still process this film, due to the length of discontinuation. Surviving Kodacolor-X and C-22 films can still yield color images, although it requires highly specialist recovery techniques.
. It was designed as a major improvement to meet the needs of the small 13×17 mm negatives used in 110 film
for the Kodak Pocket Instamatic
cameras.
The film was initially released in 1972 in the 110
size only, so that non-Kodak processing labs would have time to set up lines using the C-41 process
. The other sizes were released in 1973.
format. It was Kodak's first color negative film to use their T-Grain
technology. The T-Grain technology offered significant reduction in film grain, which was required for the very small 8×11 mm negatives used in the Kodak Disc cameras and film introduced in the same year.
It was also Kodak's first film to use an improved cyan color-coupler, that makes the cyan dye in the negative much more stable
, which made possible such a high speed film with tolerable grain.
The Kodacolor VR films were also Kodak's first to use developer-inhibitor-releaser, which improved edge effects for higher sharpness.
:
Photography
Photography is the art, science and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film...
, Kodak
Eastman Kodak
Eastman Kodak Company is a multinational imaging and photographic equipment, materials and services company headquarted in Rochester, New York, United States. It was founded by George Eastman in 1892....
's Kodacolor brand has been associated with various color negative films (i.e. film intended for making color prints with) since 1942. Kodak claims that Kodacolor print film was the world's first true color negative film. The Kodacolor name has subsequently been used on
several negative films, including Kodacolor-X, Kodacolor VR and Kodacolor Gold.
, Kodak's current color negative films no longer use the Kodacolor brand name.
Kodacolor
Kodacolor was a color negative film manufactured by Eastman KodakEastman Kodak
Eastman Kodak Company is a multinational imaging and photographic equipment, materials and services company headquarted in Rochester, New York, United States. It was founded by George Eastman in 1892....
between 1942 and 1963. It was the first color negative film that they marketed.
When introduced, Kodacolor was sold with the cost of processing the film included, but prints were ordered separately. Both the film and processing procedures were revised through the years. The speed was increased to 32/16° in the 1950s.
After Kodak lost its anti-trust case in 1954, starting in 1955 processing was no longer included in the price of Kodacolor. Kodak made the processing information (by then C-22 process
C-22 process
C-22 is an obsolete process for developing colour film, superseded by the C-41 process from 1972 for the launch of 110 film and 1973 for all other formats.The most common film requiring this process was Kodacolor-X.- External links :...
) and chemicals available to other film processing labs.
While Kodacolor film was normally daylight balanced, for a while starting in 1956 it was balanced in-between daylight and tungsten, to allow use indoors, or with clear flash bulbs. This film used the prefix CU. This was not a great success, and the film returned to daylight balance a few years later.
Kodacolor was also available in Type A, balanced for 3400K photolamps. A suffix of A on the type number indicated Type A, such as C828A.
In 1958, Kodak made Kodacolor available in the 35 mm
135 film
The term 135 was introduced by Kodak in 1934 as a designation for cartridge film wide, specifically for still photography. It quickly grew in popularity, surpassing 120 film by the late 1960s to become the most popular photographic film format...
format. Prior to that, the only 35mm color film it offered was Kodachrome
Kodachrome
Kodachrome is the trademarked brand name of a type of color reversal film that was manufactured by Eastman Kodak from 1935 to 2009.-Background:...
.
Kodacolor-X
Kodacolor-X was a color negative film manufactured by Eastman KodakEastman Kodak
Eastman Kodak Company is a multinational imaging and photographic equipment, materials and services company headquarted in Rochester, New York, United States. It was founded by George Eastman in 1892....
between 1963 and 1974. It was introduced along with the Kodak Instamatic
Instamatic
The Instamatic was a series of inexpensive, easy-to-load 126 and 110 cameras made by Kodak beginning in 1963. The Instamatic was immensely successful, introducing a generation to low-cost photography and spawning numerous imitators....
cameras which used 126 film
126 film
126 is the number given to a cartridge-based film format used in still photography. It was introduced by Kodak in 1963, and is associated mainly with low-end point-and-shoot cameras, particularly Kodak's own Instamatic series of cameras....
.
The film was designed to be processed in the C-22 process
C-22 process
C-22 is an obsolete process for developing colour film, superseded by the C-41 process from 1972 for the launch of 110 film and 1973 for all other formats.The most common film requiring this process was Kodacolor-X.- External links :...
, which was the predecessor to today's C-41 process
C-41 process
C-41 is a chromogenic color print film developing process. C-41, also known as CN-16 by Fuji, CNK-4 by Konica, and AP-70 by AGFA, is the most popular film process in use, with most photofinishing labs devoting at least one machine to this development process....
.
Only a few specialty labs still process this film, due to the length of discontinuation. Surviving Kodacolor-X and C-22 films can still yield color images, although it requires highly specialist recovery techniques.
Kodacolor II
Kodacolor-II was the first of a new generation of Kodak color negative films using the C-41 processC-41 process
C-41 is a chromogenic color print film developing process. C-41, also known as CN-16 by Fuji, CNK-4 by Konica, and AP-70 by AGFA, is the most popular film process in use, with most photofinishing labs devoting at least one machine to this development process....
. It was designed as a major improvement to meet the needs of the small 13×17 mm negatives used in 110 film
110 film
110 is a cartridge-based film format used in still photography. It was introduced by Kodak in 1972. 110 is a miniaturised version of Kodak's earlier 126 film format. Each frame is , with one registration hole....
for the Kodak Pocket Instamatic
Instamatic
The Instamatic was a series of inexpensive, easy-to-load 126 and 110 cameras made by Kodak beginning in 1963. The Instamatic was immensely successful, introducing a generation to low-cost photography and spawning numerous imitators....
cameras.
The film was initially released in 1972 in the 110
110 film
110 is a cartridge-based film format used in still photography. It was introduced by Kodak in 1972. 110 is a miniaturised version of Kodak's earlier 126 film format. Each frame is , with one registration hole....
size only, so that non-Kodak processing labs would have time to set up lines using the C-41 process
C-41 process
C-41 is a chromogenic color print film developing process. C-41, also known as CN-16 by Fuji, CNK-4 by Konica, and AP-70 by AGFA, is the most popular film process in use, with most photofinishing labs devoting at least one machine to this development process....
. The other sizes were released in 1973.
Kodacolor 400
Kodacolor 400 was available by or before 1981. It offered a major speed increase over Kodacolor II.Kodacolor HR
Kodacolor HR was only available in the DiscDisc film
thumb|Cartridge of disc filmDisc film was a still-photography film format aimed at the consumer market, and introduced by Kodak in 1982.The film was in the form of a flat disc, and was fully housed within a plastic cartridge...
format. It was Kodak's first color negative film to use their T-Grain
Tabular-grain film
Tabular-grain film is a type of photographic film that includes nearly all color films, T-MAX films from Kodak , Delta films from Ilford Photo and the Fujifilm Neopan films...
technology. The T-Grain technology offered significant reduction in film grain, which was required for the very small 8×11 mm negatives used in the Kodak Disc cameras and film introduced in the same year.
It was also Kodak's first film to use an improved cyan color-coupler, that makes the cyan dye in the negative much more stable
Kodacolor VR 1000
Kodacolor VR 1000 was announced in 1982, and available in 1983. This was also a T-Grain filmTabular-grain film
Tabular-grain film is a type of photographic film that includes nearly all color films, T-MAX films from Kodak , Delta films from Ilford Photo and the Fujifilm Neopan films...
, which made possible such a high speed film with tolerable grain.
Kodacolor VR 100
Kodacolor VR 100 was introduced along with the 200 and 400 speeds in 1982. This transitioned the entire Kodacolor line of films to T-Grain technology.The Kodacolor VR films were also Kodak's first to use developer-inhibitor-releaser, which improved edge effects for higher sharpness.
Kodacolor VR 200
Kodacolor VR 200 used T-Grain technology. It was also available in the Disc film format (CVR).Kodacolor VR-G 200
Kodacolor VR-G 200 was later sold as Kodacolor Gold 200.External links
Companies processing films requiring Process C-22C-22 process
C-22 is an obsolete process for developing colour film, superseded by the C-41 process from 1972 for the launch of 110 film and 1973 for all other formats.The most common film requiring this process was Kodacolor-X.- External links :...
:
- Process C-22 UK, Europe and Australia
- Film Rescue USA and Canada