Kreft's dichromaticity index
Encyclopedia
Kreft's dichromaticity index (DI) is a measure
for quantification of dichromatism
. It is defined as the difference in hue
angle (Δhab) between the color
of the sample at the dilution, where the chroma
(color saturation) is maximal and the color of four times more diluted (or thinner) and four times more concentrated (or thicker) sample. The two hue angle differences are called dichromaticity index towards lighter (Kreft's DIL) and
dichromaticity index towards darker (Kreft's DID) respectively. Kreft's dichromaticity index DIL and DID for pumpkin seed oil, which is one of the most dichromatic substances are -9 and -44, respectively. This means, that pumpkin seed oil
changes its color from green-yellow to orange-red (for 44 degrees
in Lab color space
) when the thickness of the observed layer is increased from cca 0.5 mm to 2 mm; and it changes slightly towards green (for 9 degrees) if its thickness is reduced for 4-fold.
Color of pumpkin oil at increasing thickness/concentration presented in CIELAB colorspace diagram. Straight lines are vectors showing hue (angle) and chroma (length) of the color at maximal chroma (toward the square mark), and the colors of 4-fold less/more diluted or thick pumpkin oil (DIL and DID). Note that DID is -44.1 degrees and DIL corresponds to -8.97 degrees.
Dichromaticity (DIL and DID) of selected substances, calculated from their VIS absorption spectra by the computer algorithm “Dichromaticity index calculator”
Maximal chroma: chroma at concentration (thickness) where the color of the substance has maximal chroma (saturation), Angle at maximal chroma: the hue, which is represented by the angle of the vector to the color with maximal chroma in the CIELAB colorspace diagram.
Measurement
Measurement is the process or the result of determining the ratio of a physical quantity, such as a length, time, temperature etc., to a unit of measurement, such as the metre, second or degree Celsius...
for quantification of dichromatism
Dichromatism
Dichromatism is a phenomenon where the hue of the colour in materials or solutions are dependent on both the concentration of the absorbing substance and the depth or thickness of the medium traversed...
. It is defined as the difference in hue
Hue
Hue is one of the main properties of a color, defined technically , as "the degree to which a stimulus can be describedas similar to or different from stimuli that are described as red, green, blue, and yellow,"...
angle (Δhab) between the color
Color
Color or colour is the visual perceptual property corresponding in humans to the categories called red, green, blue and others. Color derives from the spectrum of light interacting in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of the light receptors...
of the sample at the dilution, where the chroma
Chroma
Chroma, the Greek word for color, may refer to:* Colorfulness or chroma, the perceived intensity of a specific color* Chrominance or chroma, one of the two components of a television signal* Chroma, a measure of color purity in the Munsell color system...
(color saturation) is maximal and the color of four times more diluted (or thinner) and four times more concentrated (or thicker) sample. The two hue angle differences are called dichromaticity index towards lighter (Kreft's DIL) and
dichromaticity index towards darker (Kreft's DID) respectively. Kreft's dichromaticity index DIL and DID for pumpkin seed oil, which is one of the most dichromatic substances are -9 and -44, respectively. This means, that pumpkin seed oil
Pumpkin seed oil
Pumpkin seed oil , a culinary specialty of south eastern Austria , eastern Slovenia , north western Croatia Pumpkin seed oil (Kernöl or Kürbiskernöl in German, bučno olje in Slovenian, bučino ulje or bundevino ulje in Croatian, and tökmag-olaj in Hungarian), a culinary specialty of south eastern...
changes its color from green-yellow to orange-red (for 44 degrees
Degree (angle)
A degree , usually denoted by ° , is a measurement of plane angle, representing 1⁄360 of a full rotation; one degree is equivalent to π/180 radians...
in Lab color space
Lab color space
A Lab color space is a color-opponent space with dimension L for lightness and a and b for the color-opponent dimensions, based on nonlinearly compressed CIE XYZ color space coordinates....
) when the thickness of the observed layer is increased from cca 0.5 mm to 2 mm; and it changes slightly towards green (for 9 degrees) if its thickness is reduced for 4-fold.
Color of pumpkin oil at increasing thickness/concentration presented in CIELAB colorspace diagram. Straight lines are vectors showing hue (angle) and chroma (length) of the color at maximal chroma (toward the square mark), and the colors of 4-fold less/more diluted or thick pumpkin oil (DIL and DID). Note that DID is -44.1 degrees and DIL corresponds to -8.97 degrees.
Dichromaticity (DIL and DID) of selected substances, calculated from their VIS absorption spectra by the computer algorithm “Dichromaticity index calculator”
| Substance | DIL | DID | Maximal chroma | Angle at maximal chroma |
| 1,1-diethyl-2,2-cyanine iodide | 4.3 | |||
| 107.1 | 44.6 | |||
| acridine orange Acridine orange Acridine orange is a nucleic acid selective fluorescent cationic dye useful for cell cycle determination. It is cell-permeable, and interacts with DNA and RNA by intercalation or electrostatic attractions respectively. When bound to DNA, it is very similar spectrally to fluorescein, with an... |
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| 118.4 | 88.3 | |||
| acridine yellow Acridine yellow Acridine yellow, also known as acridine yellow G, acridine yellow H107, basic yellow K, and 3,6-diamino-2,7-dimethylacridine, is a yellow dye with strong bluish-violet fluorescence. It is a derivate of acridine. In histology, it is used as a fluorescent stain, and as a fluorescent probe for... |
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| 123.1 | 98.6 | |||
| auramine O Auramine O Auramine O, also called Basic yellow 2, Pyocatanium aureum, aizen auramine, Pyoktanin Yellow, Canary Yellow, Pyoktanin, or C.I. 41000, is a diarylmethane dye used as a fluorescent stain. In its pure form, Auramine O appears as yellow needle crystals... |
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| 0.4 | 130.1 | 94.7 | ||
| beta carotene | ||||
| 131.8 | 91.5 | |||
| bilirubin Bilirubin Bilirubin is the yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism. Heme is found in hemoglobin, a principal component of red blood cells. Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine, and elevated levels may indicate certain diseases... |
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| 136.5 | 90.3 | |||
| bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue is used as an acid-base indicator, a color marker and a dye.-Acid-base indicator:As an acid-base indicator its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6... at pH 3.0 |
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| 107.6 | 86.6 | |||
| bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue is used as an acid-base indicator, a color marker and a dye.-Acid-base indicator:As an acid-base indicator its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6... at pH 3.2 |
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| 92.9 | 86.5 | |||
| bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue is used as an acid-base indicator, a color marker and a dye.-Acid-base indicator:As an acid-base indicator its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6... at pH 3.4 |
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| 74.5 | 37.8 | |||
| bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue is used as an acid-base indicator, a color marker and a dye.-Acid-base indicator:As an acid-base indicator its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6... at pH 3.6 |
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| 70.6 | 37.4 | |||
| bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue is used as an acid-base indicator, a color marker and a dye.-Acid-base indicator:As an acid-base indicator its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6... at pH 3.8 |
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| 65.5 | 34.3 | |||
| bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue is used as an acid-base indicator, a color marker and a dye.-Acid-base indicator:As an acid-base indicator its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6... at pH 4.0 |
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| 68.9 | 31.4 | |||
| bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue Bromophenol blue is used as an acid-base indicator, a color marker and a dye.-Acid-base indicator:As an acid-base indicator its useful range lies between pH 3.0 and 4.6... in water |
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| 104.7 | 86.4 | |||
| C3 indocyanine | 8.2 | 17.3 | 89.3 | 348.0 |
| chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a is a specific form of chlorophyll used in oxygenic photosynthesis. It absorbs most energy from wavelengths of violet-blue and orange-red light. This photosynthetic pigment is essential for photosynthesis in eukaryotes, cyanobacteria and prochlorophytes because of its role as primary... in ether |
29.2 | 60.7 | 50.4 | 201.4 |
| chlorophyll b Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll b is a form of chlorophyll. Chlorophyll b helps in photosynthesis by absorbing light energy. It is more soluble than chlorophyll a in polar solvents because of its carbonyl group. Its color is yellow, and it primarily absorbs blue light.... |
11.2 | 27.3 | 44.5 | 143.2 |
| coumarin 6 | ||||
| 131.2 | 96.5 | |||
| coumarin 343 | ||||
| 0.0 | 120.9 | 99.6 | ||
| cryptocyanine | 37.9 | 1.9 | 84.3 | 301.3 |
| crystal violet Crystal violet Crystal violet or Gentian violet is a triarylmethane dye. The dye is used as a histological stain and in Gram’s method of classifying bacteria. Crystal violet has antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties and was formerly important as a topical antiseptic... in glycerol |
9.7 | 3.3 | 141.3 | 318.3 |
| crystal violet Crystal violet Crystal violet or Gentian violet is a triarylmethane dye. The dye is used as a histological stain and in Gram’s method of classifying bacteria. Crystal violet has antibacterial, antifungal, and anthelmintic properties and was formerly important as a topical antiseptic... in water |
9.3 | 3.7 | 142.0 | 319.1 |
| fluorescein dibase Fluorescein Fluorescein is a synthetic organic compound available as a dark orange/red powder soluble in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications.... |
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| 120.4 | 75.4 | |||
| hemoglobin Hemoglobin Hemoglobin is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of all vertebrates, with the exception of the fish family Channichthyidae, as well as the tissues of some invertebrates... - oxy |
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| 108.4 | 42.6 | |||
| hemoglobin | ||||
| 62.3 | 19.0 | |||
| malachite green Malachite green Malachite green is an organic compound that is used as a dyestuff and has emerged as a controversial agent in aquaculture. Malachite green is traditionally used as a dye for materials such as silk, leather, and paper... |
7.3 | 24.4 | 61.2 | 223.2 |
| nile blue Nile blue Nile blue is a stain used in biology and histology. It may be used with live or fixed cells, and imparts a blue colour to cell nuclei.... in methanol |
34.9 | 7.8 | 78.3 | 288.9 |
| nile red Nile red Nile red is a lipophilic stain. It is produced by boiling a solution of Nile blue with sulfuric acid. As can be seen from the structural formulae, this process replaces an amino group with a carbonyl group. Nile red stains intracellular lipid droplets red... |
18.5 | |||
| 103.2 | 45.9 | |||
| proflavin at pH 7 | ||||
| 101.6 | 98.5 | |||
| pumpkin seed oil Pumpkin seed oil Pumpkin seed oil , a culinary specialty of south eastern Austria , eastern Slovenia , north western Croatia Pumpkin seed oil (Kernöl or Kürbiskernöl in German, bučno olje in Slovenian, bučino ulje or bundevino ulje in Croatian, and tökmag-olaj in Hungarian), a culinary specialty of south eastern... |
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| 59.8 | 102.2 | |||
| resazurin Resazurin Resazurin is a blue dye, itself nonfluorescent until it is reduced to the pink colored and highly red fluorescent resorufin. It is used mainly as an oxidation-reduction indicator in cell viability assays for bacteria and mammalian cells... |
33.2 | 40.6 | 36.2 | 331.3 |
| rhodamine Rhodamine Rhodamine is a family of related chemical compounds, fluorone dyes. Examples are Rhodamine 6G and Rhodamine B. They are used as a dye and as a dye laser gain medium. They are often used as a tracer dye within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport... 6G |
21.9 | |||
| 110.5 | 54.4 | |||
| vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins... |
34.8 | |||
| 102.0 | 39.8 | |||
Maximal chroma: chroma at concentration (thickness) where the color of the substance has maximal chroma (saturation), Angle at maximal chroma: the hue, which is represented by the angle of the vector to the color with maximal chroma in the CIELAB colorspace diagram.