Kromy
Encyclopedia
Kromy is a urban locality (an urban-type settlement
and the administrative center of Kromskoy District
of Oryol Oblast
, Russia
, located on the Kroma River (a tributary of the Oka
) 36 kilometres (22.4 mi) southwest of Oryol
. Population:
It was first chronicled in 1147, the same year as Moscow
. It was a center of one of the Upper Oka Principalities
of the 15th century. In 1595, it was fortified by Boris Godunov
in order to defend Muscovy from the Tatar raids
. During the Time of Troubles
it gained nationwide renown as a major stronghold of the rebels such as the Don Cossacks
led by Andrey Korela and Ivan Bolotnikov
's generals.
Kromy was an important agricultural center throughout the 19th century. A railway from Moscow
to Kharkov reached it in the 1850s. A large Neoclassical
cathedral dates from this period. Kromy was contested by Anton Denikin's forces and the Red Army
in October 1919.
Kromy lost its town status and was demoted to an urban-type settlement in 1924.
Urban-type settlement
Urban-type settlement ; , selyshche mis'koho typu ) is an official designation for a type of locality used in some of the countries of the former Soviet Union...
and the administrative center of Kromskoy District
Kromskoy District
Kromskoy District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 24 in Oryol Oblast, Russia....
of Oryol Oblast
Oryol Oblast
Oryol Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is the city of Oryol. Population: -Geography:It is located in the southwestern part of the Central Federal District, in the Mid-Russian Highlands. Kaluga and Tula Oblasts border it in the north, Bryansk Oblast is located to...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, located on the Kroma River (a tributary of the Oka
Oka River
Oka is a river in central Russia, the largest right tributary of the Volga. It flows through the regions of Oryol, Tula, Kaluga, Moscow, Ryazan, Vladimir, and Nizhny Novgorod and is navigable over a large part of its total length, as far upstream as to the town of Kaluga. Its length exceeds...
) 36 kilometres (22.4 mi) southwest of Oryol
Oryol
Oryol or Orel is a city and the administrative center of Oryol Oblast, Russia, located on the Oka River, approximately south-southwest of Moscow...
. Population:
It was first chronicled in 1147, the same year as Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
. It was a center of one of the Upper Oka Principalities
Upper Oka Principalities
The Upper Oka Principalities is a term traditionally applied in Russian historiography to about dozen tiny and ephemeral polities situated along the upper course of the Oka River at the turn of the 14th and 15th centuries...
of the 15th century. In 1595, it was fortified by Boris Godunov
Boris Godunov
Boris Fyodorovich Godunov was de facto regent of Russia from c. 1585 to 1598 and then the first non-Rurikid tsar from 1598 to 1605. The end of his reign saw Russia descend into the Time of Troubles.-Early years:...
in order to defend Muscovy from the Tatar raids
Muravsky Trail
Muravsky Trail or Murava Route was an important trade route and according to the Russian historiography a favourite invasion route of the Crimean Tatars during the Russo-Crimean Wars of the 16th and early 17th centuries. It was also used somewhat for peaceful trade...
. During the Time of Troubles
Time of Troubles
The Time of Troubles was a period of Russian history comprising the years of interregnum between the death of the last Russian Tsar of the Rurik Dynasty, Feodor Ivanovich, in 1598, and the establishment of the Romanov Dynasty in 1613. In 1601-1603, Russia suffered a famine that killed one-third...
it gained nationwide renown as a major stronghold of the rebels such as the Don Cossacks
Don Cossacks
Don Cossacks were Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don.- Etymology and origins :The Don Cossack Host was a frontier military organization from the end of the 16th until the early 20th century....
led by Andrey Korela and Ivan Bolotnikov
Ivan Bolotnikov
Ivan Isayevich Bolotnikov was the leader of a popular uprising in Russia in 1606–1607 known as the Bolotnikov rebellion . The uprising was part of the Time of Troubles in Russia.-Biography:...
's generals.
Kromy was an important agricultural center throughout the 19th century. A railway from Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
to Kharkov reached it in the 1850s. A large Neoclassical
Neoclassical architecture
Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
cathedral dates from this period. Kromy was contested by Anton Denikin's forces and the Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
in October 1919.
Kromy lost its town status and was demoted to an urban-type settlement in 1924.