Kumaoni
Encyclopedia
For the people of Kumaon see Kumauni People
The Kumaoni (कुमाँऊनी (Devanagari
)) are a people of the Kumaon
Division of Uttarakhand
, a region in the Indian Himalayas
. Their Kumaoni language (कुमाँऊनी भाषा (Devanagari
)) is one of the Central Pahari languages.
Kumaoni is spoken by over 2,360,000 (1998) people of India
n states of Uttarakhand
- Almora, Nainital, Pithoragarh
, Bageshwar, Champawat, Rudrapur (Udhamsingh Nagar) districts; Assam
; Bihar
; Delhi
; Madhya Pradesh
; Maharashtra
and Punjab
, besides being spoken in some regions of Himachal Pradesh
and Nepal.
The Central Pahari languages include Kumaoni and Garhwali (spoken in the Garhwal
region of Uttarakhand
). Kumaoni, like Garhwali, has many regional dialects spoken in different places in Uttarakhand. Amongst its dialects, the Central Kumauni is spoken in Almora and northern Nainital, Northeastern Kumauni is in Pithoragarh, Southeastern Kumauni is in Southeastern Nainital, Western Kumauni is west of Almora and Nainital.
Almost all people who can speak and understand Kumaoni can also speak and understand Hindi
, the official language of India
. However, due to a number of reasons, Kumaoni is one of the languages which is shrinking very rapidly. UNESCO’s Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger designates Kumaoni as language in the unsafe category and which requires consistent conservation efforts.
region, including, Johari, Majh Kumaiya, Danpuriya, Askoti, Sirali, Soryali, Chaugarkhyali, Kumaiya, Gangola, Khasparjia, Phaldakoti, Pachhai, and Rauchaubhaisi
Note: Baitada Dialect and Askoti Dialect are almost similar dialect.
Scholars also consider the heavy influence of Kumaoni on the Palpa language
of Nepal.
Spoken in Upper Reaches of Kumaon Himalayas.
dialect continuum
Kumauni shares its grammar with other Indo-Aryan languages
especially Garhwali
, Hindi
, Rajasthani languages, Kashmiri
and Gujarati
.
It shares much of its grammar with the other languages of the Central Pahari like Garhwali
and Jaunsari.
The peculiarities of grammar in Kumaoni and other Central Pahari languages exist due to the influence of the now extinct language of the Khasas
, the first inhabitants of the region.
In Kumauni the verb substantive is formed from the root ach, as in both Rajasthani and Kashmiri
. In Rajasthani its present tense, being derived from the Sanskrit present rcchami, I go, does not change for gender. But in Pahari and Kashmiri it must be derived from the rare Sanskrit particle *rcchitas, gone, for in these languages it is a participial tense and does change according to the gender of the subject. Thus, in the singular we have: - Here we have a relic of the old Khasa language, which, as has been said, seems to have been related to Kashmiri. Other relics of Khasa, again agreeing with north-western India, are the tendency to shorten long vowels, the practice of epenthesis, or the modification of a vowel by the one which follows in the next syllable, and the frequent occurrence of disaspiration. Thus, Khas siknu, Kumauni sikhno, but Hindi sikhna, to learn; Kumauni yeso, plural yasa, of this kind.
of the verb Lekh (लेख) to write, in all three tense
s in Kumaoni.
and Dinesh Pandey, and groups like 'Parvatiya Kala Kendra' (started by Mohan Upreti) and 'Parvatiya Lok Kala Manch'.
There are many kinds of folk songs from the area, including ceremonial mandals, martial panwaras and melancholy khuded, thadya and jhoda.
Musical instruments used in Kumaon music include the dhol, damoun, turri, ransingha, dholki, daur, thali, bhankora and masakbhaja. Tabla and harmonium are also used, but to a lesser extent.
The Music and its development have seen various phases of growth and have undergone lots of transformation during the course of time.
The earliest of the singers who left never ending impressions on the folk music of Kumaon were:
Some of the hit songs / albums being Fauji Lalit Mohan Joshi's "Maya Ki Yaad", "Tak Taka Kamla" and many other hit albums / songs
Kumauni people
Kumauni or Kumaoni are people from Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India.They include all those who speak the Kumaoni language or any of its numerous dialects, living in the Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Pithoragarh, Nainital,Bijnor,Udham Singh Nagar,Moradabad, districts of Uttarakhand,...
The Kumaoni (कुमाँऊनी (Devanagari
Devanagari
Devanagari |deva]]" and "nāgarī" ), also called Nagari , is an abugida alphabet of India and Nepal...
)) are a people of the Kumaon
Kumaon Division
For Kumaoni/Kumauni People see Kumauni PeopleKumaon or Kumaun is one of the two regions and administrative divisions of Uttarakhand, a mountainous state of northern India, the other being Garhwal. It includes the districts of Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar...
Division of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand , formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship...
, a region in the Indian Himalayas
Himalayas
The Himalaya Range or Himalaya Mountains Sanskrit: Devanagari: हिमालय, literally "abode of snow"), usually called the Himalayas or Himalaya for short, is a mountain range in Asia, separating the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau...
. Their Kumaoni language (कुमाँऊनी भाषा (Devanagari
Devanagari
Devanagari |deva]]" and "nāgarī" ), also called Nagari , is an abugida alphabet of India and Nepal...
)) is one of the Central Pahari languages.
Kumaoni is spoken by over 2,360,000 (1998) people of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n states of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand , formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship...
- Almora, Nainital, Pithoragarh
Pithoragarh
Pithoragarh, is a city with a Municipal Board in the Pithoragarh district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, was carved out of district of Almora in 1962.-Geography:...
, Bageshwar, Champawat, Rudrapur (Udhamsingh Nagar) districts; Assam
Assam
Assam , also, rarely, Assam Valley and formerly the Assam Province , is a northeastern state of India and is one of the most culturally and geographically distinct regions of the country...
; Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
; Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
; Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city....
; Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
and Punjab
Punjab (India)
Punjab ) is a state in the northwest of the Republic of India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest as well as the Pakistani province of Punjab to the...
, besides being spoken in some regions of Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh is a state in Northern India. It is spread over , and is bordered by the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on the south, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east...
and Nepal.
The Central Pahari languages include Kumaoni and Garhwali (spoken in the Garhwal
Garhwal Division
Garhwal is the north-western region and administrative division of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand which is home to the Garhwali people. Lying in the Himalayas, It is bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Kumaon region, on the south by Uttar Pradesh state, and on the north-west by...
region of Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand
Uttarakhand , formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship...
). Kumaoni, like Garhwali, has many regional dialects spoken in different places in Uttarakhand. Amongst its dialects, the Central Kumauni is spoken in Almora and northern Nainital, Northeastern Kumauni is in Pithoragarh, Southeastern Kumauni is in Southeastern Nainital, Western Kumauni is west of Almora and Nainital.
Almost all people who can speak and understand Kumaoni can also speak and understand Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
, the official language of India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. However, due to a number of reasons, Kumaoni is one of the languages which is shrinking very rapidly. UNESCO’s Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger designates Kumaoni as language in the unsafe category and which requires consistent conservation efforts.
Dialects of Kumaon region
In all, there are 20 dialects spoken in the KumaonKumaon Division
For Kumaoni/Kumauni People see Kumauni PeopleKumaon or Kumaun is one of the two regions and administrative divisions of Uttarakhand, a mountainous state of northern India, the other being Garhwal. It includes the districts of Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar...
region, including, Johari, Majh Kumaiya, Danpuriya, Askoti, Sirali, Soryali, Chaugarkhyali, Kumaiya, Gangola, Khasparjia, Phaldakoti, Pachhai, and Rauchaubhaisi
Dialects of Kumaoni Language
- Central Pahari
- Kali Kumaon, Central Kumaoni
- North-Eastern Kumaoni
- South-Eastern Kumaoni
- Western Kumaoni
- Askoti of AskotAskotAskot or Askote is a small Himalayan town in Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand in India. It is the part of Kanalichhina development Block and Didihat Tehsil....
- Bhabhri of RamnagarRamnagarRamnagar may refer to:Settlements in Bangladesh:* Ramnagar, BangladeshSettlements in India:* Ramanagar - a town near Bangalore in Karnataka state of India * Ramnagar, Agartala...
- Chaugarkhiyali of ChaugarkhaGarkhaGarkha is the Himalayan fertile and lush green mountain country in front of Askot region of Uttarakhand state of India in the Pithoragarh district . This region tilted from South West to North East. Literally in Kumauni it means the herds of cows. Well linked with roads with Ogla at its entry point...
- Danpuriya of Danpur
- Gangoli of Ganai-Gangoli (GangolihatGangolihatGangolihat is a small Himalayan hill town in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, India. It is tehsil and sub divisional headquarter of the district. Gangolihat is famous for its Shakti Peethas of Hat Kalika of goddess Kali. Nearby at 'Patal Bhubneshwar', underground caves are major tourist...
) - JohariShauka - JoharThe Shauka living in the Johar Valley of Goriganga river in Munsiyari Tehsil of the Pithoragarh district are also known as Johari or Johari Shauka. They are part of the larger Uttarakhand Bhotiya ethno-linguistic group, and one of the few of Uttarakhand tribes that shows a rich cultural heritage...
of Malla and Talla Johar - Khasparjiya of AlmoraAlmoraAlmora is a municipal board, a cantonment town in the Almora district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. Almora was founded in 1568.It is a town bustling with activity and a rich cultural heritage and history. It is considered the cultural heart of the Kumaon region of...
- Kumaiyya of ChampawatChampawatChampawat is a town and a nagar panchayat in Champawat district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is the administrative headquarters of Champawat district.-Mythology:...
- Pachhai of Pali-Pachhhau (RanikhetRanikhetRanikhet is a hill station and cantonment town in Almora district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand. It is the home for the Military Hospital, Kumaon Regiment & Naga Regiment and is maintained by the Indian Army....
, DwarahatDwarahatDwarahat is a town and a nagar panchayat in Almora district in the state of Uttarakhand, India.-Geography:Dwarahat is located at . It has an average elevation of 1,510 metres .-Demographics:...
) - Pashchimi
- Phaldakotiya of Phaldkot
- Rhau-Chaubyansi, (Nainital)
- Sirali of Sirakot (DidihatDidihatDidihat is a town and a nagar panchayat in Pithoragarh district in the state of Uttarakhand, India.-Etymology:Didihat is named after Kumauni language word 'Dand' means a small hillock.-Demographics:...
) - Soriyali of Sor Valley (PithoragarhPithoragarhPithoragarh, is a city with a Municipal Board in the Pithoragarh district in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, was carved out of district of Almora in 1962.-Geography:...
) - BaitadaBaitadaBaitada also Soradi is referred to the people of Baitadi district, of Nepal and also one of the dialect of Kumauni language spoken in the Baitadi District of Nepal or similar language spoken in other area like Darchula, Bhajhang , Dadeldhura , kanchanpur and kailali Districts of Nepal...
(Soradi) of Baitadi DistrictBaitadi DistrictBaitadi district , historical name “Bairath” , a part of Mahakali zone, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal, a landlocked country of South Asia. The district, with Baitadi as its district headquarters, covers an area of 1,519 km² and has a population of 234,418. The Baitadi...
-Darchula DistrictDarchula DistrictDarchula District of 121,996.The town has an Indian counterpart to its northwest, named Dharchula. The split between the two towns is just virtual as the traditions, culture, and lifestyle of the people living across both the regions are quite similar....
of Nepal and area of Pithoragarh DistrictPithoragarh DistrictPithoragarh district is the easternmost Himalayan district in the state of Uttarakhand, India. It is naturally landscaped with high Himalayan mountains, snow capped peaks, passes, valleys, alpine meadows, forests, waterfalls, perennial rivers, glaciers and springs. The flora and fauna of this area... - Dotiyali of Dadeldhura and Doti district of Nepal
Note: Baitada Dialect and Askoti Dialect are almost similar dialect.
Scholars also consider the heavy influence of Kumaoni on the Palpa language
Palpa language
The Palpa language of Nepal is closely related to the Nepali language, and is sometimes considered a dialect of it. It has Kumauni influence, and has also been classified as a dialect of that language....
of Nepal.
- Tibeto-Burman (NOT dialects of Kumaoni; these non-Indo-European languages are indeed spoken in Kumaon)
- Rang or RungBhotiyaThe Bhotiya are groups of ethno-linguistically Tibetan people living in the trans-Himalayan region that divides India from the People's Republic of China, and were originally a hill tribe. Their name, Bhotiya, derives from the word Bod , which is the Classical Tibetan name for Tibet...
- DarmyaliBhotiyaThe Bhotiya are groups of ethno-linguistically Tibetan people living in the trans-Himalayan region that divides India from the People's Republic of China, and were originally a hill tribe. Their name, Bhotiya, derives from the word Bod , which is the Classical Tibetan name for Tibet...
- BangbaniBhotiyaThe Bhotiya are groups of ethno-linguistically Tibetan people living in the trans-Himalayan region that divides India from the People's Republic of China, and were originally a hill tribe. Their name, Bhotiya, derives from the word Bod , which is the Classical Tibetan name for Tibet...
- Rang or Rung
Spoken in Upper Reaches of Kumaon Himalayas.
Grammar
Being part of the Indo-AryanIndo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan languages constitutes a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, itself a branch of the Indo-European language family...
dialect continuum
Dialect continuum
A dialect continuum, or dialect area, was defined by Leonard Bloomfield as a range of dialects spoken across some geographical area that differ only slightly between neighboring areas, but as one travels in any direction, these differences accumulate such that speakers from opposite ends of the...
Kumauni shares its grammar with other Indo-Aryan languages
Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan languages constitutes a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, itself a branch of the Indo-European language family...
especially Garhwali
Nepali language
Nepali or Nepalese is a language in the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family.It is the official language and de facto lingua franca of Nepal and is also spoken in Bhutan, parts of India and parts of Myanmar...
, Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
, Rajasthani languages, Kashmiri
Kashmiri language
Kashmiri is a language from the Dardic sub-group and it is spoken primarily in the Kashmir Valley, in Jammu and Kashmir. There are approximately 5,554,496 speakers in Jammu and Kashmir, according to the Census of 2001. Most of the 105,000 speakers or so in Pakistan are émigrés from the Kashmir...
and Gujarati
Gujarati language
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is derived from a language called Old Gujarati which is the ancestor language of the modern Gujarati and Rajasthani languages...
.
It shares much of its grammar with the other languages of the Central Pahari like Garhwali
Garhwali
The Garhwali language is a Central Pahari language belonging to the Northern Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. It is primarily spoken by the Garhwali people who are from the north-western Garhwal Division of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas.The Central Pahari...
and Jaunsari.
The peculiarities of grammar in Kumaoni and other Central Pahari languages exist due to the influence of the now extinct language of the Khasas
Khasas
The Khasas / Khas or Khasiyas are an ancient people, believed to be a section of the Indo-Iranians who originally belonged to Central Asia from where they had penetrated, in remote antiquity, the Himalayas through Kashgar and Kashmir and dominated the whole hilly region...
, the first inhabitants of the region.
In Kumauni the verb substantive is formed from the root ach, as in both Rajasthani and Kashmiri
Kashmiri language
Kashmiri is a language from the Dardic sub-group and it is spoken primarily in the Kashmir Valley, in Jammu and Kashmir. There are approximately 5,554,496 speakers in Jammu and Kashmir, according to the Census of 2001. Most of the 105,000 speakers or so in Pakistan are émigrés from the Kashmir...
. In Rajasthani its present tense, being derived from the Sanskrit present rcchami, I go, does not change for gender. But in Pahari and Kashmiri it must be derived from the rare Sanskrit particle *rcchitas, gone, for in these languages it is a participial tense and does change according to the gender of the subject. Thus, in the singular we have: - Here we have a relic of the old Khasa language, which, as has been said, seems to have been related to Kashmiri. Other relics of Khasa, again agreeing with north-western India, are the tendency to shorten long vowels, the practice of epenthesis, or the modification of a vowel by the one which follows in the next syllable, and the frequent occurrence of disaspiration. Thus, Khas siknu, Kumauni sikhno, but Hindi sikhna, to learn; Kumauni yeso, plural yasa, of this kind.
| Khas-kura | Kumauni | Kashmiri | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masc | Fem | Masc | Fem | Masc | Fem | |
| I am | chu | chu | chic | chu | thus | ches |
| You are | chas | ches | chai | chi | chukh | chekh |
| He is | cha | che | ch | chi | chuh | cheh |
Verb Conjugation
ConjugationGrammatical conjugation
In linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb from its principal parts by inflection . Conjugation may be affected by person, number, gender, tense, aspect, mood, voice, or other grammatical categories...
of the verb Lekh (लेख) to write, in all three tense
Tense
Tense may refer to:*Grammatical tense, a temporal linguistic quality expressing the time at, during, or over which a state or action denoted by a verb occurs...
s in Kumaoni.
Present tense
- Singular
Kumaoni Transliteration English मैं लेखनू main lekhnu I write तू लेख छे tu lekh chhe you write उ लिखनो U likhno he writes
- Plural
Kumaoni Transliteration English हम लेखनु hum lekhnu we write तुम लेख छो tum lekh chho you write ऊँ लेखन छन un lekhan chhan they write
Past tense
- Singular
Kumaoni Transliteration English मेल लिखौ maile lekho I wrote त्वील लिखौ tveel lekho you wrote वील लिखौ veel lekho he wrote
- Plural
Kumaoni Transliteration English हमुल लेखौ humul lekho we wrote तुमुल लेखौ tumule lekho you wrote उनुले लेखौ unule lekho they wrote
Future tense
- Singular
Kumaoni Transliteration English मैं लिखूंलो main lekhulo I will write तू लेखले tum lekhle you will write उ लेखल u lekhal he will wrote
- Plural
Kumaoni Transliteration English हम लेखुंला hum lekhula we will write तुम लेखला tum lekhla you will write ऊँ लेखल un lekhal they will wrote
Example short phrases
| Words/phrases | Transliteration | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| जै देव | Jai Dev | Hello (lit. praise the lord) Formal. |
| नमस्कार | Namaskar. | Hello/Hi |
| कस हेरे छे? | Kas hare chhe? | How are you? Informal |
| कस हेरो छा? | Kas haro cha | How are you? Formal |
| भल हेरो | Bhal hero | I am fine |
| काँ जे रे? | kaan je re | Where are you going |
| होए | Hoye. | Yes. |
| ना | Nā. | No. |
| कतु? | Katu? | How much?/How many? |
| काँ? | Kaa? | Where? |
| कसिक? | Kasisk? | How? |
| कैक? | Kaik? | Whose? |
| को? | Ko? | Who? |
| के? | Ke? | What? |
| के हेगो? | Ke hego. | What happened? |
Kumaoni literature
Kumaoni language has had many noteworthy writers, prominent among them are- Krishna Singh Nagarkoti "Kanhaiya"
- Dr. Y. D. Vaishnava "Ashok"
- Gumani Pant
- Girish Tiwari 'Girda (1942–2010)
- Gourda
- Shailesh MatiyaniShailesh MatiyaniRamesh Singh Matiyani 'Shailesh, popularly known as Shailesh Matiyani , is a Hindi writer, poet, essayist from Uttarakhand....
(1931–2001) - Mohan UpretiMohan UpretiMohan Upreti was an Indian theatre director, playwright and a music composer, considered one of the pioneers in Indian theatre music....
(1925–1997) - Sher Singh Bisht renowned as Sherda Anpad
- Jeevan Chandra Joshi 'Jeevan Barbajyu'
- Dr. Ramesh Chandra Shah
- Puran Chandra Joshi
- Gyan Pant
- Devki Nandan Kandpal
- Dr.Deepa Kandpal
- Dr.Dev Singh Pokhariya
- Himanshu Joshi
- Damodar Joshi 'Dewanshu'
- Bansidhar Pathak 'Jigyashu'
- Dr.Prayag Joshi
- Dr.Diwa Bhatt
- Bahadur Bora 'Sribandhu'
- Dr.Sher Singh Bisht
- Shekhar Joshi
- Mathura Dutt Mathpal
- Rajendra Bora Tribhuvan Giri
- Jagdish Joshi
- Naveen Joshi
- Dr.Yogendra Prasad Joshi 'Nawal'
- Navin Joshi 'Navendu'
- Hayat Singh Rawat
- Mahendra Matiyani
- Jugal Kishor Petshali
- Charu Chandra Pandey
- Balam Singh Janouti
- Kailash Chandra Lohani
- Gopal Dutt Bhatt
- Parvati Upreti
- Mohammal Ali Ajnabi
- Devki Parvtiya
- Veena Pani Joshi
- Ghananand Pandey
- Mohan Ram Tamta 'Mohan Kumaouni'
- M.D. Andola
- Deepak Karki
- Anil Bhoj
- Uday Kiroula
- Narayal Singh Bisht
- Sher Singh Mehra 'Kumaoni'
- Shemual Madho Singh
- Surender Singh Bisht (newal) (Jhargow) Marchula
- Karam Singh Bhandari
Films
- 'Megha Aa', (First Kumaoni Film). Director Kaka Sharma, Produced S S Bisht, 1987
- 'Teri Saun', (First film both in Kumaoni and Garhwali), written, produced, and directed by Anuj Joshi, 2003.
- 'Aapun Biraan' (Apne Paraye) by Shri Kartikey Cine Productions. Written by Rajendra Bora (Tribhuvan Giri). Produced by Bhaskar Singh Rawat. 2007.
- 'Madhuli' by Anamika Film, 2008.
Theatre
Kumaoni theatre which developed through its 'Ramleela' plays, later evolved into a modern theatre form with the efforts of theatre stalwarts like Mohan UpretiMohan Upreti
Mohan Upreti was an Indian theatre director, playwright and a music composer, considered one of the pioneers in Indian theatre music....
and Dinesh Pandey, and groups like 'Parvatiya Kala Kendra' (started by Mohan Upreti) and 'Parvatiya Lok Kala Manch'.
Music
Kumaoni folk music had its root in the lap of nature. The pure and blessed music have the feel and the touch of nature and subjects related to nature. The folk music primarily is related to the various festivals, religious traditions, folk stories and simple life of the people of Kumaon. Thus the songs of Kumaoni are a true reflection of the Cultural Heritage and the way people lives their lives in the Himalayas.There are many kinds of folk songs from the area, including ceremonial mandals, martial panwaras and melancholy khuded, thadya and jhoda.
Musical instruments used in Kumaon music include the dhol, damoun, turri, ransingha, dholki, daur, thali, bhankora and masakbhaja. Tabla and harmonium are also used, but to a lesser extent.
The Music and its development have seen various phases of growth and have undergone lots of transformation during the course of time.
The earliest of the singers who left never ending impressions on the folk music of Kumaon were:
- The most famous personality associated with Kumaoni Folk Music is Mohan UpretiMohan UpretiMohan Upreti was an Indian theatre director, playwright and a music composer, considered one of the pioneers in Indian theatre music....
, who is known for his Nanda Devi Jagar & Rajula Malu Shahi Ballad. He is famous for the great Kumaoni song Bedu Pako Baro Masa which for many years the identity of the hills of Uttarakahand. It is said this song was also a favourite of Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru who heard it in a band march as this song is also apopular marching song. - Shri Gopal Babu Goswami who is considered to be a legend in Kumaon for his melodious voice. His songs on the life of the members of the armed forces and their families like Kaile baje muruli , Ghughuti na basa and many others are legendary, it is said that when these songs were transmitted on All India Radio women could not help but weep when they heard the soul touching voice of Gopal Da as he was lovingly called.
- Heera Singh Rana is identified as a singer and asocial activist whose songs tell the tale of the pain of the people of the hills.
Some of the hit songs / albums being Fauji Lalit Mohan Joshi's "Maya Ki Yaad", "Tak Taka Kamla" and many other hit albums / songs
Radio
- With the aim to create a common platform for local communities of Supi in UttarakhandUttarakhandUttarakhand , formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship...
, TERIThe Energy and Resources InstituteThe Energy and Resources Institute, commonly known as TERI , established in 1974, is a research institute based in New Delhi focusing its research activities in the fields of energy, environment and sustainable development.-Introduction:TERI is an independent, not-for-profit, research institute...
launched 'Kumaon vani', a community radio service on March 11, 2010. UttarakhandUttarakhandUttarakhand , formerly Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India. It is often referred to as the Land of Gods due to the many holy Hindu temples and cities found throughout the state, some of which are among Hinduism's most spiritual and auspicious places of pilgrimage and worship...
Governor Margaret AlvaMargaret AlvaMargaret Alva is the Governor of the Indian state of Uttarakhand. Alva became Uttarakhand's first woman governor in July 2009...
inaugurated the community radio station, the first in the state. The 'Kumaon Vani' aims to air programmes on environment, agriculture, culture, weather and education in the local language and with the active participation of the communities. The radio station covers a radius of 10 km reaching out to almost 2000 locals around Mukhteshwar
- In order to create a folk genome tank of Uttarakhand where one can find each genre and occasions in the form of folk music, and to bring the melodious folk from the heart of Himalaya on global screen, the very first internet radio of Kumaon/Garhwal/Jaunsar was launched in year 2008 by a group of non resident Uttarakhandi from New York, which has been gaining significant popularity among inhabitants and migrants since its beta version was launched in year 2010. This was named after a very famous melody of hills of Himalaya, Bedupako Baramasa O Narain Kafal Pako Chaita BedupakoBedupakoBeduPako is an Uttarakhandi folk tune which was conceptualised and written by late Brijendra Lal Shah. It was first composed by Late Mohan Upreti and B M Shah and till date has come out in innumerable versions seen and heard by Uttarakhandis across the Globe. It was played on stage for the first...
Further reading
- Devidatta Sarma; Linguistic geography of Kumaun Himalayas: A descriptive areal distribution of Kumauni language (Studies in Tibeto-Himalayan languages). Mittal Publications; 1994. ISBN 81-7099-529-9.
- Devidatta Sarma; The formation of Kumauni language (SILL : series in Indian languages and linguistics). Bahri Publications; 1985. ISBN 81-7034-005-5.
- Taran- Sampadak Balam Singh Janouti
- Byan Tar-Sampadak Anil Bhoj & Deepak Karki
- Aankhar- Sampadak Banshidhar Pathak 'Jigyashu'
- Dudboli-Sampadak Mathura Datt Mathpal
- Sisoun by Banshidhar Pathak 'Jigyashu'
- Ukav-Hular by Dr.Ramesh Chandra Shah
- Kudrat-Kumaoni Kavita Sangrah (1969) by Damodar Joshi 'Dewanshu'
- Pakhan-Kumaoni Kavita Sangrah (1994) by Damodar Joshi 'Dewanshu'
- Gadyanjali-First Kumaoni Gadya Sangrah (1999) by Damodar Joshi'Dewanshu'
- Shikhar-Kumaoni Kavita Sangrah (2002) by Damodar Joshi 'Dewanshu'
- Anwar-First Kumaoni Kahani Sangrah (2004) by Damodar Joshi 'Dewanshu'
- Aapani Panyar-First Kumaoni Natak Sangrah (2006) by Damodar Joshi 'Dewanshu'
- Kumauni bhasha aur sahitya ka udbhav evam vikas by Dr. Sher Singh Bisht
- kumaun Himalaya ki boliyo ka sarveksan by Dr. Sher Singh Bisht
- Bharat Mata(Kumaoni Kavita Sangrah)by Dr. Sher Singh Bisht
- Ija (Kumaoni Kavita Sangrah) by Dr. Sher Singh Bisht
- Uchain (Kumaoni Kavita Sangrah) by Dr. Sher Singh Bisht
- Mankhi (Kumaoni Nibandh Sangrah) by Dr. Sher Singh Bisht
- Kachuvain by M.D.Andola
- Manyadar by Late Bahadur Bora 'Shribandhu'
- Dhartik Kakhin by M.D.Andola
- Pachhyan by Dr. Diva Bhatt & Bahadur Bora 'Sribandhu'
- Kumaoni-Hindi Lokokti evan Muhavara Kosh by Dr. Deepa Kandpal
- Baanj Gharak Pahru, Raaf, Kasak by Dr.Dev Singh Pokharia
- Kweer kumaoni Gadya Sangrah by Hayat Singh Rawat
- Dhad by Hayat Singh Rawat
- Burunsh - Kumaoni Kavya Sangrah
- Jangdi Ujyay - Kumaoni Kavya Sangrah
- Mansup Kumaoni Kavya Sangrah by Deepak Karki
- Kumaoni Shrimad Bhagvat Geeta by Dr. Yogendra Joshi 'Nawal'
- Teen Thoon- Kumaoni Kahani Sangrah by Dr. Yogendra Joshi 'Nawal'
- Kumauni Kavitayen by Navin Joshi 'Navendu'
See also
- Garhwali peopleGarhwali peopleGarhwali people are an Indo-Aryan ethno-linguistic group who primarily live in the Garhwal Himalayas of the north-western Indian state of Uttarakhand...
- GarhwaliGarhwaliThe Garhwali language is a Central Pahari language belonging to the Northern Zone of Indo-Aryan languages. It is primarily spoken by the Garhwali people who are from the north-western Garhwal Division of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand in the Indian Himalayas.The Central Pahari...
- KumaonKumaon DivisionFor Kumaoni/Kumauni People see Kumauni PeopleKumaon or Kumaun is one of the two regions and administrative divisions of Uttarakhand, a mountainous state of northern India, the other being Garhwal. It includes the districts of Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, and Udham Singh Nagar...
- GharwalGarhwal DivisionGarhwal is the north-western region and administrative division of the northern Indian state of Uttarakhand which is home to the Garhwali people. Lying in the Himalayas, It is bounded on the north by Tibet, on the east by Kumaon region, on the south by Uttar Pradesh state, and on the north-west by...
- Kumauni PeopleKumauni peopleKumauni or Kumaoni are people from Kumaon region of Uttarakhand, India.They include all those who speak the Kumaoni language or any of its numerous dialects, living in the Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Pithoragarh, Nainital,Bijnor,Udham Singh Nagar,Moradabad, districts of Uttarakhand,...
- List of languages by number of native speakers in India
External links
- Kumaoni(Johar Valley) Songs
- Kumaon.com, know all about Kumaon
- Kumaoni Language and Literature
- UNESCO
- Learn Kumaoni Online
- Online Dictionary of Kumaoni language
- ISO/Ethnologue Language code: Kumaoni Language
- Kumaoni Language Songs
- ऊँचे पहाड़ों से .....जीवन के स्वर, कुमाउनी कवितायें हिन्दी भावानुवाद के साथ
- Kumaoni.org Kumaoni Community Portal