Kunjed Gyalpo Tantra
Encyclopedia
The Kulayarāja Tantra is a Buddhist Tantra extant in Tibetan which centers upon the direct teachings of the primordial, ultimate Buddha (Adibuddha), Samantabhadra
. Samantabhadra is presented or personified in this tantric Buddhist text as bodhi-citta
, the Awakened Mind, the "mind of perfect purity". In the Kunjed Gyalpo, Samantabhadra discourses to Vajrasattva
who asks questions in clarification. This tantric work is the principal 'mind-series'
(Wylie: sems sde) text of the Dzogchen
view of the Nyingma
sect of Himalayan Mantrayana. (Mantrayana is commonly known in English discourse as Vajrayana
or Tibetan Buddhism
). Importantly, the Kunjed Gyalpo is the first text in the Tsamdrak edition of the Nyingma Gyubum
.
tells of how he, the 'All-Creating King', is the essence of all things, beings and all Buddhas and that to know him, the Awakened Mind, is to attain the essence of Reality:
For a being to recognise their own Bodhicitta
or Samantabhadra Buddha (eternally existent) is to be liberated. Because sentient beings and all other phenomena arise because of Bodhicitta or the Mind of Perfect Purity, Samantabhadra refers to them in his teaching as his "children". Samantabhadra Buddha states:
Samantabhadra also insists: " ... everything is Me, the All-Creating Sovereign, mind of perfect purity ... I am the cause of all things. I am the stem of all things. I am the ground of all things. I am the root of all things ... There is no other Buddha besides Me, the All-Creating One."
It belongs to the nature of the unconditioned primal Awareness of Awakened Mind that it is eternal, indestructible and radiant with light:
"The characteristic of the self-originated pristine awareness is indestructibility, which is known as 'the place where all is light' [kun tu 'od kyi sa]". Also: "The three aspects of My nature are to be known as follows:
(1) unborn, (2), without termination, and (3) the source for the wonder of ceaseless creation ... My own-being [svabhava
, essence] is the sole Reality."
This ultimate basis of reality, Samantabhadra Buddha, also on occasion termed rigpa, is taught to reside in all beings and to be realisable - it is wisdom, the immortal essence, that is beyond thinking and which permeates the nature of mind and all things. It is the spontaneous, thought-transcending instant presence of all-encompassing awareness. It might be linked to the notion of Tathagatagarbha, which (e.g. in the Angulimaliya Sutra
) is stated to be the pure essence at the very heart of mind. However, all figures, i.e. Samantabhadra, Vairochana, Vajradhara etc. are traditionally understood to be personifications of emptiness, the true nature of all phenomena (although emptiness is not a major theme of this particular tantra). This being is the personification of Shunyata
or emptiness; that all phenomena lack true existence yet still appear, this basis that is found in all phenomena.. Other Tibetan traditions (notably those of the Jonangpa School of Tibet) envision this tantra in quite a different manner and see not a negative emptiness, but a fullness and all-fulfilling perfection of Buddhic Mind and virtue as constituting the heart of all that is.
Samantabhadra Buddha states:
This Reality is utterly unconditioned, non-dependent, and full of bliss. It alone knows itself:
Ultimate Buddhic Reality, described in this scripture as 'pure and total consciousness', is presented as fundamental essential substance, not engendered by causes and conditions - a true essence that is possessed of self-arisen wisdom that governs all things, both animate and inanimate, and which bestows life on all:
In this recondite realm, all speculation and conceptualisation is inadequate, and only direct perception of Samantabhadra Buddha can disclose the ultimate Truth:
"All that exists is My own being. The entirety of the animated and inanimated world is My own being. Outside of My own being, nothing is, therefore the root of all things consists in Me. Not one thing exists that does not consist in Me."
Samantabhadra
Samantabhadra , is a bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism associated with Buddhist practice and meditation. Together with Shakyamuni Buddha and fellow bodhisattva Manjusri he forms the Shakyamuni trinity in Buddhism...
. Samantabhadra is presented or personified in this tantric Buddhist text as bodhi-citta
Bodhicitta
In Buddhism, bodhicitta jang chub sem, Mongolian бодь сэтгэл) is the intention to achieve omniscient Buddhahood as fast as possible, so that one may benefit infinite sentient beings...
, the Awakened Mind, the "mind of perfect purity". In the Kunjed Gyalpo, Samantabhadra discourses to Vajrasattva
Vajrasattva
Vajrasattva is a bodhisattva in the Mahayana, Mantrayana and Vajrayana buddhist traditions...
who asks questions in clarification. This tantric work is the principal 'mind-series'
Semde
Semde translated as "mind division", "mind class" or "mind series" is the name of one of three scriptural and lineage divisions within Atiyoga, Dzogchen or the Great Perfection which is itself the pinnacle of the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan...
(Wylie: sems sde) text of the Dzogchen
Dzogchen
According to Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen is the natural, primordial state or natural condition of the mind, and a body of teachings and meditation practices aimed at realizing that condition. Dzogchen, or "Great Perfection", is a central teaching of the Nyingma school also practiced by...
view of the Nyingma
Nyingma
The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism . "Nyingma" literally means "ancient," and is often referred to as Nga'gyur or the "old school" because it is founded on the first translations of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Tibetan, in the eighth century...
sect of Himalayan Mantrayana. (Mantrayana is commonly known in English discourse as Vajrayana
Vajrayana
Vajrayāna Buddhism is also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Mantrayāna, Secret Mantra, Esoteric Buddhism and the Diamond Vehicle...
or Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, Bhutan, and India . It is the state religion of Bhutan...
). Importantly, the Kunjed Gyalpo is the first text in the Tsamdrak edition of the Nyingma Gyubum
Nyingma Gyubum
'Nyingma Gyubum' is the 'Collected Tantras of the Ancients', that is the Mahayoga, Anuyoga and Atiyoga Tantras of the Nyingma.-Canonization:The Nyingma Gyubum of the Nyingma was a dependent arising resulting from the 'normalization' of the Kangyur and Tengyur by the Sarma traditions which for the...
.
Name
The full title of the original work in Sanskrit is the Sarvadharma Mahasandhi Bodhichitta Kulayarāja Tantra; in Tibetan (rendered phonetically) it is Chö Tamched Dzogpa Chenpo Changchub Kyi Sem Kunjed Gyalpo.Summary
In the Kulayarāja Tantra, SamantabhadraSamantabhadra
Samantabhadra , is a bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism associated with Buddhist practice and meditation. Together with Shakyamuni Buddha and fellow bodhisattva Manjusri he forms the Shakyamuni trinity in Buddhism...
tells of how he, the 'All-Creating King', is the essence of all things, beings and all Buddhas and that to know him, the Awakened Mind, is to attain the essence of Reality:
"I am the existential ground (gnas chen) of all Buddhas" and "... the root of all things is nothing else but one Self ... I am the place in which all existing things abide."
For a being to recognise their own Bodhicitta
Bodhicitta
In Buddhism, bodhicitta jang chub sem, Mongolian бодь сэтгэл) is the intention to achieve omniscient Buddhahood as fast as possible, so that one may benefit infinite sentient beings...
or Samantabhadra Buddha (eternally existent) is to be liberated. Because sentient beings and all other phenomena arise because of Bodhicitta or the Mind of Perfect Purity, Samantabhadra refers to them in his teaching as his "children". Samantabhadra Buddha states:
"Oh all you sentient beings of this threefold world [i.e. the entire universe, both visible and invisible]! Because I, the All-Creating Sovereign, have created you, you are My children and equal to Me. Because you are not second to Me, I am present in you ... Oh all you sentient beings of this threefold world, if I were not, you would be non-existent. ... Because all things do not exist outside of Me, I firmly declare that I am all - the All-Creating One."
Samantabhadra also insists: " ... everything is Me, the All-Creating Sovereign, mind of perfect purity ... I am the cause of all things. I am the stem of all things. I am the ground of all things. I am the root of all things ... There is no other Buddha besides Me, the All-Creating One."
It belongs to the nature of the unconditioned primal Awareness of Awakened Mind that it is eternal, indestructible and radiant with light:
"The characteristic of the self-originated pristine awareness is indestructibility, which is known as 'the place where all is light' [kun tu 'od kyi sa]". Also: "The three aspects of My nature are to be known as follows:
(1) unborn, (2), without termination, and (3) the source for the wonder of ceaseless creation ... My own-being [svabhava
Svabhava
Svabhava Pāli: sabhāva; Chinese: 自性 zìxìng; ) is intrinsic nature, essential nature or essence.The concept and term svabhāva are frequently encountered in Dharmic traditions such as Advaita Vedānta , Mahāyāna Buddhism Svabhava (Sanskrit: स्वभाव; IAST: svabhāva) Pāli: sabhāva; Chinese: 自性 zìxìng; )...
, essence] is the sole Reality."
This ultimate basis of reality, Samantabhadra Buddha, also on occasion termed rigpa, is taught to reside in all beings and to be realisable - it is wisdom, the immortal essence, that is beyond thinking and which permeates the nature of mind and all things. It is the spontaneous, thought-transcending instant presence of all-encompassing awareness. It might be linked to the notion of Tathagatagarbha, which (e.g. in the Angulimaliya Sutra
Angulimaliya Sutra
The Angulimaliya Sutra is a Buddhist scripture belonging to the Tathāgatagarbha class of sūtra, which teach that the Buddha is eternal, that the non-Self and emptiness teachings only apply to the worldly sphere , and that the tathagatagarbha is real and immanent within all beings and all phenomena...
) is stated to be the pure essence at the very heart of mind. However, all figures, i.e. Samantabhadra, Vairochana, Vajradhara etc. are traditionally understood to be personifications of emptiness, the true nature of all phenomena (although emptiness is not a major theme of this particular tantra). This being is the personification of Shunyata
Shunyata
Śūnyatā, शून्यता , Suññatā , stong-pa nyid , Kòng/Kū, 空 , Gong-seong, 공성 , qoγusun is frequently translated into English as emptiness...
or emptiness; that all phenomena lack true existence yet still appear, this basis that is found in all phenomena.. Other Tibetan traditions (notably those of the Jonangpa School of Tibet) envision this tantra in quite a different manner and see not a negative emptiness, but a fullness and all-fulfilling perfection of Buddhic Mind and virtue as constituting the heart of all that is.
Samantabhadra Buddha states:
"From the three aspects [i.e. the Unborn; no ending; source of the wonder of ceaseless creation] of My nature, i.e. that of the All-Creating One, [comes] the fullness which fulfills all needs." And: "What is known as the revealed Buddha is this evidence of My own being. Because it has the centre, the central vigor, it is the Self of everything. As it does not need any deeds, it is the Buddha since the beginning. As it is free of striving and achieving, it is since the beginning known as great. The Great Self is known as the Great Buddha. This evidence which is unborn and non-conceptual is the dimension of Reality [dharmadhatu] ...".
This Reality is utterly unconditioned, non-dependent, and full of bliss. It alone knows itself:
"There is not one thing which is dependent on another. This great self-perfected bliss will intuitively be understood by the strength of the Self which is incomparable pristine awareness."
Ultimate Buddhic Reality, described in this scripture as 'pure and total consciousness', is presented as fundamental essential substance, not engendered by causes and conditions - a true essence that is possessed of self-arisen wisdom that governs all things, both animate and inanimate, and which bestows life on all:
"'Consciousness' means that self-arising wisdom, the true essence, dominates and clearly perceives all the phenomena of the animate and inanimate universe. This self-arising fundamental substance, not produced by causes and conditions, governs all things and gives life to all things."
In this recondite realm, all speculation and conceptualisation is inadequate, and only direct perception of Samantabhadra Buddha can disclose the ultimate Truth:
"All that exists is My own being. The entirety of the animated and inanimated world is My own being. Outside of My own being, nothing is, therefore the root of all things consists in Me. Not one thing exists that does not consist in Me."
Critique of English translation
- Skora, Kerry Martin (1996). A Review of
' The Sovereign All-Creating Mind－The Motherly Buddha: A Translation of the Kun byed rgyal po'i mdo' , by E. K. Neumaier-Dargyay (1992). SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press. The Review was published within Philosophy East and West. Vol.46 No.1. January 1996. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 107–116. Source: http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-PHIL/ew027217.htm (accessed: Sunday July 6, 2008)
Commentary
- LongchenpaLongchenpaLongchen Rabjampa, Drimé Özer "Longchenpa" was a major teacher in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism. Along with Sakya Pandita and Je Tsongkhapa, he is commonly recognized as one of the three main manifestations of Manjushri to have taught in Central Tibet...
wrote a commentary on this tantra entitled: byang chub kyi sems kun byed rgyal po'i don khrid rin chen sgru bo; this is translated into English by Lipman & Peterson (1987)
See also
- Anunatva-Apurnatva-NirdesaAnunatva-Apurnatva-NirdesaThe Anunatva-Apurnatva-Nirdesa is a Buddhist sutra belonging to the tathagatagarbha class of sutras...
- Buddha-natureBuddha-natureBuddha-nature, Buddha-dhatu or Buddha Principle , is taught differently in various Mahayana Buddhism traditions. Broadly speaking Buddha-nature is concerned with ascertaining what allows sentient beings to become Buddhas...
- God in BuddhismGod in BuddhismThe refutation of the notion of a supreme God or a prime mover is seen by many as a key distinction between Buddhism and other religions. In Buddhism the sole aim of spiritual practice is the complete alleviation of stress in samsara, called nirvana...
- Mahaparinirvana Sutra
- ShunyataShunyataŚūnyatā, शून्यता , Suññatā , stong-pa nyid , Kòng/Kū, 空 , Gong-seong, 공성 , qoγusun is frequently translated into English as emptiness...
- Srimala SutraSrimala SutraThe Śrīmālādevī Siṃhanāda Sūtra is one of the main early Mahāyāna Buddhist texts that teaches the doctrines of Tathāgatagarbha and the One Vehicle , through the words of the Indian queen Śrīmālā...
- Tathagatagarbha SutraTathagatagarbha SutraThe Tathāgatagarbha Sūtra is an influential and doctrinally striking Mahayana Buddhist scripture which treats of the existence of the "Tathagatagarbha" within all sentient creatures. The Buddha reveals how inside each person's being there exists a great Buddhic "treasure that is eternal and...
- Tathagatagarbha
Sources
- The Sovereign All-Creating Mind, tr. by E.K. Neumaier-Dargyay (Sri Satguru Publications, Delhi, 1992), p. 111 and passim
- The Supreme Source, C. Norbu, A. Clemente (Snow Lion Publications, Ithaca, NY, 1999)
- Skora, Kerry Martin (1996). A Review of
' The Sovereign All-Creating Mind－The Motherly Buddha: A Translation of the Kun byed rgyal po'i mdo' , by E. K. Neumaier-Dargyay (1992). SUNY Series in Buddhist Studies. Albany: State University of New York Press. The Review was published within Philosophy East and West. Vol.46 No.1. January 1996. University of Hawaii Press. pp.107-116. Source: http://ccbs.ntu.edu.tw/FULLTEXT/JR-PHIL/ew027217.htm (accessed: Sunday July 6, 2008) - Rabjam, Longchen (Longchenpa) (1987, 2000). You Are the Eyes of the World. (trans of kun byed rgyal po by Kennard Lipman & Merrill Peterson and with an introduction by Namkhai Norbu). Snow Lion Publications; Revised Edition. ISBN 1559391405; ISBN 978-1559391405