Lambeosaurinae
Encyclopedia
Lambeosaurinae is a group of crested hadrosaurid
dinosaur
s.
) and Corythosaurini (Corythosaurus
, Hypacrosaurus
, and Lambeosaurus
). Corythosaurini and Parasaurolophini as terms entered the formal literature in Evans and Reisz's 2007 redescription of Lambeosaurus magnicristatus. Corythosaurini was defined as all taxa
more closely related to Corythosaurus casuarius than to Parasaurolophus walkeri, and Parasaurolophini as all those taxa closer to P. walkeri than to C. casuarius. In this study, Charonosaurus
and Parasaurolophus are parasaurolophins, and Corythosaurus, Hypacrosaurus, Lambeosaurus, Nipponosaurus
, and Olorotitan
are corythosaurins. However, later researchers pointed out that due to the rules of priority set forth by the ICZN
, Any tribe containing Lambeosaurus is properly named Lambeosaurini, and that therfore the name "Corythosaurini" is a junior synonym. The enigmatic genus Tsintaosaurus
may form a clade
in Lambeosaurine with Pararhabdodon
and its probable synonym Koutalisaurus
.
, by Forster in a 1997 abstract, as simply "Lambeosaurinae plus Hadrosaurinae and their most recent common ancestor." In 1998, Paul Sereno
defined the clade Hadrosauridae as the most inclusive possible group containing Saurolophus
(a well-known hadrosaurine) and Parasaurolophus
(a well-known lambeosaurine), later emending the definition to include Hadrosaurus
, the type genus of the family, which ICZN
rules state must be included, despite its status as a nomen dubium. According to Horner et al. (2004), Sereno's definition would place a few other well-known hadrosaurs (such as Telmatosaurus
and Bactrosaurus
) outside the family, which led them to define the family to include Telmatosaurus by default.
The following cladogram was recovered in a 2010 phylogenetic analysis by Prieto-Márquez.
Hadrosaurid
Hadrosaurids or duck-billed dinosaurs are members of the family Hadrosauridae, and include ornithopods such as Edmontosaurus and Parasaurolophus. They were common herbivores in the Upper Cretaceous Period of what are now Asia, Europe and North America. They are descendants of the Upper...
dinosaur
Dinosaur
Dinosaurs are a diverse group of animals of the clade and superorder Dinosauria. They were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates for over 160 million years, from the late Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous , when the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event led to the extinction of...
s.
Classification
Lambeosaurines have been split into Parasaurolophini (ParasaurolophusParasaurolophus
Parasaurolophus is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 76.5–73 million years ago. It was an herbivore that walked both as a biped and a quadruped. Three species are recognized: P. walkeri , P. tubicen, and the...
) and Corythosaurini (Corythosaurus
Corythosaurus
Corythosaurus is a genus of duck-billed dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous Period, about 77-76.5 million years ago. It lived in what is now North America...
, Hypacrosaurus
Hypacrosaurus
Hypacrosaurus was a genus of duckbill dinosaur similar in appearance to Corythosaurus. Like Corythosaurus, it had a tall, hollow rounded crest, although not as large and straight...
, and Lambeosaurus
Lambeosaurus
Lambeosaurus is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur that lived about 76 to 75 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous Period of North America. This bipedal/quadrupedal, herbivorous dinosaur is known for its distinctive hollow cranial crest, which in the best-known species resembled a hatchet...
). Corythosaurini and Parasaurolophini as terms entered the formal literature in Evans and Reisz's 2007 redescription of Lambeosaurus magnicristatus. Corythosaurini was defined as all taxa
Taxon
|thumb|270px|[[African elephants]] form a widely-accepted taxon, the [[genus]] LoxodontaA taxon is a group of organisms, which a taxonomist adjudges to be a unit. Usually a taxon is given a name and a rank, although neither is a requirement...
more closely related to Corythosaurus casuarius than to Parasaurolophus walkeri, and Parasaurolophini as all those taxa closer to P. walkeri than to C. casuarius. In this study, Charonosaurus
Charonosaurus
Charonosaurus |Charon]]'s lizard") is the name of a genus of dinosaur whose fossils were discovered by Godefroit, Zan & Jin in 2000 on the south bank of the Amur River, dividing China from Russia.-Description:...
and Parasaurolophus are parasaurolophins, and Corythosaurus, Hypacrosaurus, Lambeosaurus, Nipponosaurus
Nipponosaurus
Nipponosaurus is a lambeosaurine hadrosaurid from Asia.The holotype was discovered in November 1934 during the construction of a hospital for the Kawakami colliery of the Mitsui Mining Company on Karafuto Prefecture , and additional material belonging to the specimen was recovered...
, and Olorotitan
Olorotitan
Olorotitan was a genus of lambeosaurine duckbilled dinosaur from the middle or latest Maastrichtian-age Late Cretaceous Tsagayan Formation beds located in Kundur, Amur Region, Far Eastern Russia. The remains, consisting of a nearly complete skeleton, were described by Pascal Godefroit et al. in...
are corythosaurins. However, later researchers pointed out that due to the rules of priority set forth by the ICZN
ICZN
ICZN may refer to:* International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, an organization, abbreviated "ICZN"* International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, published by that organization, often abbreviated as the "ICZN Code"....
, Any tribe containing Lambeosaurus is properly named Lambeosaurini, and that therfore the name "Corythosaurini" is a junior synonym. The enigmatic genus Tsintaosaurus
Tsintaosaurus
Tsintaosaurus is a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur from China. It was about long, tall and weighed 3 tons. The type species is T. spinorhinus, first described by C. C...
may form a clade
Clade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
in Lambeosaurine with Pararhabdodon
Pararhabdodon
Pararhabdodon was a genus of derived hadrosauroid or basal hadrosaurid dinosaur, from the Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Tremp Formation of Spain...
and its probable synonym Koutalisaurus
Koutalisaurus
Koutalisaurus was a genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur. It is based on a mostly complete dentary from the Maastrichtian-age Upper Cretaceous Tremp Formation near the town of Abella de la Conca, Lleida, Spain...
.
Phylogeny
Hadrosauridae was first defined as a cladeClade
A clade is a group consisting of a species and all its descendants. In the terms of biological systematics, a clade is a single "branch" on the "tree of life". The idea that such a "natural group" of organisms should be grouped together and given a taxonomic name is central to biological...
, by Forster in a 1997 abstract, as simply "Lambeosaurinae plus Hadrosaurinae and their most recent common ancestor." In 1998, Paul Sereno
Paul Sereno
Paul Callistus Sereno is an American paleontologist from the University of Chicago who discovered several new dinosaur species on several continents. He has conducted excavations at sites as varied as Inner Mongolia, Argentina, Morocco, and Niger...
defined the clade Hadrosauridae as the most inclusive possible group containing Saurolophus
Saurolophus
Saurolophus is a genus of large hadrosaurine duckbill that lived about 69.5-68.5 million years ago, in the Late Cretaceous of North America and Asia; it is one of the few genera of dinosaurs known from multiple continents. It is distinguished by a spike-like crest which projects up and back...
(a well-known hadrosaurine) and Parasaurolophus
Parasaurolophus
Parasaurolophus is a genus of ornithopod dinosaur that lived in what is now North America during the Late Cretaceous Period, about 76.5–73 million years ago. It was an herbivore that walked both as a biped and a quadruped. Three species are recognized: P. walkeri , P. tubicen, and the...
(a well-known lambeosaurine), later emending the definition to include Hadrosaurus
Hadrosaurus
Hadrosaurus is a valid genus of hadrosaurid dinosaur. In 1858, a skeleton of a dinosaur from this genus was the first dinosaur skeleton known from more than isolated teeth to be found in North America. In 1868, it became the first ever mounted dinosaur skeleton...
, the type genus of the family, which ICZN
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature
The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature is a widely accepted convention in zoology that rules the formal scientific naming of organisms treated as animals...
rules state must be included, despite its status as a nomen dubium. According to Horner et al. (2004), Sereno's definition would place a few other well-known hadrosaurs (such as Telmatosaurus
Telmatosaurus
Telmatosaurus is a genus of basal hadrosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. It was a relatively small hadrosaur, approximately five meters long, found in what is now Romania....
and Bactrosaurus
Bactrosaurus
Bactrosaurus is a genus of herbivorous dinosaur that lived in east China during the late Cretaceous, about 70 mya. The position Bactrosaurus occupies in the Cretaceous makes it one of the earliest known hadrosaurs, and although it is not known from a full skeleton, Bactrosaurus is one of the best...
) outside the family, which led them to define the family to include Telmatosaurus by default.
The following cladogram was recovered in a 2010 phylogenetic analysis by Prieto-Márquez.