Lampung
Encyclopedia
Lampung is a province
of Indonesia
. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra
and borders the provinces of Bengkulu
and South Sumatra
. Lampung is the original home of the Lampung people, who speak a distinct language
from other people in Sumatra and have their own alphabet. Its capital is Bandar Lampung
.
The province had a population of 7,596,115 at the 2010 census
. Three quarters of the current population of Lampung is descended from migrants from Java, Madura
, and Bali
. These migrants came on their initiative, in search of more land than was available on the more densely populated islands, and as part of the national government's transmigration program
, for which Lampung was one of the earliest and most significant transmigration destinations.
Lampung is commonly known for its geographical instability in terms of earthquakes and volcanoes. On 10 May 2005, an earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter scale struck the province. The historical volcano blast of Krakatau which occurred in 1883, had disastrous consequences.
and 2 cities: Bandar Lampung
and Metro
Some of the major produce in the country includes robusta Coffee bean
s, Cocoa beans, coconut
s and clove
s. This has resulted in a thriving agricultural sector with companies like Nestlé
procuring coffee beans from the region. This agriculture has included illegal growing in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
. In addition, Nata de Coco
is also manufactured in the region by domestic companies like Wong Coco.
tradition. Lampung weaving used a supplementary weft technique which enabled coloured silk or cotton threads to be superimposed on a plainer cotton background. The most prominent Lampung textile was the palepai, ownership of which was restricted to the Lampung aristocracy of the Kalianda Bay area. There were two types of smaller cloths, known as tatibin and tampan, which could be owned and used by all levels of Lampungese society. Weaving technologies were spread throughout Lampung. High quality weavings were produced by the Paminggir, Krui, Abung and Pesisir peoples. Production was particularly prolific among the people of the Kalianda Bay area in the south and the Krui aristocracy in the north.
The oldest surviving examples of Lampung textiles date back to the eighteenth century, but some scholars believe that weaving may date back to the first millennium AD when Sumatra first came under India
n cultural influence. The prevalence of Buddhist
motifs, such as diamonds, suggests that the weaving traditions were already active in the time when Lampung came under the Buddhist Srivijaya
n rule. There are similarities between Lampung weaving and weaving traditions in some parts of modern-day Thailand that experienced cultural contact with Sriwijaya.
Lampung textiles were known as 'ship cloths' because ships are a common motif. The ship motif represents the transition from one realm of life to the next, for instances from boyhood to manhood or from being single to married and also represents the final transition to the afterlife.
Traditionally, Lampung textiles were used as part of religious ceremonies such as weddings and circumcision
s. For instance, the palepai cloths were used as long ceremonial wall-hangings behind the bridal party in aristocratic marriages. The smaller, more humble tampan cloths were exchanged between families at the time of weddings.
Production of many fine cloths blossomed in the late nineteenth century as Lampung grew rich on pepper
production, but the devastating eruption of Krakatoa
in 1883 destroyed many weaving villages in the Kalianda area. By the 1920s the increasing importance of Islam and the collapse of the pepper trade brought production to a halt. Today Lampung textiles are highly prized by collectors.
Island.
Provinces of Indonesia
The province is the highest tier of local government subnational entity in Indonesia. Each province has its own local government, headed by a governor, and has its own legislative body...
of Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra
Sumatra
Sumatra is an island in western Indonesia, westernmost of the Sunda Islands. It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia , and the sixth largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 with a population of 50,365,538...
and borders the provinces of Bengkulu
Bengkulu
Bengkulu is a province of Indonesia. It is on the southwest coast of the island of Sumatra, and borders the provinces of West Sumatra, Jambi, South Sumatra and Lampung. The capital and largest city is Bengkulu city. It was formerly the site of a British garrison, which they called Bencoolen...
and South Sumatra
South Sumatra
South Sumatra is a province of Indonesia.-Geography:It is on the island of Sumatra, and borders the provinces of Lampung to the south, Bengkulu to the west, and Jambi to the north...
. Lampung is the original home of the Lampung people, who speak a distinct language
Lampung language
Lampung Api commonly known as Lampung is the name of an ethnic group and its language that is spoken in the Indonesian province of Lampung in south Sumatra...
from other people in Sumatra and have their own alphabet. Its capital is Bandar Lampung
Bandar Lampung
- External links :*...
.
The province had a population of 7,596,115 at the 2010 census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
. Three quarters of the current population of Lampung is descended from migrants from Java, Madura
Madura
Madura is an Indonesian island off the northeastern coast of Java. The island comprises an area of approximately 4,250 km². Madura is administered as part of the East Java province. It is separated from Java by the narrow Strait of Madura.-History:...
, and Bali
Bali
Bali is an Indonesian island located in the westernmost end of the Lesser Sunda Islands, lying between Java to the west and Lombok to the east...
. These migrants came on their initiative, in search of more land than was available on the more densely populated islands, and as part of the national government's transmigration program
Transmigration program
The transmigration program was an initiative of the Dutch colonial government, and later continued by Indonesian government to move landless people from densely populated areas of Indonesia to less populous areas of the country...
, for which Lampung was one of the earliest and most significant transmigration destinations.
Lampung is commonly known for its geographical instability in terms of earthquakes and volcanoes. On 10 May 2005, an earthquake measuring 6.4 on the Richter scale struck the province. The historical volcano blast of Krakatau which occurred in 1883, had disastrous consequences.
Administration
Lampung is divided into 12 regencies:- West Lampung RegencyWest Lampung RegencyWest Lampung Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 4,950.4 km² and a population of 410,848 people. The capital lies at Liwa. Administratively it is divided into 17 districts and 105 subdistricts and 6 subdistricts administered by lurah...
- South Lampung RegencySouth Lampung RegencySouth Lampung Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 2,109.74 km² and a population of 923,002 people as of 2007. The capital lies at Kalianda...
- Central Lampung RegencyCentral Lampung RegencyCentral Lampung Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 4,789.8 km² and a population of 1,177,967 people as of 2008. The capital lies at Gunung Sugih....
- East Lampung RegencyEast Lampung RegencyEast Lampung Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 5325.03 km² and a population of 909,389 people as of 2004. The capital lies at Sukadana....
- North Lampung RegencyNorth Lampung RegencyNorth Lampung Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 2725.63 km² and a population of 588,334 people as of 2008. The capital lies at Sukadana.-Administrative divisions:...
- Way Kanan RegencyWay Kanan RegencyWay Kanan Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 3921.63 km² and a population of 386,567 people. The capital lies at Blambangan Umpu. The regency is divided into 14 districts . It contains the Way Kambas National Park and Satwa Elephant Eco Lodge....
- Tanggamus RegencyTanggamus RegencyTanggamus Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 3356.61 km² and a population of 478,568 people. The capital lies at Kota Agung Pusat. It is divided administratively into 16 kecamatan...
- Tulang Bawang RegencyTulang Bawang RegencyTulang Bawang Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 6851.32 km² and a population of 860,854 people. The capital lies at Menggala, located about 120 kilometres from the provincial capital of Bandar Lampung...
- Pesawaran RegencyPesawaran RegencyPesawaran Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 2243.51 km² and a population of 418,256 people. The capital lies at Gedong Tataan.-History:...
- Pringsewu RegencyPringsewu RegencyPringsewu Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 625 km² and a population of 368,771 people. The capital lies at Pringsewu, located 37 kilometres from the provincial capital of Bandar Lampung...
- West Tulang Bawang RegencyWest Tulang Bawang RegencyWest Tulang Bawang Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 1201 km² and a population of 233,360 people. The capital lies at Penduduk....
- Mesuji RegencyMesuji RegencyMesuji Regency is a regency of Lampung, Sumatra, Indonesia. It has an area of 2184 km² and a population of 188,999 people as of 2006. The capital lies at Mesuji.-History:...
and 2 cities: Bandar Lampung
Bandar Lampung
- External links :*...
and Metro
Metro, Indonesia
Metro is an Indonesian city located in Lampung. Founded in 1936, it covers an area of and has a population of 145,471.-Etymology:Metro comes from the Javanese word mitro, meaning friend...
Some of the major produce in the country includes robusta Coffee bean
Coffee bean
A coffee bean is a seed of a coffee plant. It is the pit inside the red or purple fruit often referred to as a cherry. Even though they are seeds, they are referred to as 'beans' because of their resemblance to true beans. The fruits - coffee cherries or coffee berries - most commonly contain two...
s, Cocoa beans, coconut
Coconut
The coconut palm, Cocos nucifera, is a member of the family Arecaceae . It is the only accepted species in the genus Cocos. The term coconut can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which is not a botanical nut. The spelling cocoanut is an old-fashioned form of the word...
s and clove
Clove
Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to the Maluku islands in Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisines all over the world...
s. This has resulted in a thriving agricultural sector with companies like Nestlé
Nestlé
Nestlé S.A. is the world's largest food and nutrition company. Founded and headquartered in Vevey, Switzerland, Nestlé originated in a 1905 merger of the Anglo-Swiss Milk Company, established in 1867 by brothers George Page and Charles Page, and Farine Lactée Henri Nestlé, founded in 1866 by Henri...
procuring coffee beans from the region. This agriculture has included illegal growing in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park is a national park in Sumatra, Indonesia. The park has a total area of 3,568 km², and spans three provinces: Lampung, Bengkulu, and South Sumatra...
. In addition, Nata de Coco
Nata de coco
Nata de coco is a chewy, translucent, jelly-like food product produced by the fermentation of coconut water, which gels through the production of microbial cellulose by Acetobacter xylinus. Nata de coco is most commonly sweetened as a candy or dessert, and can accompany many things including...
is also manufactured in the region by domestic companies like Wong Coco.
Textile
Up until the 1920s, Lampung had a rich and varied weavingWeaving
Weaving is a method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. The other methods are knitting, lace making and felting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling...
tradition. Lampung weaving used a supplementary weft technique which enabled coloured silk or cotton threads to be superimposed on a plainer cotton background. The most prominent Lampung textile was the palepai, ownership of which was restricted to the Lampung aristocracy of the Kalianda Bay area. There were two types of smaller cloths, known as tatibin and tampan, which could be owned and used by all levels of Lampungese society. Weaving technologies were spread throughout Lampung. High quality weavings were produced by the Paminggir, Krui, Abung and Pesisir peoples. Production was particularly prolific among the people of the Kalianda Bay area in the south and the Krui aristocracy in the north.
The oldest surviving examples of Lampung textiles date back to the eighteenth century, but some scholars believe that weaving may date back to the first millennium AD when Sumatra first came under India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
n cultural influence. The prevalence of Buddhist
Buddhism
Buddhism is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha . The Buddha lived and taught in the northeastern Indian subcontinent some time between the 6th and 4th...
motifs, such as diamonds, suggests that the weaving traditions were already active in the time when Lampung came under the Buddhist Srivijaya
Srivijaya
Srivijaya was a powerful ancient thalassocratic Malay empire based on the island of Sumatra, modern day Indonesia, which influenced much of Southeast Asia. The earliest solid proof of its existence dates from the 7th century; a Chinese monk, I-Tsing, wrote that he visited Srivijaya in 671 for 6...
n rule. There are similarities between Lampung weaving and weaving traditions in some parts of modern-day Thailand that experienced cultural contact with Sriwijaya.
Lampung textiles were known as 'ship cloths' because ships are a common motif. The ship motif represents the transition from one realm of life to the next, for instances from boyhood to manhood or from being single to married and also represents the final transition to the afterlife.
Traditionally, Lampung textiles were used as part of religious ceremonies such as weddings and circumcision
Circumcision
Male circumcision is the surgical removal of some or all of the foreskin from the penis. The word "circumcision" comes from Latin and ....
s. For instance, the palepai cloths were used as long ceremonial wall-hangings behind the bridal party in aristocratic marriages. The smaller, more humble tampan cloths were exchanged between families at the time of weddings.
Production of many fine cloths blossomed in the late nineteenth century as Lampung grew rich on pepper
Black pepper
Black pepper is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. The fruit, known as a peppercorn when dried, is approximately in diameter, dark red when fully mature, and, like all drupes, contains a single seed...
production, but the devastating eruption of Krakatoa
Krakatoa
Krakatoa is a volcanic island made of a'a lava in the Sunda Strait between the islands of Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. The name is used for the island group, the main island , and the volcano as a whole. The island exploded in 1883, killing approximately 40,000 people, although some estimates...
in 1883 destroyed many weaving villages in the Kalianda area. By the 1920s the increasing importance of Islam and the collapse of the pepper trade brought production to a halt. Today Lampung textiles are highly prized by collectors.
Railroads
May 2011: A 270 kilometers railroad from Tanjung Enim to Lampung will be built soon to accommodate coal transportation using in JavaJava
Java is an island of Indonesia. With a population of 135 million , it is the world's most populous island, and one of the most densely populated regions in the world. It is home to 60% of Indonesia's population. The Indonesian capital city, Jakarta, is in west Java...
Island.
Tourism
Tourism is not Lampung Regency main income, although the administration will boost tourism as organize tourism event, Flamboyant Tanjung Setia to draw tourists visit to Tanjung Setia Beach which has natural panoramic view and challenging waves for surfing. In 2010, there are 400,000 tourists visited Lampung Regency including 10,000 foreign tourists mainly came from Australia and New Zealand.Further reading
- Elmhirst, R. (2001). Resource Struggles and the Politics of Place in North Lampung, Indonesia. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography. 22(3):284-307.
- Pain, Marc (ed). (1989). Transmigration and spontaneous migrations in Indonesia : Propinsi Lampung. Bondy, France: ORSTOM.