Lardizabalaceae
Encyclopedia
Lardizabalaceae is a family
of flowering plants.
The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system
(2003; unchanged from the APG system
of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales
, in the clade eudicots
.
The family consist of 8-9 genera with 30-50 species of woody plant
s. All are liana
s, save Decaisnea
, which are pachycaul shrub
s. The leaves
are alternate, and compound (usually palmate), with pulvinate leaflets. The flower
s are often in drooping racemes.
They are found in eastern Asia
, from the Himalayas to Japan, with the exception of the genera Lardizabala
and Boquila
, both native to southern South America
(Chile
, and Boquila also in adjacent western Argentina
).
Selected genera
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
of flowering plants.
The family has been universally recognized by taxonomists, including the APG II system
APG II system
The APG II system of plant classification is the second, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in April 2003 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was a revision of the first APG system, published in 1998, and was superseded in 2009...
(2003; unchanged from the APG system
APG system
The APG system of plant classification is the first, now obsolete, version of a modern, mostly molecular-based, system of plant taxonomy that was published in 1998 by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. It was superseded in 2003 by a revision, the APG II system, and then in 2009 by a further...
of 1998), which places it in the order Ranunculales
Ranunculales
Ranunculales is an order of flowering plants. Of necessity it contains the family Ranunculaceae, the buttercup family, because the name of the order is based on the name of a genus in that family. Ranunculales belongs to a paraphyletic group known as the basal eudicots...
, in the clade eudicots
Eudicots
Eudicots and Eudicotyledons are botanical terms introduced by Doyle & Hotton to refer to a monophyletic group of flowering plants that had been called tricolpates or non-Magnoliid dicots by previous authors...
.
The family consist of 8-9 genera with 30-50 species of woody plant
Woody plant
A woody plant is a plant that uses wood as its structural tissue. These are typically perennial plants whose stems and larger roots are reinforced with wood produced adjacent to the vascular tissues. The main stem, larger branches, and roots of these plants are usually covered by a layer of...
s. All are liana
Liana
A liana is any of various long-stemmed, woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use trees, as well as other means of vertical support, to climb up to the canopy to get access to well-lit areas of the forest. Lianas are especially characteristic of tropical moist deciduous...
s, save Decaisnea
Decaisnea
Decaisnea is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lardizabalaceae, native to eastern Asia, from China west to Nepal and south to Myanmar.The genus comprises one or two species, depending on taxonomic opinion. Decaisnea insignis Hook.f...
, which are pachycaul shrub
Shrub
A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s. The leaves
Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....
are alternate, and compound (usually palmate), with pulvinate leaflets. The flower
Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs...
s are often in drooping racemes.
They are found in eastern Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, from the Himalayas to Japan, with the exception of the genera Lardizabala
Lardizabala
Lardizabala is a monotypic genus of flowering plants. These plants are evergreen lianas, native to temperate forests of central and southern Chile....
and Boquila
Boquila
Boquila is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Lardizabalaceae family, native to temperate forests of central and southern Chile and Argentina. The sole species is Boquila trifoliata, known as Pilpil, Voqui, Voquicillo, VOoquillo, Voqui blanco in Chile. It bears an edible fruit ....
, both native to southern South America
South America
South America is a continent situated in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere. The continent is also considered a subcontinent of the Americas. It is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and on the north and east...
(Chile
Chile
Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
, and Boquila also in adjacent western Argentina
Argentina
Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
).
Selected genera
- AkebiaAkebiaAkebia is a genus of five species of flowering plant, within the family Lardizabalaceae. The scientific name, akebia, is a Latinization of the Japanese name for species Akebia quinata: .There are five species including:*Akebia chingshuiensis T...
Decne. - Archakebia C.Y.Wu , T.C.Chen & H.N.Qin (included in Holboellia by some authors)
- BoquilaBoquilaBoquila is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the Lardizabalaceae family, native to temperate forests of central and southern Chile and Argentina. The sole species is Boquila trifoliata, known as Pilpil, Voqui, Voquicillo, VOoquillo, Voqui blanco in Chile. It bears an edible fruit ....
Decne. - DecaisneaDecaisneaDecaisnea is a genus of flowering plant in the family Lardizabalaceae, native to eastern Asia, from China west to Nepal and south to Myanmar.The genus comprises one or two species, depending on taxonomic opinion. Decaisnea insignis Hook.f...
Hook.f. & Thomson - HolboelliaHolboelliaHolboellia is a genus of flowering plant in the Lardizabalaceae family. There are twenty species in the genus, all restricted to Southeast Asia, the Himalayas and China. Holboellia is s genus of mostly perennial, evergreen vines, although some are deciduous...
Wall. - LardizabalaLardizabalaLardizabala is a monotypic genus of flowering plants. These plants are evergreen lianas, native to temperate forests of central and southern Chile....
Ruiz & Pav. - Sargentodoxa Rehder & E.H.Wilson (sometimes placed in its own family Sargentodoxaceae)
- SinofranchetiaSinofranchetiaSinofranchetia is a genus of flowering plant in the Lardizabalaceae family....
(Diels) Hemsl. - StauntoniaStauntoniaStauntonia is a genus of flowering plant in the Lardizabalaceae family.-Selected species:*Stauntonia alata*Stauntonia angustifolia*Stauntonia brachyanthera*Stauntonia brachybotrya*Stauntonia brevipes*Stauntonia brunoniana...
DC.
External links
- Lardizabalaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants.
- Lardizabalaceae in the Flora of North America
- Lardizabalaceae in the Flora of China
- NCBI Taxonomy Browser
- links at CSDL
- Chilean Lardizabalaceae at Chileflora