Layla bint al-Minhal
Encyclopedia
Layla bint al-Minhal was a sahaba
of Muhammad
and the wife of Malik ibn Nuwayra.
Layla was the daughter of Al Minhal and was later also known as Umm Tamim. She was acclaimed as one of the most beautiful girls in Arabia, for her gorgeous eyes. When she came of age, she was pursued by many men, but rejected their advances. Finally, she met and married Malik ibn Nuwayra.
, which broke out in Arabia after the death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr sent his most talented general Khalid ibn Walid into Najd
with 4000 men, to submit the tribes of the surrounding areas. Malik was guilty for his acts against the state of Madinah. After the death of Muhammad, he broke in open revolt against Madinah. At the time of Muhammad
, he had been appointed as a Tax
collector for the Tribe of Banu Tamim
. As soon as Malik heard of the death of Muhammad, he gave back all the tax to his tribespeople, saying that
"Now you are the owner of your wealth".
Moreover he was to be charged because he signed a pact with the self-proclaimed prophet Sajjah. This agreement stated that first they would deal with local enemy tribes together, and then they would confront the state of Madinah.
When Malik heard about Khalid ibn Walid's victories against powerful Arab
tribes, he ordered his tribesmen not to engage the approaching Khalid ibn Walid in battle, to stay at home, and hope for peace. He himself apparently moved away across the desert with his family. Also, so as to prove himself loyal to state of Madinah (the future Islamic empire
), he collected the Tax
and sent it to Madinah.
His riders were stopped by Khalid ibn Walid's army at the town of Battah. Khalid asked them about the signing of pact with Sajjah they said it was just because they wanted revenge against their terrible enemies.
When Khalid reached Najd
he found no opposing army, so he sent his cavalry to nearby villages and ordered them to call the Azaan (call for prayers) to each party they meet. Zirrar bin Azwar, a group leader, arrested the family of Malik claiming they did not answer the call to prayer.
. Khalid declared Malik a rebel apostate and ordered his execution. Khalid bin Walid killed Malik ibn Nuwayra and raped his wife, Layla bint al-Minhal. Although Sunnis claim that Khalid married his wife on the same night, the Shias argue that Islamically, Khalid would have had to wait for her to complete the waiting period iddah (which can last from 4 months to 1 year) before Khalid would have been able to marry her.
Abu Qatada Ansari was a companion of Muhammad. He came with Khalid from Medina. He was so shocked at Malik's murder by Khalid that he immediately returned to Medina, and told Abu Bakr that he would not serve under a commander who had killed a Muslim.
The death of Malik and Khalid's taking of his wife Layla created a controversy. Some officers of his army—including a prominent companion of Muhammad, Abu Qatadah—believed that Khalid killed Malik to take his wife. After the pressure exerted by Umar—Khalid's cousin and one of Caliph Abu Bakr's main advisors—Abu Bakr called Khalid back to Madina to explain himself.
In Medina, ‘Umar told Khâlid: “You enemy of Allâh! You killed a Muslim man and thereafter took his wife. By Allâh, I will stone you.
'Umar demanded, from Abu Bakr, the immediate dismissal of Khalid. He said that Khalid had to be put on trial for the twin crimes of murder and adultery. According to Islamic law, Khalid had to be stoned to death. But Abu Bakr defended Khalid, and said that he had simply made "an error of judgment."
). Khalid understood this to be a transparent attempt by Malik to save his own life by any means at his disposal. Khalid having clear evidence of Malik's distributing the tax money on getting news of Muhammad's death and of his pact with Sajjah, declared Malik an apostate and ordered his execution.Khalid ibn Walid ordered Malik's killing because he knew that Malik had betrayed the Islam
ic state of Madinah, and was a traitor.
See also Sunni’s Explanation Talk:Khalid ibn al-Walid#khalid's act against malik bin nawera and laila
Abu Qatada Ansari was a companion of Muhammad. He came with Khalid from Medina. .
The death of Malik created a controversy. Some officers of his army—including a prominent companion of Muhammad, Abu Qatadah—believed that Malik to take his wife. After the pressure exerted by back to Madina to explain himself.
In Medina, : “You slave of Allâh!and the sword of god You are granted jannah.
'Umar said that Khalid should be placed as a prominent captian for the muslims in the next wars that occurred in sham and iraq...may allah bless his soul with all his mercy
. Khalid was called by Caliph
Abu Bakr
to explain the matter. After due consideration, the Caliph decided that Khalid was not guilty. He did, however, upbraid his general for marrying Layla and thus leaving himself open to criticism, and since there was some possibility of a mistake, as certain people believed that Malik was a Muslim
, Abu Bakr
ordered the payment of blood-money to the heirs of Malik.
Sahaba
In Islam, the ' were the companions, disciples, scribes and family of the Islamic prophet...
of Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
and the wife of Malik ibn Nuwayra.
Layla was the daughter of Al Minhal and was later also known as Umm Tamim. She was acclaimed as one of the most beautiful girls in Arabia, for her gorgeous eyes. When she came of age, she was pursued by many men, but rejected their advances. Finally, she met and married Malik ibn Nuwayra.
Malik bin Nuwayra
Malik was a chief of some distinction; a warrior, noted for his generosity; and a famous poet. Bravery, generosity and poetry were the three qualities most admired among the Arabs. During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad, he had been appointed tax-collector.Attack on Malik ibn Nuwayra's tribe
During the Ridda warsRidda wars
The Ridda wars , also known as the Wars of Apostasy, were a series of military campaigns against the rebellion of several Arabian tribes launched by the Caliph Abu Bakr during 632 and 633 AD, after prophet Muhammad died....
, which broke out in Arabia after the death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr sent his most talented general Khalid ibn Walid into Najd
Najd
Najd or Nejd , literally Highland, is the central region of the Arabian Peninsula.-Boundaries :The Arabic word nejd literally means "upland" and was once applied to a variety of regions within the Arabian Peninsula...
with 4000 men, to submit the tribes of the surrounding areas. Malik was guilty for his acts against the state of Madinah. After the death of Muhammad, he broke in open revolt against Madinah. At the time of Muhammad
Muhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
, he had been appointed as a Tax
Tax
To tax is to impose a financial charge or other levy upon a taxpayer by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. Taxes are also imposed by many subnational entities...
collector for the Tribe of Banu Tamim
Banu Tamim
Banī Tamīm Tamim is one of the largest of all Arab tribes. Their history goes back to pre-Islamic times....
. As soon as Malik heard of the death of Muhammad, he gave back all the tax to his tribespeople, saying that
"Now you are the owner of your wealth".
Moreover he was to be charged because he signed a pact with the self-proclaimed prophet Sajjah. This agreement stated that first they would deal with local enemy tribes together, and then they would confront the state of Madinah.
When Malik heard about Khalid ibn Walid's victories against powerful Arab
Arab
Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
tribes, he ordered his tribesmen not to engage the approaching Khalid ibn Walid in battle, to stay at home, and hope for peace. He himself apparently moved away across the desert with his family. Also, so as to prove himself loyal to state of Madinah (the future Islamic empire
Empire
The term empire derives from the Latin imperium . Politically, an empire is a geographically extensive group of states and peoples united and ruled either by a monarch or an oligarchy....
), he collected the Tax
Tax
To tax is to impose a financial charge or other levy upon a taxpayer by a state or the functional equivalent of a state such that failure to pay is punishable by law. Taxes are also imposed by many subnational entities...
and sent it to Madinah.
His riders were stopped by Khalid ibn Walid's army at the town of Battah. Khalid asked them about the signing of pact with Sajjah they said it was just because they wanted revenge against their terrible enemies.
When Khalid reached Najd
Najd
Najd or Nejd , literally Highland, is the central region of the Arabian Peninsula.-Boundaries :The Arabic word nejd literally means "upland" and was once applied to a variety of regions within the Arabian Peninsula...
he found no opposing army, so he sent his cavalry to nearby villages and ordered them to call the Azaan (call for prayers) to each party they meet. Zirrar bin Azwar, a group leader, arrested the family of Malik claiming they did not answer the call to prayer.
Shia view
When arrested, Malik was asked by Khalid about his crimes. Malik's response was "your master said this your master said that" referring to Abu BakrAbu Bakr
Abu Bakr was a senior companion and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632-634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death...
. Khalid declared Malik a rebel apostate and ordered his execution. Khalid bin Walid killed Malik ibn Nuwayra and raped his wife, Layla bint al-Minhal. Although Sunnis claim that Khalid married his wife on the same night, the Shias argue that Islamically, Khalid would have had to wait for her to complete the waiting period iddah (which can last from 4 months to 1 year) before Khalid would have been able to marry her.
Abu Qatada Ansari was a companion of Muhammad. He came with Khalid from Medina. He was so shocked at Malik's murder by Khalid that he immediately returned to Medina, and told Abu Bakr that he would not serve under a commander who had killed a Muslim.
The death of Malik and Khalid's taking of his wife Layla created a controversy. Some officers of his army—including a prominent companion of Muhammad, Abu Qatadah—believed that Khalid killed Malik to take his wife. After the pressure exerted by Umar—Khalid's cousin and one of Caliph Abu Bakr's main advisors—Abu Bakr called Khalid back to Madina to explain himself.
In Medina, ‘Umar told Khâlid: “You enemy of Allâh! You killed a Muslim man and thereafter took his wife. By Allâh, I will stone you.
'Umar demanded, from Abu Bakr, the immediate dismissal of Khalid. He said that Khalid had to be put on trial for the twin crimes of murder and adultery. According to Islamic law, Khalid had to be stoned to death. But Abu Bakr defended Khalid, and said that he had simply made "an error of judgment."
Sunni view
In November 632 A.D When arrested, Malik was asked by Khalid ibn Walid about his crimes. Khalid's interpretation of Malik's response was "your master said this your master said that" (referring to MuhammadMuhammad
Muhammad |ligature]] at U+FDF4 ;Arabic pronunciation varies regionally; the first vowel ranges from ~~; the second and the last vowel: ~~~. There are dialects which have no stress. In Egypt, it is pronounced not in religious contexts...
). Khalid understood this to be a transparent attempt by Malik to save his own life by any means at his disposal. Khalid having clear evidence of Malik's distributing the tax money on getting news of Muhammad's death and of his pact with Sajjah, declared Malik an apostate and ordered his execution.Khalid ibn Walid ordered Malik's killing because he knew that Malik had betrayed the Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
ic state of Madinah, and was a traitor.
See also Sunni’s Explanation Talk:Khalid ibn al-Walid#khalid's act against malik bin nawera and laila
Layla and Khalid After Malik's Death
After Khalid ordered his Malik's execution. raped his wife, Layla bint al-Minhal. it is stated that Khalid married his wife on the same nightAbu Qatada Ansari was a companion of Muhammad. He came with Khalid from Medina. .
The death of Malik created a controversy. Some officers of his army—including a prominent companion of Muhammad, Abu Qatadah—believed that Malik to take his wife. After the pressure exerted by back to Madina to explain himself.
In Medina, : “You slave of Allâh!and the sword of god You are granted jannah.
'Umar said that Khalid should be placed as a prominent captian for the muslims in the next wars that occurred in sham and iraq...may allah bless his soul with all his mercy
Sunni views
The same night, Khalid married Malik's widow Layla bint al-Minhal, said to be one of the most beautiful women in Arabia at the time. The marriage of Khalid with Layla later became a controversial issue because there was a group of people who thought that Khalid had killed Malik to get Layla. This group also includes Khalid's cousin, UmarUmar
`Umar ibn al-Khattāb c. 2 November , was a leading companion and adviser to the Islamic prophet Muhammad who later became the second Muslim Caliph after Muhammad's death....
. Khalid was called by Caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr was a senior companion and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632-634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death...
to explain the matter. After due consideration, the Caliph decided that Khalid was not guilty. He did, however, upbraid his general for marrying Layla and thus leaving himself open to criticism, and since there was some possibility of a mistake, as certain people believed that Malik was a Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
, Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr
Abu Bakr was a senior companion and the father-in-law of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. He ruled over the Rashidun Caliphate from 632-634 CE when he became the first Muslim Caliph following Muhammad's death...
ordered the payment of blood-money to the heirs of Malik.
External links
- http://www.swordofallah.com/html/bookchapter14page1.htm
- http://www.al-islam1.org/quran/process.asp?tAliCommentary=on&Sura=5&SavedSura=1&fAya=25&tAya=33&searchText=&arabicdisplay=Commentary