League of Dutch Marxist-Leninists
Encyclopedia
League of Dutch Marxist-Leninists (in Dutch
: Bond van Nederlandse Marxisten-Leninisten) was a communist organisation in the Netherlands
.
By the time of the 21st party congress of the Communist Party of the Netherlands
in 1964 two pro-China
fractions existed inside the party. One was the Marxist-Leninist Centre
in Rotterdam
. The other was a group based in Amsterdam
which published the periodical Rode Vlag (Red Flag). The Rode Vlag-group was led by Chris Bischot, a district level leader of CPN. In December 1964 Bischot was expelled from CPN, along with the leaders of MLC.
Initially there were talks on a merger between the two dissident communist factions, but such plans could not develop further mainly because of the perception held by the Rode Vlag-group that the CPN could still be converted into a revolutionary party.
In 1966 the Rode Vlag-group started another periodical, Rode Jeugd (Red Youth). Through Rode Jeugd. Through the militant messages given in Rode Jeugd, the group expanded. It gained supporters in IJmuiden, Kampen, Eindhoven, Hague and Rotterdam
.
But Rode Jeugd would also give problems to the Rode Vlag-group. A clash of generations erupted, and in October 1967 the Rode Jeugd-group broke away and formed a separate organization called Rode Jeugd
.
In 1969 the group around Rode Vlag constituted BNML. By this time they had completely left the ambition to reform the CPN. Rode Vlag became the central organ of BNML. BNML also started Rood Metal (Red Metal) as a periodical of workers.
By 1970 BVD
estimated the BNML membership to around 40. The real figure was probably significantly higher.
In 1972 BNML was joined by the Red Youth (marxist-leninist)
, which had broken away from Rode Jeugd.
Bischot died in 1973.
In the mid-1970s BNML played an important role in conducting debates on a possible merger of the various marxist-leninist factions. Excluded from the talks were the Socialist Party
(who had moved away from the Maoist orthodoxy), Red Youth
(which had developed into a terroristic orientation) and the Marxist-Leninist Party of the Netherlands
(which was in reality, a BVD
proxy). Thus the remaining organizations were the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (marxist-leninist)
(KEN(ml)), the Group of Marxist-Leninists/Red Dawn
(GML), the Communist Circle of Breda (marxist-leninist)
(KKB(ml)) and the Communist Workers Organisation
(KAO). GML excluded itself from the process due to their rejection of unity with KEN(ml), and KEN(ml) could not arrive at a comprise with the other groups due to their persistence on claiming hegemony over the other factions. In 1978 BNML merged together with KAO and KKB(ml) to form the Communist Workers Organisation (marxist-leninist)
(KAO(ml)).
Dutch language
Dutch is a West Germanic language and the native language of the majority of the population of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, the three member states of the Dutch Language Union. Most speakers live in the European Union, where it is a first language for about 23 million and a second...
: Bond van Nederlandse Marxisten-Leninisten) was a communist organisation in the Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
.
By the time of the 21st party congress of the Communist Party of the Netherlands
Communist Party of the Netherlands
The Communist Party of the Netherlands was a Dutch communist political party. The CPN is one of the predecessors of the GreenLeft.- Foundation :...
in 1964 two pro-China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
fractions existed inside the party. One was the Marxist-Leninist Centre
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (marxist-leninist)
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands was a communist organization in the Netherlands....
in Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam on the Rotte river, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre...
. The other was a group based in Amsterdam
Amsterdam
Amsterdam is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The current position of Amsterdam as capital city of the Kingdom of the Netherlands is governed by the constitution of August 24, 1815 and its successors. Amsterdam has a population of 783,364 within city limits, an urban population...
which published the periodical Rode Vlag (Red Flag). The Rode Vlag-group was led by Chris Bischot, a district level leader of CPN. In December 1964 Bischot was expelled from CPN, along with the leaders of MLC.
Initially there were talks on a merger between the two dissident communist factions, but such plans could not develop further mainly because of the perception held by the Rode Vlag-group that the CPN could still be converted into a revolutionary party.
In 1966 the Rode Vlag-group started another periodical, Rode Jeugd (Red Youth). Through Rode Jeugd. Through the militant messages given in Rode Jeugd, the group expanded. It gained supporters in IJmuiden, Kampen, Eindhoven, Hague and Rotterdam
Rotterdam
Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam on the Rotte river, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre...
.
But Rode Jeugd would also give problems to the Rode Vlag-group. A clash of generations erupted, and in October 1967 the Rode Jeugd-group broke away and formed a separate organization called Rode Jeugd
Red Youth (Netherlands)
Red Youth was a revolutionary organization in the Netherlands. It originated in the group around the periodical Rode Jeugd, which had been started by the pro-China Rode Vlag-grouping in 1966...
.
In 1969 the group around Rode Vlag constituted BNML. By this time they had completely left the ambition to reform the CPN. Rode Vlag became the central organ of BNML. BNML also started Rood Metal (Red Metal) as a periodical of workers.
By 1970 BVD
BVD
BVD is a brand of men's underwear, which are commonly referred to as "BVDs." BVD stands for Bradley, Voorhees & Day, the New York City firm that initially manufactured underwear of this name for both men and women. BVD is now only for men. It was founded in 1876 and named for its three founders.-...
estimated the BNML membership to around 40. The real figure was probably significantly higher.
In 1972 BNML was joined by the Red Youth (marxist-leninist)
Red Youth (marxist-leninist)
Red Youth was a revolutionary organization in the Netherlands.Red Youth originated from the Red Youth organization...
, which had broken away from Rode Jeugd.
Bischot died in 1973.
In the mid-1970s BNML played an important role in conducting debates on a possible merger of the various marxist-leninist factions. Excluded from the talks were the Socialist Party
Socialist Party (Netherlands)
The Socialist Party is a democratic socialist political party in the Netherlands. After the 2006 general election, the Socialist Party became one of the major parties of the Netherlands with 25 seats of 150, an increase of 16 seats. The party was in opposition against the fourth Balkenende cabinet...
(who had moved away from the Maoist orthodoxy), Red Youth
Red Youth (Netherlands)
Red Youth was a revolutionary organization in the Netherlands. It originated in the group around the periodical Rode Jeugd, which had been started by the pro-China Rode Vlag-grouping in 1966...
(which had developed into a terroristic orientation) and the Marxist-Leninist Party of the Netherlands
Marxist-Leninist Party of the Netherlands
The Marxist-Leninist Party of the Netherlands was a fake pro-China communist party in the Netherlands set up by the Dutch secret service BVD to develop contacts with the Chinese government for espionage purposes. It existed from 1968 to the early 1990s...
(which was in reality, a BVD
BVD
BVD is a brand of men's underwear, which are commonly referred to as "BVDs." BVD stands for Bradley, Voorhees & Day, the New York City firm that initially manufactured underwear of this name for both men and women. BVD is now only for men. It was founded in 1876 and named for its three founders.-...
proxy). Thus the remaining organizations were the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (marxist-leninist)
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands (marxist-leninist)
Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands was a communist organization in the Netherlands....
(KEN(ml)), the Group of Marxist-Leninists/Red Dawn
Group of Marxist-Leninists/Red Dawn
Group of Marxist–Leninists/Red Dawn is a maoist group in the Netherlands. GML/Rode Morgen was founded in 1977, as a merger of different groups of individuals expelled from the Communist Unity Movement of the Netherlands , namely the so-called 'Group of Three', 'Group of Five' and 'Group of Six'...
(GML), the Communist Circle of Breda (marxist-leninist)
Communist Circle of Breda (marxist-leninist)
Communist Circle of Breda was a communist group in Breda, the Netherlands...
(KKB(ml)) and the Communist Workers Organisation
Communist Workers Organisation (Netherlands)
The Communist Workers Organisation was a communist group in the Netherlands...
(KAO). GML excluded itself from the process due to their rejection of unity with KEN(ml), and KEN(ml) could not arrive at a comprise with the other groups due to their persistence on claiming hegemony over the other factions. In 1978 BNML merged together with KAO and KKB(ml) to form the Communist Workers Organisation (marxist-leninist)
Communist Workers Organisation (marxist-leninist)
Communist Workers Organisation was a communist group in the Netherlands. It was founded in March 1978, through the merger of the League of Dutch Marxist-Leninists , the Communist Workers Organisation and the Communist Circle of Breda...
(KAO(ml)).