Leslie Fry
Encyclopedia
L. Fry (February 16, 1882 - July 15, 1970) was the pen name of Paquita Louise de Shishmareff, an antisemitic activist who is primarily known for her authorship of Waters Flowing Eastward, which asserts that Jews
were to blame for both Capitalism
and Bolshevism and had started World War I
. She alleged that Freemasons were involved as well. The aim was "World Domination". All this was deduced from the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.
in or around 1920, and presented him with a copy of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. She conceived the Protocols as part of a conspiracy theory
according to which a group led by the "cultural Zionist" Asher Ginzberg plotted world domination. At the time Ginzberg supported an international Jewish cultural and political revival rather than a single Jewish state.
Antisemitic writer and Nazi ideologist Ernst Graf zu Reventlow
named Fry as his source for his own view that Ginzberg was the author the Protocols. After Philip Graves
provided evidence in The Times
of London that the Protocols were plagiarised forgery, Reventlow published his support for Fry's theory in the periodical La Vieille France. Ginzberg's supporters sued Reventlow, who was forced to retract and pay damages.
Strongly opposed to Roosevelt's New Deal
, Fry argued that it represented "the transformation of the Constitutional form of American government into that of the Kahal, or Jewish form of government. It has been called the New Deal and the Jew Deal. Both are correct and synonymous."
She was involved in various fascist organisations of the 1930s and founded the nationalist and isolationist Christian Free Press. She joined forces with Henry D. Allen in a failed attempt to revitalize the Ku Klux Klan
. However she later accused him of misappropriating money from her.
In 1940 she fled to fascist Italy, but returned the US after the attack on Pearl Harbor
. She was interned in Ellis Island
and indicted for sedition, but charges were dropped and she was released after the end of the war.
and leading to the League of Nations
. Fry claimed that the Protocols of Zion were identified when "In 1884 the daughter of a Russian general, Mile. Justine Glinka, was endeavouring to serve her country in Paris by obtaining political information, which she communicated to General Orgevskii". A Jew called Joseph Schorst sold her a copy of the Protocols which eventually found its way into the hands of Sergei Nilus
who published it.
Jews
The Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
were to blame for both Capitalism
Capitalism
Capitalism is an economic system that became dominant in the Western world following the demise of feudalism. There is no consensus on the precise definition nor on how the term should be used as a historical category...
and Bolshevism and had started World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
. She alleged that Freemasons were involved as well. The aim was "World Domination". All this was deduced from the Protocols of the Elders of Zion.
Family Background
Leslie Fry's maiden name was Louise A. Chandor. She was born in Paris, the daughter of John Arthur Chandor ( 1850-1909 ) and Elizabeth ( Red ) Fry Ralston ( 1837-1929 ). Elizabeth married William Chapman Ralston ( 1826-1875 ) on May 20, 1858 in San Francisco. Soon after their marriage, W. C. Ralston rose to become a San Francisco banking and real estate magnate. In fact, W. C. Ralston became a living legend, who after his death ( and even during his lifetime ) was widely acclaimed as "the man who built San Francisco." However, their marriage was not a happy one, and it finally ended in disaster on August 27, 1875, when William drowned while swimming. After the settlement of her husband's estate, in December 1875 Elizabeth embarked on a steamer to Europe, intending to settle in Paris with her children. It is reported that she first met John Arthur Chandor on this steamer, and that he soon joined her in Paris, even though he had been recently married in New York City. It is not known at this time if J. A. Chandor and Elizabeth ever married, but nevertheless their friendship resulted in the birth of Louise A. Chandor ( pen-name: Leslie Fry ) in Paris on Feb. 16, 1882.Early Life in Europe and Russia
Louise married an officer in the Russian Imperial Army named Feodor Ivanovich Shishmarev in 1906 in St. Petersburg. The Shishmarev family was part of the Russian aristocracy. Feodor was murdered by Bolsheviks during the Russian Revolution, but before his murder he had the foresight to send his wife (who was now using her married name 'Paquita Louise de Shishmareff') with their two sons, and the family fortune, out of the country to safety. After leaving Russia, Paquita ( Louise ) resided shortly in Britain and Canada before moving to New York and finally to California. She was associated with fascist political circles during this period. Her wealth allowed her to financially support right-wing nationalists.Activities in the United States and Europe, 1920-1970
Paquita met Henry FordHenry Ford
Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. His introduction of the Model T automobile revolutionized transportation and American industry...
in or around 1920, and presented him with a copy of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion. She conceived the Protocols as part of a conspiracy theory
Conspiracy theory
A conspiracy theory explains an event as being the result of an alleged plot by a covert group or organization or, more broadly, the idea that important political, social or economic events are the products of secret plots that are largely unknown to the general public.-Usage:The term "conspiracy...
according to which a group led by the "cultural Zionist" Asher Ginzberg plotted world domination. At the time Ginzberg supported an international Jewish cultural and political revival rather than a single Jewish state.
Antisemitic writer and Nazi ideologist Ernst Graf zu Reventlow
Ernst Graf zu Reventlow
Ernst, Count Reventlow was a German naval officer, journalist and Nazi politician.-Early life:Ernst Christian Einar Ludwig Detlev Graf zu Reventlow was born at Husum, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany, the son of Ludwig Reventlow, a Danish nobleman, and Emilie Julie Anna Louise Rantzau...
named Fry as his source for his own view that Ginzberg was the author the Protocols. After Philip Graves
Philip Graves
Philip Perceval Graves was an Irish journalist and writer. While working as a foreign correspondent of The Times in Constantinople, he exposed The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as an antisemitic plagiarism, fraud, and hoax.-Life:Graves, eldest son of the writer Alfred Perceval Graves , was born...
provided evidence in The Times
The Times
The Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register . The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary since 1981 of News International...
of London that the Protocols were plagiarised forgery, Reventlow published his support for Fry's theory in the periodical La Vieille France. Ginzberg's supporters sued Reventlow, who was forced to retract and pay damages.
Strongly opposed to Roosevelt's New Deal
New Deal
The New Deal was a series of economic programs implemented in the United States between 1933 and 1936. They were passed by the U.S. Congress during the first term of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The programs were Roosevelt's responses to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call...
, Fry argued that it represented "the transformation of the Constitutional form of American government into that of the Kahal, or Jewish form of government. It has been called the New Deal and the Jew Deal. Both are correct and synonymous."
She was involved in various fascist organisations of the 1930s and founded the nationalist and isolationist Christian Free Press. She joined forces with Henry D. Allen in a failed attempt to revitalize the Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan
Ku Klux Klan, often abbreviated KKK and informally known as the Klan, is the name of three distinct past and present far-right organizations in the United States, which have advocated extremist reactionary currents such as white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration, historically...
. However she later accused him of misappropriating money from her.
In 1940 she fled to fascist Italy, but returned the US after the attack on Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor, known to Hawaiians as Puuloa, is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet...
. She was interned in Ellis Island
Ellis Island
Ellis Island in New York Harbor was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States. It was the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1954. The island was greatly expanded with landfill between 1892 and 1934. Before that, the much smaller original island was the...
and indicted for sedition, but charges were dropped and she was released after the end of the war.
Waters Flowing Eastward ( 1931 )
Fry's major work, Waters Flowing Eastward attempted to prove that the Protocols were part of a plot to destroy Christian civilization. The apparent conflict between Communism and Capitalism was a smoke-screen for Jewish domination, as outlined in the Protocols. She compiled an elaborate chart detailing the claimed Jewish masterplan and linked it to earlier organisations including the IlluminatiIlluminati
The Illuminati is a name given to several groups, both real and fictitious. Historically the name refers to the Bavarian Illuminati, an Enlightenment-era secret society founded on May 1, 1776...
and leading to the League of Nations
League of Nations
The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. It was the first permanent international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace...
. Fry claimed that the Protocols of Zion were identified when "In 1884 the daughter of a Russian general, Mile. Justine Glinka, was endeavouring to serve her country in Paris by obtaining political information, which she communicated to General Orgevskii". A Jew called Joseph Schorst sold her a copy of the Protocols which eventually found its way into the hands of Sergei Nilus
Sergei Nilus
Sergei Aleksandrovich Nilus was a Russian religious writer and self-described mystic....
who published it.
Works
- Library of CongressLibrary of CongressThe Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and...
:
- Akhad-Kham, Asher Gint︠s︡berg.
- Taĭnyĭ vozhdʹ īudeĭskīĭ.: Perevod s frantsuzskago
- [of Miss L. Fry by Th. VinbergFyodor Viktorovich VinbergFyodor Viktorovich Vinberg — Russian military officer, publisher and journalist.- Biography :Born in Kiev in the family of a general, Vinberg studied in high school in Kiev and in the Alexander Lyceum. From 1891-1892 he worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1893 he entered military service...
, being an attempt to prove - the "Protokoly Sīonskikh Mudret︠s︡ov"
- published in a work by S. A. Nilus
- to be a work by U. Ginzberg].
- by Leslie Fry; Thedor Viktorovich VinbergFyodor Viktorovich VinbergFyodor Viktorovich Vinberg — Russian military officer, publisher and journalist.- Biography :Born in Kiev in the family of a general, Vinberg studied in high school in Kiev and in the Alexander Lyceum. From 1891-1892 he worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1893 he entered military service...
- Type: Microform
- Language: Russian
- Publisher: Berlin, 1922.
- OCLC: 84780936
- British LibraryBritish LibraryThe British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom, and is the world's largest library in terms of total number of items. The library is a major research library, holding over 150 million items from every country in the world, in virtually all known languages and in many formats,...
:
- System number 002659956
- Author - personal NILUS, Sergei Aleksandrovich.
- Title Протоколы Сіонскихъ Мудрецовъ, по тексту С. А. Нилуса. Всемирный тайный заговоръ.
- [The text of the “Protocols” adapted from M. Joly’s
- “Dialogue aux Enfers entre Machiavel et Montesquieu ... par un Contemporain”
- taken from S. A. Nilus’s Великое въ Маломъ,
- preceded by Miss L. Fry’s Ахадъ-Хамъ.
- Тайный вождь іудейскій in Th. Vinberg’s translation,
- being an attempt to prove the “Protocols” to be a work by U. Ginzberg,
- with a preface to the whole by A. Rogovich.
- With this there are two cuttings from “The Times” and one from “Послѣднія Извѣстія” on the subject.
- With an illustration.]
- Publisher/year Linkpp. 124. Берлинъ, 1922.
- Physical descr. 8º.
- Added name FRY, Leslie.
- GINZBERG, Asher Zvi.
- JOLY, Maurice.
- ROGOVICH, A.
- VINBERG, Thedor Viktorovich.
- Holdings (All) Details
- Shelfmark C.37.ee.2. Request
- Waters Flowing Eastward
- 1st Edition (Paris: Editions R.I.S.S., 1931)
- 2nd Edition Revised 1933
- 3rd Edition Revised 1934
- 4th Edition Revised 1953
- 5th Edition Enlarged 1965 Subtitle: The War Against the Kingship of Christ, (Denis FaheyDenis FaheyFather Denis Fahey, C.S.Sp. was an Irish Catholic priest. Fahey promoted the Catholic social doctrine of Christ the King, and was involved in Irish politics through his organisation Maria Duce. Fahey firmly believed that "the world must conform to Our Divine Lord, not He to it", defending the...
's imprintImprintIn the publishing industry, an imprint can mean several different things:* As a piece of bibliographic information about a book, it refers to the name and address of the book's publisher and its date of publication as given at the foot or on the verso of its title page.* It can mean a trade name...
) - 6th Edition 1988 (Copyright 1988 Flanders Hall Publishers)
- 7th Edition 1998
- Current [2007] Web edition http://book-case.kroupnov.ru/pages/library/Waters/.
- In Defense of Youth
- Will the University of California be Seized by Communists?
- Planned Economy
- The New Order
- California Betrayed
- "various pamphlets on Fionism"
- Who Put Hitler in Power
- article(s)
- in Women's Voice
- ed. by Mrs. Van Hyning
See also
- Asher Hirsch Ginsberg
- Denis FaheyDenis FaheyFather Denis Fahey, C.S.Sp. was an Irish Catholic priest. Fahey promoted the Catholic social doctrine of Christ the King, and was involved in Irish politics through his organisation Maria Duce. Fahey firmly believed that "the world must conform to Our Divine Lord, not He to it", defending the...
- Fyodor Viktorovich VinbergFyodor Viktorovich VinbergFyodor Viktorovich Vinberg — Russian military officer, publisher and journalist.- Biography :Born in Kiev in the family of a general, Vinberg studied in high school in Kiev and in the Alexander Lyceum. From 1891-1892 he worked in the Ministry of Internal Affairs. In 1893 he entered military service...
- Serge Nilus
External links
- Waters Flowing Eastward, by L. Fry http://crashrecovery.org/Waters/index.htm.
- Photograph of Mrs. Leslie Fry with Henry AllenHenry AllenHenry Allen or Henry Allan may refer to:* Henry Allen , Pulitzer Prize for Criticism winner* Henry Allen , Christian hymnwriter* Henry Allen , Mayor of Gloucester, England in 1873...
, Conrad Chapman, and Mr. Gurin in 1937 http://digital-library.csun.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/InOurOwnBackyard&CISOPTR=137&CISOBOX=1&REC=2 - Photograph Source: California State University, NorthridgeCalifornia State University, NorthridgeCalifornia State University, Northridge is a public university in Northridge, a neighborhood in the San Fernando Valley area of Los Angeles, California, United States....
, Oviatt LibraryOviatt LibraryThe Oviatt Library serves the California State University, Northridge campus, located in Northridge district of the northern San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, California. The library is named for Delmar T...
, Special Collections and Archives http://library.csun.edu/spcoll/