Leslie Turnberg, Baron Turnberg
Encyclopedia
Leslie Arnold Turnberg, Baron Turnberg, Kt, is British
medical professional and an author of many publications and books related to the medical and health services fields. His experience extends to areas of research in these fields, and maintaining a clinical practice. He has published four books and some 150 articles on medical and scientific research.
ships from sixteen different UK
and overseas colleges and has held many different positions within the medical field, including Professor of Medicine at University of Manchester
from 1973 to 1997, Dean of the Medical School from 1983 to 1986 and President of the Royal College of Physicians
from 1992 to 1997. His other appointments included President of the Medical Protection Society
from 1997 to 2007, Chairman of the Board of the Public Health Laboratory Service from 1997 to 2005, President of the Medical Council on Alcoholism from 2000 to 2005, Chair of the UK Forum for Genetics and Insurance from 1998 to 2002. His current appointments include scientific adviser to the Association of Medical Research Charities; trustee
of the Wolfson Foundation
, trustee of the Joseph Interfaith Foundation, Fellow and former Vice President of the Academy of Medical Sciences
, Turnberg also served as a consultant gastroenterologist
at Salford Royal Hospital from 1973 to 1997.
called "The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research". The board of the new centre was chaired by Lord Turnberg from 2004 to 2007. The focus of the centre is on the "three R's": the replacement, refinement, and reduction of animal testing. The "three R's" were first published in the 1959 by WMS Russell and Rex Birch in the book The Principles of Humane Experimentation Technique. The centre will explore alternatives to animal testing
, such as experiments on cultured cells
or using computer simulations
The UK government currently still regards animal testing as necessary, but science minister Lord Sainsbury of Turville
said that a "major opportunity" now existed to make progress in improving the welfare of animals used in testing through the three R's.
The centre will be housed within the Medical Research Council's existing Centre for Best Practice for Animals in Research (CBPAR) and build upon its work.
in the County of Cheshire
, was knighted
in 1994 and was made Baron Turnberg for life by Letters Patent
on May 4, 2000.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
medical professional and an author of many publications and books related to the medical and health services fields. His experience extends to areas of research in these fields, and maintaining a clinical practice. He has published four books and some 150 articles on medical and scientific research.
Medical positions
Turnberg holds honorary fellowFellow
A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a person, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who are awarded...
ships from sixteen different UK
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
and overseas colleges and has held many different positions within the medical field, including Professor of Medicine at University of Manchester
University of Manchester
The University of Manchester is a public research university located in Manchester, United Kingdom. It is a "red brick" university and a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities and the N8 Group...
from 1973 to 1997, Dean of the Medical School from 1983 to 1986 and President of the Royal College of Physicians
Royal College of Physicians
The Royal College of Physicians of London was founded in 1518 as the College of Physicians by royal charter of King Henry VIII in 1518 - the first medical institution in England to receive a royal charter...
from 1992 to 1997. His other appointments included President of the Medical Protection Society
Medical Protection Society
The Medical Protection Society is a not for profit organisation which offers legal and ethical help to medical and dental professionals...
from 1997 to 2007, Chairman of the Board of the Public Health Laboratory Service from 1997 to 2005, President of the Medical Council on Alcoholism from 2000 to 2005, Chair of the UK Forum for Genetics and Insurance from 1998 to 2002. His current appointments include scientific adviser to the Association of Medical Research Charities; trustee
Trustee
Trustee is a legal term which, in its broadest sense, can refer to any person who holds property, authority, or a position of trust or responsibility for the benefit of another...
of the Wolfson Foundation
Wolfson Foundation
The Wolfson Foundation is a charity that awards grants to support excellence in the fields of science and medicine, health, education and the arts & humanities.- Overview :...
, trustee of the Joseph Interfaith Foundation, Fellow and former Vice President of the Academy of Medical Sciences
Academy of Medical Sciences
The Academy of Medical Sciences is the United Kingdom's national academy of medical sciences. It was established in 1998 on the recommendation of a group that was chaired by Michael Atiyah. Its president is John Irving Bell....
, Turnberg also served as a consultant gastroenterologist
Gastroenterology
Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine whereby the digestive system and its disorders are studied. The name is a combination of three Ancient Greek words gaster , enteron , and logos...
at Salford Royal Hospital from 1973 to 1997.
Refinement and reduction of animals in research
In May 2004, the UK Government announced that it was establishing a national centre for "best practice" in animal testingAnimal testing
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments. Worldwide it is estimated that the number of vertebrate animals—from zebrafish to non-human primates—ranges from the tens of millions to more than 100 million...
called "The National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research". The board of the new centre was chaired by Lord Turnberg from 2004 to 2007. The focus of the centre is on the "three R's": the replacement, refinement, and reduction of animal testing. The "three R's" were first published in the 1959 by WMS Russell and Rex Birch in the book The Principles of Humane Experimentation Technique. The centre will explore alternatives to animal testing
Animal testing
Animal testing, also known as animal experimentation, animal research, and in vivo testing, is the use of non-human animals in experiments. Worldwide it is estimated that the number of vertebrate animals—from zebrafish to non-human primates—ranges from the tens of millions to more than 100 million...
, such as experiments on cultured cells
Cell culture
Cell culture is the complex process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions. In practice, the term "cell culture" has come to refer to the culturing of cells derived from singlecellular eukaryotes, especially animal cells. However, there are also cultures of plants, fungi and microbes,...
or using computer simulations
The UK government currently still regards animal testing as necessary, but science minister Lord Sainsbury of Turville
David Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville
David John Sainsbury, Baron Sainsbury of Turville, FRS , is a British businessman and politician. From 1992 to 1997, he served as the Chairman of Sainsbury's . He was made a life peer in 1997, and currently sits in the House of Lords as a member of the Labour Party...
said that a "major opportunity" now existed to make progress in improving the welfare of animals used in testing through the three R's.
The centre will be housed within the Medical Research Council's existing Centre for Best Practice for Animals in Research (CBPAR) and build upon its work.
Knight and Baron Turnberg
Turnberg, of CheadleCheadle, Greater Manchester
Cheadle is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport in Greater Manchester, England. It borders the districts of Cheadle Hulme, Gatley, Heald Green and Cheadle Heath in Stockport, and the East Didsbury area of Manchester. As of 2001 it had a population of 14,261.-Early history:There has...
in the County of Cheshire
Cheshire
Cheshire is a ceremonial county in North West England. Cheshire's county town is the city of Chester, although its largest town is Warrington. Other major towns include Widnes, Congleton, Crewe, Ellesmere Port, Runcorn, Macclesfield, Winsford, Northwich, and Wilmslow...
, was knighted
Knight Bachelor
The rank of Knight Bachelor is a part of the British honours system. It is the most basic rank of a man who has been knighted by the monarch but not as a member of one of the organised Orders of Chivalry...
in 1994 and was made Baron Turnberg for life by Letters Patent
Letters patent
Letters patent are a type of legal instrument in the form of a published written order issued by a monarch or president, generally granting an office, right, monopoly, title, or status to a person or corporation...
on May 4, 2000.