Lev Lyulyev
Encyclopedia
Lev Veniaminovych Lyulyev (March 17 (O.S. 4) 1908, Kiev
, Russian Empire
— November 1, 1985, Moscow
, USSR) was a Soviet
designer of artillery
, anti-aircraft rockets, and SA missile systems. He was the chief designer of the OKB-8 (later NPO Novator
which currently bears his name) between 1946 and 1985 and the Doctor of Technical Sciences (AS USSR, 1966). He was awarded the Hero of Socialist Labour twice in 1966 and in 1985 and was the Laureate of the 1967 Lenin
and 1948 and 1977 State Prizes.
Lyulyev was educated at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute
(KPI) from 1927 to 1933. In 1941, he was evacuated to Sverdlovsk
with the factory and appointed Vice Chief designer of the 8th Factory (known as JSC MZiK
since 1994). In the years of the Second World War the factory produced about 20 thousand artillery guns and their mountings and participated in the modernisation process of the 85 mm KS-1 gun, also
organising the production of 85 mm D-5 guns and 100 mm D-10 guns for the SAUs (self-propelled artillery vehicles) SU-85
and SU-100
.
On June 25, 1945, Lyulyev was promoted to Chief designer of the Factory №8. 1945-1947 he developed the 85 mm zenith gun KS-18 and the experimental 100 mm zenith gun KS-19 in 1947, which became the prototype of the next generation zenith guns before the SA guided missile
s came. He also started the development of 130 mm zenith gun KS-30
.
In 1947, he was also appointed a Chief designer of Sverdlovsk Machine-Building Plant №8, where he formed the Chief designer division (OGK) - later OKB-8 of the Ministry of Aviation Industry for the purpose of development of large caliber anti-aircraft artillery systems. In 1957, Lyulyec developed the most powerful KN-52 zenith gun. In 1958, OKB-8 decided to move to the development of anti-aircraft missile systems. Under his leadership those SA missiles were developed:
Kiev
Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
, Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
— November 1, 1985, Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, USSR) was a Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
designer of artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
, anti-aircraft rockets, and SA missile systems. He was the chief designer of the OKB-8 (later NPO Novator
NPO Novator
NPO Novator is a Russian company that designs long-range anti-aircraft missiles. It was established in 1947 as OKB-8 in Sverdlovsk , became independent in 1991, and then became part of the Almaz-Antey conglomerate...
which currently bears his name) between 1946 and 1985 and the Doctor of Technical Sciences (AS USSR, 1966). He was awarded the Hero of Socialist Labour twice in 1966 and in 1985 and was the Laureate of the 1967 Lenin
Lenin Prize
The Lenin Prize was one of the most prestigious awards of the USSR, presented to individuals for accomplishments relating to science, literature, arts, architecture, and technology. It was created on June 23, 1925 and was awarded until 1934. During the period from 1935 to 1956, the Lenin Prize was...
and 1948 and 1977 State Prizes.
Lyulyev was educated at the Kiev Polytechnic Institute
Kiev Polytechnic Institute
The National Technical University of Ukraine “Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” is a major university in Kiev, Ukraine.-History:The institute was founded in 1898. At that time it had four departments: Mechanical, Chemical, Agricultural, and Civil Engineering. The first enrolment constituted 360 students...
(KPI) from 1927 to 1933. In 1941, he was evacuated to Sverdlovsk
Sverdlovsk Oblast
Sverdlovsk Oblast is a federal subject of Russia located in the Urals Federal District. Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg formerly known as Sverdlovsk. Population: -Geography:...
with the factory and appointed Vice Chief designer of the 8th Factory (known as JSC MZiK
Kalinin Machine-Building Plant
JSC Kalinin Machine-Building Plant, ZiK or MZiK for short is a large Soviet/Russian industrial factory, now part of Almaz-Antey holding.Founded in 1866 in St...
since 1994). In the years of the Second World War the factory produced about 20 thousand artillery guns and their mountings and participated in the modernisation process of the 85 mm KS-1 gun, also
organising the production of 85 mm D-5 guns and 100 mm D-10 guns for the SAUs (self-propelled artillery vehicles) SU-85
SU-85
The SU-85 was a Soviet self-propelled gun used during World War II, based on the chassis of the T-34 medium tank. Earlier Soviet self-propelled guns were meant to serve as either assault guns, such as the SU-122, or as mobile anti-tank weapons; the SU-85 fell into the latter category...
and SU-100
SU-100
The SU-100 was a Soviet tank destroyer. It was used extensively during the last year of World War II and saw service for many years afterwards with the armies of Soviet allies around the world.- Development :...
.
On June 25, 1945, Lyulyev was promoted to Chief designer of the Factory №8. 1945-1947 he developed the 85 mm zenith gun KS-18 and the experimental 100 mm zenith gun KS-19 in 1947, which became the prototype of the next generation zenith guns before the SA guided missile
Guided Missile
Guided Missile is a London based independent record label set up by Paul Kearney in 1994.Guided Missile has always focused on 'the underground', preferring to put out a steady flow of releases and developing the numerous GM events around London and beyond....
s came. He also started the development of 130 mm zenith gun KS-30
KS-30
The Soviet 130mm anti-aircraft gun KS-30 appeared in the early 1950s, closely resembling the German wartime 12.8 cm FlaK 40 antiaircraft gun. The KS-30 was used for the home defense forces of the USSR and some other Warsaw Pact countries...
.
In 1947, he was also appointed a Chief designer of Sverdlovsk Machine-Building Plant №8, where he formed the Chief designer division (OGK) - later OKB-8 of the Ministry of Aviation Industry for the purpose of development of large caliber anti-aircraft artillery systems. In 1957, Lyulyec developed the most powerful KN-52 zenith gun. In 1958, OKB-8 decided to move to the development of anti-aircraft missile systems. Under his leadership those SA missiles were developed:
- 3M8 (developed since 1958, in service since 1965), 3M8M, 3M8M1 (in service since 1967), 3M8M2 (in service since 1971)
- 9M38, 9M38M1, 9M38M2 for the Buk missile system
- 9M82 (in service since 1988) and 9M83 (in service since 1983) for the S-300V
- 9M82M and 9M83M for the Antey 2500 SAM system
- Ural SA missile
- M-31 (KS-42, experimental, 1961)
- KS-168
- KS-172
- 3M54 Biryusa
- V-755
- countermissile 5Ya26 (experimental, 1963) for the S-225
- countermissile 53T6 (PRS-1) for the А-135 (in service since 1995)
- countermissile 53T6M (PRS-1M, experimental, 1990th)
- countermissile 51T6 (experimental, 1980th)
- countermissile 3M10 (проект, конец 1950th)
- naval antisubmarine missile complex Vyuga (since 1960), complex RPK-2, naval missile 81R81RThe 81R , was an antiship and anti-submarine ballistic missile used by the Soviet Union during the Cold War. It had a short range and was unguided, but was loaded with an active nuclear warhead...
(in service since 1969), export variant called Vysota - target missile Virazh and Virazh-M on the basis of 3M8 и 3M8M
- countermissile PRS-1M
- countermissile 45T6
- naval antisubmarine missile complex RPK-6 Vodopad (in service since 1981)
- naval antisubmarine missile complex RPK-7 100RU (in service since 1984), export variant called Veter
- naval missile 3M10 Granat (in service since 1984)
- naval missile 3M-14 Caliber (3K14)
- naval missile Alpha (experimental)
- naval missile RK-55
- antisubmarine missile UR-91R
- submarine missile 3M14
- target missile Mirazh
Awards
- May 12, 1941 — Order of the Red BannerOrder of the Red BannerThe Soviet government of Russia established the Order of the Red Banner , a military decoration, on September 16, 1918 during the Russian Civil War...
for the distinguished services in the field of the design of the new weapons for the Soviet ArmySoviet ArmyThe Soviet Army is the name given to the main part of the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union between 1946 and 1992. Previously, it had been known as the Red Army. Informally, Армия referred to all the MOD armed forces, except, in some cases, the Soviet Navy.This article covers the Soviet Ground...
(RKKA) and the NavySoviet NavyThe Soviet Navy was the naval arm of the Soviet Armed Forces. Often referred to as the Red Fleet, the Soviet Navy would have played an instrumental role in a Warsaw Pact war with NATO, where it would have attempted to prevent naval convoys from bringing reinforcements across the Atlantic Ocean... - June 5, 1942 — Order of the Red StarOrder of the Red StarEstablished on 6 April 1930, the Order of the Red Star was an order of the Soviet Union, given to Red Army and Soviet Navy personnel for "exceptional service in the cause of the defense of the Soviet Union in both war and peace". It was established by Resolution of the Presidium of the CEC of the...
for the design and development of the new weapon models - August 9, 1944 — Order of the Honour Mark for the masterly implementation of the development and production of the new weapon types
- July 9, 1945 — Order of LeninOrder of LeninThe Order of Lenin , named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union...
for the successful implementation of the State Defence Committee (GKO) orders for the production of artillery weapons for the Red ArmyRed ArmyThe Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to... - 1948 - USSR Stalin (State) PrizeUSSR State PrizeThe USSR State Prize was the Soviet Union's state honour. It was established on September 9, 1966. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the prize was followed up by the State Prize of the Russian Federation....
- June 1966 - Hero of Socialist Labour for the distinguished services in the Five Years Plan of 1960–1965 and the design of the new weapon types
- 1967 - Laureate of the Lenin PrizeLenin PrizeThe Lenin Prize was one of the most prestigious awards of the USSR, presented to individuals for accomplishments relating to science, literature, arts, architecture, and technology. It was created on June 23, 1925 and was awarded until 1934. During the period from 1935 to 1956, the Lenin Prize was...
- 1977 - USSR State PrizeUSSR State PrizeThe USSR State Prize was the Soviet Union's state honour. It was established on September 9, 1966. After the breakup of the Soviet Union, the prize was followed up by the State Prize of the Russian Federation....
for the design of the new weapon types - March 1978 — Order of the Red BannerOrder of the Red BannerThe Soviet government of Russia established the Order of the Red Banner , a military decoration, on September 16, 1918 during the Russian Civil War...
for the distinguished services and personal contribution to the field of the design of the new weapons and equipment type and in case of the 70 years anniversary - March 1985 - Hero of Socialist Labour
External links
- World-known scientists founders of scientific - pedagogical schools at National Technical University of Ukraine "Kiev Polytechnic Institute" website
- http://www.testpilot.ru/russia/novator/novator.htm