Leó Frankel
Encyclopedia
Leó Frankel (February 25, 1844, Újlak, Óbuda
– March 29, 1896, Paris
) was a Communist revolutionary of Hungarian
and Jewish origin.
(now part of Budapest
, Hungary
). Trained as a goldsmith, he first went to work in Germany
in 1861, where he became involved with Ferdinand Lassalle
’s Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein sometime between 1865-66. In 1867, he was appointed as the Paris correspondent for the Sozialdemokraten, a Lassallist journal published in Switzerland. In Paris
he participated in the work of the First International, organizing German, Hungarian and other foreign workers within the city. Arrested in early 1870 for his political activity and being a member of the International, he was liberated by the revolution on September 4, 1870. During the Prussian Siege of Paris, he, along with other Internationalists, was highly critical of the Government of National Defense's efforts to oppose the Prussians. He also served as a member of the National Guard in defense of the city until its surrender to the Prussians on January 28, 1871.
On March 26, 1871 he was elected as a member of the Paris Commune
. Upon the defeat of the Commune, wounded in its defence, the revolutionary escaped the impending death sentence to Switzerland
. In 1871 he settled in London
, where he joined the leadership of the First International.
He was extradited to Hungary
by the Austrian police in 1876. From that point on, he was active organising the Hungarian workers' movement: he edited the German Language
Arbeiter Wochen-Chronik and founded the Hungarian General Labour Party
(1880)
He was convicted and sent to prison for a year and a half for the infringement of the prevailing press law in 1881. Upon his release he emigrated to France
once again.
He died in London in 1896. A commemorating obelisk was erected for him in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.
Óbuda
Óbuda was a historical city in Hungary. United with Buda and Pest in 1873 it now forms part of District III-Óbuda-Békásmegyer of Budapest. The name means Old Buda in Hungarian...
– March 29, 1896, Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
) was a Communist revolutionary of Hungarian
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
and Jewish origin.
Life
He was born in 1844, in ÓbudaÓbuda
Óbuda was a historical city in Hungary. United with Buda and Pest in 1873 it now forms part of District III-Óbuda-Békásmegyer of Budapest. The name means Old Buda in Hungarian...
(now part of Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...
, Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
). Trained as a goldsmith, he first went to work in Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
in 1861, where he became involved with Ferdinand Lassalle
Ferdinand Lassalle
Ferdinand Lassalle was a German-Jewish jurist and socialist political activist.-Early life:Ferdinand Lassalle was born on 11 April 1825 in Breslau , Silesia to a prosperous Jewish family descending from Upper Silesian Loslau...
’s Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein sometime between 1865-66. In 1867, he was appointed as the Paris correspondent for the Sozialdemokraten, a Lassallist journal published in Switzerland. In Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
he participated in the work of the First International, organizing German, Hungarian and other foreign workers within the city. Arrested in early 1870 for his political activity and being a member of the International, he was liberated by the revolution on September 4, 1870. During the Prussian Siege of Paris, he, along with other Internationalists, was highly critical of the Government of National Defense's efforts to oppose the Prussians. He also served as a member of the National Guard in defense of the city until its surrender to the Prussians on January 28, 1871.
On March 26, 1871 he was elected as a member of the Paris Commune
Paris Commune
The Paris Commune was a government that briefly ruled Paris from March 18 to May 28, 1871. It existed before the split between anarchists and Marxists had taken place, and it is hailed by both groups as the first assumption of power by the working class during the Industrial Revolution...
. Upon the defeat of the Commune, wounded in its defence, the revolutionary escaped the impending death sentence to Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
. In 1871 he settled in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
, where he joined the leadership of the First International.
He was extradited to Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
by the Austrian police in 1876. From that point on, he was active organising the Hungarian workers' movement: he edited the German Language
German language
German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....
Arbeiter Wochen-Chronik and founded the Hungarian General Labour Party
Hungarian General Labour Party
The General Workers Party of Hungary was a socialist political party in Hungary 1880-1890. The party was led by Leo Frankel. The party was formed through the merger of two parties, the Hungarian Labour Party and the Non-Voters Party...
(1880)
He was convicted and sent to prison for a year and a half for the infringement of the prevailing press law in 1881. Upon his release he emigrated to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
once again.
He died in London in 1896. A commemorating obelisk was erected for him in the Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris.
External links
See also
- :fr:Commune de Paris (1871) : Élus