Lianjiang
Encyclopedia
Lianjiang is a suburban county of Fuzhou
on the coast of Fujian
Province, China
. Most of the county is controlled by the People's Republic of China
(PRC), while a number of outlying island
s, collectively referred to as the Matsu Islands
, are administered as a separate Lienchiang County
(same Chinese name but in Wade-Giles Romanization) by the Republic of China
(ROC), based in Taiwan
since 1949. As a result, the county has two governments governing separate jurisdictions.
See Matsu Islands
for a description of ROC-governed Lienchiang County.
These townships are divided into 266 villages.
, was Wenma, named after a shipyard there, Wensha Ship-hamlet (溫麻船屯). It was incorporated into Min Prefecture (閩縣) in 607, during the Sui Dynasty
.
Wenma was changed to the present name and made its own county during in 623, during the Tang Dynasty
, when Baisha (白沙) or Fusha (伏沙) of Aojiang was the capital of Lianjiang County. The capital was changed to Fengcheng as today in 742.
After the Republic of China
was established, Lianjiang switched back and forth numerous times between two special regions:
In 1949, the county was split in two due to the Chinese Civil War
, as it remains today.
Beginning on 1 July 1983, the PRC side reverted control to Fuzhou Municipality
.
, a branch of Eastern Min. The dialect is also known as Bàng-uâ (平話).
104 national Highway in 500.3 kilometres (310.9 mi). 42.6 kilometres (26.5 mi) navigable river length.
Guantou and Kemen (可門) are the largest seaports in Lianjiang with national access.
s in Gui'an (貴安) and Tanghui (湯尾) of Pandu. There is a Dragon King
Palace-Temple (龍宮廟) in the Xiaocang She Nationality Rural Township.
Fuzhou
Fuzhou is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. Along with the many counties of Ningde, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute the Mindong linguistic and cultural area....
on the coast of Fujian
Fujian
' , formerly romanised as Fukien or Huguing or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait...
Province, China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. Most of the county is controlled by the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
(PRC), while a number of outlying island
Island
An island or isle is any piece of sub-continental land that is surrounded by water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, cays or keys. An island in a river or lake may be called an eyot , or holm...
s, collectively referred to as the Matsu Islands
Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands are a minor archipelago of 19 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait administered as Lienchiang County , Fujian Province of the Republic of China . Only a small area of what is historically Lienchiang County is under the control of the ROC...
, are administered as a separate Lienchiang County
Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands are a minor archipelago of 19 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait administered as Lienchiang County , Fujian Province of the Republic of China . Only a small area of what is historically Lienchiang County is under the control of the ROC...
(same Chinese name but in Wade-Giles Romanization) by the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
(ROC), based in Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
since 1949. As a result, the county has two governments governing separate jurisdictions.
See Matsu Islands
Matsu Islands
The Matsu Islands are a minor archipelago of 19 islands and islets in the Taiwan Strait administered as Lienchiang County , Fujian Province of the Republic of China . Only a small area of what is historically Lienchiang County is under the control of the ROC...
for a description of ROC-governed Lienchiang County.
Administration
PRC jurisdiction:- Capital: FengchengFengcheng TownFengcheng is a town in Fujian province, China, located in Lianjiang County, of which it is the county seat. It is sited on the southeast Chinese coast along the Yellow Sea. Lianjiang county is divided between People's Republic of China administration and Republic of China administration...
Town - PopulationPopulationA population is all the organisms that both belong to the same group or species and live in the same geographical area. The area that is used to define a sexual population is such that inter-breeding is possible between any pair within the area and more probable than cross-breeding with individuals...
: 620,000 - AreaAreaArea is a quantity that expresses the extent of a two-dimensional surface or shape in the plane. Area can be understood as the amount of material with a given thickness that would be necessary to fashion a model of the shape, or the amount of paint necessary to cover the surface with a single coat...
: 1168.1 square kilometre - Geographic coordinates: 26°03'-26°27' N, 119°17'-120°31' E
- Coastline length: 209 km (129.9 mi)
Towns (镇, zhen)
The PRC governs 14 towns:- Fengchang (凤城镇)Fengcheng TownFengcheng is a town in Fujian province, China, located in Lianjiang County, of which it is the county seat. It is sited on the southeast Chinese coast along the Yellow Sea. Lianjiang county is divided between People's Republic of China administration and Republic of China administration...
("Phoenix City Town") - Mabi (马鼻镇) ("Horse Snout Town")
- Danyang (丹阳镇)
- Dongdai (东岱镇)
- Donghu (东湖镇) ("East Lake Town")
- Guanban (官坂镇) (Traditional: 官阪镇)
- Tailu (苔菉镇)
- Aojiang (敖江镇) ("Ao River Township")
- Pukou (浦口镇) ("River Mouth Township")
- Toubao (透堡镇)
- Huangqi (黄岐镇)
- Xiao'ao (晓澳镇)
- Guantou (琯头镇 - Guàntóu; officially 倌头 Guāntou)
- Xiaocheng (筱埕镇 - Xiǎochéng)
Townships (乡, xiang)
- Xiagong (下宫乡)
- Xiaocang She-nationShe peopleThe She people are a Chinese ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China....
Ethnic Township (小沧畲族乡; Traditional: 小滄佘族鄉) - Changlong (长龙乡) ("Long Dragon Township")
- Ankai (安凯乡)
- Kengyuan (坑园乡)
- Liaoyan (蓼沿乡)
- Pandu (潘渡乡)
These townships are divided into 266 villages.
History
Lianjiang, in 282, during the Jin DynastyJìn Dynasty (265-420)
The Jìn Dynasty , was a dynasty in Chinese history, lasting between the years 265 and 420 AD. There are two main divisions in the history of the Dynasty, the first being Western Jin and the second Eastern Jin...
, was Wenma, named after a shipyard there, Wensha Ship-hamlet (溫麻船屯). It was incorporated into Min Prefecture (閩縣) in 607, during the Sui Dynasty
Sui Dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was a powerful, but short-lived Imperial Chinese dynasty. Preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes. It was followed by the Tang Dynasty....
.
Wenma was changed to the present name and made its own county during in 623, during the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
, when Baisha (白沙) or Fusha (伏沙) of Aojiang was the capital of Lianjiang County. The capital was changed to Fengcheng as today in 742.
After the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
was established, Lianjiang switched back and forth numerous times between two special regions:
- Minhou Special Region (閩侯專區) (total 18 years)
- Fu'an (Ningde) Special Region (福安（寧德）專區) (total 16 years)
In 1949, the county was split in two due to the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
, as it remains today.
Beginning on 1 July 1983, the PRC side reverted control to Fuzhou Municipality
Fuzhou
Fuzhou is the capital and one of the largest cities in Fujian Province, People's Republic of China. Along with the many counties of Ningde, those of Fuzhou are considered to constitute the Mindong linguistic and cultural area....
.
Culture
Residents of Lianjiang, both mainland and Matsu speak Fuzhou dialectFuzhou dialect
Fuzhou dialect , also known as Foochow dialect, Foochow, Foochowese, Fuzhounese, or Fuzhouhua, is considered the standard dialect of Min Dong, which is a branch of Min Chinese mainly spoken in the eastern part of Fujian Province. Native speakers also call it ' , meaning the language spoken in...
, a branch of Eastern Min. The dialect is also known as Bàng-uâ (平話).
Economy
Food products:- Farm: loquatLoquatThe loquat , Eriobotrya japonica, is a fruit tree in the family Rosaceae, indigenous to southeastern China. It was formerly thought to be closely related to the genus Mespilus, and is still sometimes known as the Japanese medlar...
s, riceRiceRice is the seed of the monocot plants Oryza sativa or Oryza glaberrima . As a cereal grain, it is the most important staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, the Middle East, and the West Indies...
, sweet potatoSweet potatoThe sweet potato is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the family Convolvulaceae. Its large, starchy, sweet-tasting, tuberous roots are an important root vegetable. The young leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten as greens. Of the approximately 50 genera and more than 1,000 species of...
, beanBeanBean is a common name for large plant seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae used for human food or animal feed....
, cottonCottonCotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective capsule, around the seeds of cotton plants of the genus Gossypium. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. The botanical purpose of cotton fiber is to aid in seed dispersal....
, sugar cane, tea plant, jasmineJasmineJasminum , commonly known as jasmines, is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family . It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Old World...
, watermelonWatermelonWatermelon is a vine-like flowering plant originally from southern Africa. Its fruit, which is also called watermelon, is a special kind referred to by botanists as a pepo, a berry which has a thick rind and fleshy center...
, mushroomMushroomA mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus; hence the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi that...
, grapes. - Sea: rhubarbRhubarbRhubarb is a group of plants that belong to the genus Rheum in the family Polygonaceae. They are herbaceous perennial plants growing from short, thick rhizomes. They have large leaves that are somewhat triangular-shaped with long fleshy petioles...
, hairtail, shadShadThe shads or river herrings comprise the genus Alosa, fish related to herring in the family Clupeidae. They are distinct from others in that family by having a deeper body and spawning in rivers. The several species frequent different areas on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea....
, pomfret, cuttlefishCuttlefishCuttlefish are marine animals of the order Sepiida. They belong to the class Cephalopoda . Despite their name, cuttlefish are not fish but molluscs....
, garoupa, prawnPrawnPrawns are decapod crustaceans of the sub-order Dendrobranchiata. There are 540 extant species, in seven families, and a fossil record extending back to the Devonian...
, crabCrabTrue crabs are decapod crustaceans of the infraorder Brachyura, which typically have a very short projecting "tail" , or where the reduced abdomen is entirely hidden under the thorax...
, clamClamThe word "clam" can be applied to freshwater mussels, and other freshwater bivalves, as well as marine bivalves.In the United States, "clam" can be used in several different ways: one, as a general term covering all bivalve molluscs...
. - Other: Yuanhong wine (“元紅”)
Transportation
Luochang Express Way runs through the county104 national Highway in 500.3 kilometres (310.9 mi). 42.6 kilometres (26.5 mi) navigable river length.
Guantou and Kemen (可門) are the largest seaports in Lianjiang with national access.
Tourism
There are hot springHot spring
A hot spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. There are geothermal hot springs in many locations all over the crust of the earth.-Definitions:...
s in Gui'an (貴安) and Tanghui (湯尾) of Pandu. There is a Dragon King
Dragon King
The four Dragon Kings are, in Chinese mythology, the divine rulers of the four seas . Although Dragon Kings appear in their true forms as dragons, they have the ability to shapeshift into human form...
Palace-Temple (龍宮廟) in the Xiaocang She Nationality Rural Township.
External links
- Tourism website
- Tourism (Matsu National Scienic Area)
- County Official Website (ROC)