Lino Gallardo
Encyclopedia
Lino Gallardo was a Venezuelan composer, conductor, and string player, and was among the musicians who participated in and contributed to the Wars of Independence. Gallardo was born in Ocumare del Tuy
(Miranda state
) in 1773. Rudesindo Gallardo and Bárbara Timotea Aguado were his parents, both pardos; they died while he was still young, and he was adopted by Juan Manuel Olivares
, who lodged him until 1792. It is here that he received his first musical lessons. On December 26, 1794, married Maria del Carmen Araujo. After she died, he married María Catalina Pereira on April 30, 1799. With her, he had three daughters: María Josefa Leona, Eladia de la Merced and Francisca de Paula. One of them, Maria Josefa, became a piano teacher. Lino Gallardo also stood as a composer of patriotic songs, as a conductor, and as a violin
inist, cellist
, and player of the double bass
. Being a disciple of Juan Manuel Olivares
, he belonged to the group known as the School of Chacao. He composed the music for Canción Americana, which reached enormous popularity at the time. Lino Gallardo was part of the conspiracies of 1808 and 1810 (participating in the events of April 19, 1810), and was member of the Patriotic Society.
For composing and singing patriotic songs in the street, Lino Gallardo was jailed after the fall of the First Republic (in July 1812) in the vaults of La Guaira
, where he remained until the triumphant entrance of Simón Bolívar
to Caracas
. In 1818, under the royalist regime, he founded the Philharmonic Society of Caracas, which functioned as a school of music and concert society. Gallardo led the orchestra as well as being the principal of the school. Some attribute the music of the Venezuelan national anthem (Gloria al Bravo Pueblo
) to him, or at least acknowledge participation its composition.
On August 9, 1824, he was named head professor of music of Caracas. In 1827, when Simón Bolivar entered Caracas, Gallardo composed a patriotic song in his honor; this allowed him the honor of being included among the patriots, being dubbed fiel peso in the Customs
Office of La Guaira
. In 1827, he established his residence in La Guaira
, where he lived until his death, working from 1829 onward in the port city's aforementioned Customs
Office. Among the few extant compositions, we have: Bolívar, la fama elevó, which appeared in 1883 in Ramón de la Plaza´s book,' Evidence of the Arts in Venezuela. Lino Gallardo died in Caracas
, December 22, 1837.
Ocumare del Tuy
Ocumare del Tuy is a city located in the Miranda State in northern Venezuela. With a 10.12°N of latitude and 66.78°W of longitude, Ocumare del Tuy is noted for warm and clear weather, with year-round sunshine and 60 days of rainfall annually, and an average temperature that ranges from 64 to 83...
(Miranda state
Miranda (state)
Miranda State is one of the 23 states into which Venezuela is divided. It is ranked second in population among Venezuelan states, after Zulia State. In June 30, 2010, it had approximately 2,987,968 residents. It also has the greatest Human Development Index in Venezuela, according to the...
) in 1773. Rudesindo Gallardo and Bárbara Timotea Aguado were his parents, both pardos; they died while he was still young, and he was adopted by Juan Manuel Olivares
Juan Manuel Olivares
Juan Manuel Hermenegildo de la Luz Olivares was a Venezuelan composer from the Colonial era.Olivares was born in Caracas. As a child, he studied under Don Ambrosio Carreño...
, who lodged him until 1792. It is here that he received his first musical lessons. On December 26, 1794, married Maria del Carmen Araujo. After she died, he married María Catalina Pereira on April 30, 1799. With her, he had three daughters: María Josefa Leona, Eladia de la Merced and Francisca de Paula. One of them, Maria Josefa, became a piano teacher. Lino Gallardo also stood as a composer of patriotic songs, as a conductor, and as a violin
Violin
The violin is a string instrument, usually with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is the smallest, highest-pitched member of the violin family of string instruments, which includes the viola and cello....
inist, cellist
Cello
The cello is a bowed string instrument with four strings tuned in perfect fifths. It is a member of the violin family of musical instruments, which also includes the violin, viola, and double bass. Old forms of the instrument in the Baroque era are baryton and viol .A person who plays a cello is...
, and player of the double bass
Double bass
The double bass, also called the string bass, upright bass, standup bass or contrabass, is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed string instrument in the modern symphony orchestra, with strings usually tuned to E1, A1, D2 and G2...
. Being a disciple of Juan Manuel Olivares
Juan Manuel Olivares
Juan Manuel Hermenegildo de la Luz Olivares was a Venezuelan composer from the Colonial era.Olivares was born in Caracas. As a child, he studied under Don Ambrosio Carreño...
, he belonged to the group known as the School of Chacao. He composed the music for Canción Americana, which reached enormous popularity at the time. Lino Gallardo was part of the conspiracies of 1808 and 1810 (participating in the events of April 19, 1810), and was member of the Patriotic Society.
For composing and singing patriotic songs in the street, Lino Gallardo was jailed after the fall of the First Republic (in July 1812) in the vaults of La Guaira
La Guaira
La Guaira is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Vargas and the country's chief port. It was founded in 1577 as an outlet for Caracas, to the southeast. The town and the port were badly damaged during the December 1999 floods and mudslides that affected much of the region...
, where he remained until the triumphant entrance of Simón Bolívar
Simón Bolívar
Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y Yeiter, commonly known as Simón Bolívar was a Venezuelan military and political leader...
to Caracas
Caracas
Caracas , officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela; natives or residents are known as Caraquenians in English . It is located in the northern part of the country, following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range...
. In 1818, under the royalist regime, he founded the Philharmonic Society of Caracas, which functioned as a school of music and concert society. Gallardo led the orchestra as well as being the principal of the school. Some attribute the music of the Venezuelan national anthem (Gloria al Bravo Pueblo
Gloria al Bravo Pueblo
Gloria al Bravo Pueblo was adopted as Venezuela's diverse national anthem by President Antonio Guzmán Blanco on May 25, 1885. The lyrics were written by the physician and journalist Vicente Salias in 1810. The music was later composed by musician Juan José Landaeta...
) to him, or at least acknowledge participation its composition.
On August 9, 1824, he was named head professor of music of Caracas. In 1827, when Simón Bolivar entered Caracas, Gallardo composed a patriotic song in his honor; this allowed him the honor of being included among the patriots, being dubbed fiel peso in the Customs
Customs
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, transports, personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country...
Office of La Guaira
La Guaira
La Guaira is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Vargas and the country's chief port. It was founded in 1577 as an outlet for Caracas, to the southeast. The town and the port were badly damaged during the December 1999 floods and mudslides that affected much of the region...
. In 1827, he established his residence in La Guaira
La Guaira
La Guaira is the capital city of the Venezuelan state of Vargas and the country's chief port. It was founded in 1577 as an outlet for Caracas, to the southeast. The town and the port were badly damaged during the December 1999 floods and mudslides that affected much of the region...
, where he lived until his death, working from 1829 onward in the port city's aforementioned Customs
Customs
Customs is an authority or agency in a country responsible for collecting and safeguarding customs duties and for controlling the flow of goods including animals, transports, personal effects and hazardous items in and out of a country...
Office. Among the few extant compositions, we have: Bolívar, la fama elevó, which appeared in 1883 in Ramón de la Plaza´s book,' Evidence of the Arts in Venezuela. Lino Gallardo died in Caracas
Caracas
Caracas , officially Santiago de León de Caracas, is the capital and largest city of Venezuela; natives or residents are known as Caraquenians in English . It is located in the northern part of the country, following the contours of the narrow Caracas Valley on the Venezuelan coastal mountain range...
, December 22, 1837.