List of Abell clusters
Encyclopedia
The Abell catalogue
is an almost complete catalogue of approximately 4000 galaxy clusters with at least 30 members to a redshift
of z = 0.2. It was originally compiled by George Abell
in 1958 using the plates of POSS, and extended to the southern hemisphere by Abell, Corwin and Olowin in 1987. The name 'Abell' also commonly is used as a designation for objects he compiled in a catalog of 86 planetary nebulae in 1966. The proper designation for the galaxy clusters is 'ACO' eg 'ACO 13'; while the planetary nebulae designation is the single letter 'A' eg 'A 39'.
Abell catalogue
The Abell catalog of rich clusters of galaxies is an all-sky catalog of 4,073 rich galaxy clusters of nominal redshift z 18.0*Galactic-Latitude: Areas of the sky in the neighbourhood of the Milky Way were excluded from the study because the density of stars in those fields—not to mention...
is an almost complete catalogue of approximately 4000 galaxy clusters with at least 30 members to a redshift
Redshift
In physics , redshift happens when light seen coming from an object is proportionally increased in wavelength, or shifted to the red end of the spectrum...
of z = 0.2. It was originally compiled by George Abell
George Ogden Abell
George Ogden Abell was an astronomer at UCLA. He worked as a research astronomer, teacher, administrator, popularizer of science and education, and skeptic. Abell received his B.S. , M.S. and Ph.D. from the California Institute of Technology...
in 1958 using the plates of POSS, and extended to the southern hemisphere by Abell, Corwin and Olowin in 1987. The name 'Abell' also commonly is used as a designation for objects he compiled in a catalog of 86 planetary nebulae in 1966. The proper designation for the galaxy clusters is 'ACO' eg 'ACO 13'; while the planetary nebulae designation is the single letter 'A' eg 'A 39'.
- Abell 13
- Abell 85
- Abell 133
- Abell 226
- Abell 262
- Abell 263
- Abell 370Abell 370Abell 370 is a galaxy cluster located approximately 6 billion light years away from the Earth , in the constellation Cetus. Its core is made up of several hundred galaxies...
- in CetusCetusCetus is a constellation. Its name refers to Cetus, a sea monster in Greek mythology, although it is often called 'the whale' today. Cetus is located in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations such as Aquarius, Pisces, and Eridanus.-Ecliptic:Although Cetus is not...
, exhibits gravitational lensing - Abell 400Abell 400Abell 400 is a galaxy cluster, containing a galaxy with two supermassive black holes 3C 75 spiralling towards merger.These two supermassive black holes are contained in NGC 1128. The galaxy, microwave radio jets, multi-million degree X-ray producing gas and resultant radio source is known as 3C 75...
- in CetusCetusCetus is a constellation. Its name refers to Cetus, a sea monster in Greek mythology, although it is often called 'the whale' today. Cetus is located in the region of the sky that contains other water-related constellations such as Aquarius, Pisces, and Eridanus.-Ecliptic:Although Cetus is not... - Abell 401 - in AriesAries (constellation)Aries is one of the constellations of the zodiac, located between Pisces to the west and Taurus to the east. Its name is Latin for ram, and its symbol is , representing a ram's horns...
- Abell 426 - the Perseus ClusterPerseus ClusterThe Perseus Cluster is a cluster of galaxies in the constellation Perseus. It has a recession speed of 5,366 km/s and a diameter of 863′...
- Abell 514
- Abell 520Abell 520The Abell 520 galaxy cluster is an unusual structure resulting from a major merger. It has been popularly nicknamed The Train Wreck Cluster, due to its chaotic structure....
- the “Train Wreck”, in OrionOrion (constellation)Orion, often referred to as The Hunter, is a prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and visible throughout the world. It is one of the most conspicuous, and most recognizable constellations in the night sky... - Abell 553
- Abell 569
- Abell 576 - in LynxLynx (constellation)Lynx is a constellation in the northern sky, introduced in the 17th century by Johannes Hevelius. It is named after the lynx, a genus of cat. It is a very faint constellation; its brightest stars form a zigzag line.-History:...
- Abell 653 - in HydraHydra (constellation)Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees. It has a long history, having been included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. It is commonly represented as a water snake...
- Abell 689 - in CancerCancer (constellation)Cancer is one of the twelve constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for crab and it is commonly represented as such. Its symbol is . Cancer is small and its stars are faint...
- Abell 754Abell 754Abell 754 is a cluster of galaxies in the constellation Hydra that was formed from the collision of two smaller clusters. This collision, which began about 300 million years ago, is ongoing, and the system is still disturbed. Eventually, the cluster will reach a level of equilibrium in a few...
- in HydraHydra (constellation)Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees. It has a long history, having been included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. It is commonly represented as a water snake... - Abell 901
- Abell 955
- Abell 966
- Abell 1060Hydra ClusterThe Hydra Cluster is a cluster of galaxies that contains 157 bright galaxies and can be viewed from earth in the constellation Hydra. The cluster spans about ten million light years and has an unusual high proportion of dark matter. The cluster is part of the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster located...
- the Hydra ClusterHydra ClusterThe Hydra Cluster is a cluster of galaxies that contains 157 bright galaxies and can be viewed from earth in the constellation Hydra. The cluster spans about ten million light years and has an unusual high proportion of dark matter. The cluster is part of the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster located... - Abell 1146 - in CraterCrater (constellation)Crater is a constellation. Its name is Latin for cup, and in Greek mythology it is identified with the cup of the god Apollo. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations...
- Abell 1367 - the Leo ClusterLeo ClusterThe Leo Cluster is a galaxy cluster about 330 million light-years distant in the constellation Leo. Along with the Coma Cluster, it is one of the two major clusters comprising the Coma Supercluster-External links:...
- Abell 1631
- Abell 1656 - the Coma ClusterComa cluster of galaxiesThe Coma Cluster is a large cluster of galaxies that contains over 1,000 identified galaxies. Along with the Leo Cluster , it is one of the two major clusters comprising the Coma Supercluster. It is located in and takes its name from the constellation Coma Berenices.The cluster's mean distance...
- Abell 1689Abell 1689Abell 1689 is a galaxy cluster in the constellation Virgo. It is one of the biggest and most massive galaxy clusters known and acts as a gravitational lens, distorting the images of galaxies that lie behind it...
- in VirgoVirgo (constellation)Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for virgin, and its symbol is . Lying between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, it is the second largest constellation in the sky...
, one of the biggest and most massive galaxy clusters known; acts as a gravitational lens - Abell 1795 - in BoötesBoötesBoötes is a constellation in the northern sky, located between 0° and +60° declination, and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere. The name comes from the Greek Βοώτης, Boōtēs, meaning herdsman or plowman...
- Abell 1835Abell 1835Abell 1835 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. It is a cluster that also gravitational lenses more-distant background galaxies to make them visible to astronomers. The cluster has a red shift of around 75,900 km/s and spans 12′....
- in VirgoVirgo (constellation)Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for virgin, and its symbol is . Lying between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, it is the second largest constellation in the sky...
, behind which lies a candidate for the furthest known galaxy, "Galaxy Abell 1835 IR1916Galaxy Abell 1835 IR1916Abell 1835 IR1916 was a candidate for being the most distant galaxy ever observed. It was claimed to lie behind the galaxy cluster Abell 1835, in the Virgo constellation...
", seen through gravitational lensing - Abell 1914 - in BoötesBoötesBoötes is a constellation in the northern sky, located between 0° and +60° declination, and 13 and 16 hours of right ascension on the celestial sphere. The name comes from the Greek Βοώτης, Boōtēs, meaning herdsman or plowman...
- Abell 2029Abell 2029Abell 2029 is a large cluster of galaxies a billion light years away in the constellation Virgo. The central galaxy is perhaps the largest known, with estimates ranging from 5.6 to over 6 million light years across; contrast this with the Milky Way, which is 100,000 light years across...
- in VirgoVirgo (constellation)Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for virgin, and its symbol is . Lying between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, it is the second largest constellation in the sky...
, near the border with Serpens Caput - Abell 2052
- Abell 2065 - the Corona Borealis Cluster
- Abell 2142Abell 2142Abell 2142, or A2142, is a huge, X-ray luminous galaxy cluster in the constellation Corona Borealis. It is the result of a still ongoing merger between two galaxy clusters. The combined cluster is six million light years across, contains hundreds of galaxies and enough gas to make a thousand more...
- in Corona BorealisCorona BorealisCorona Borealis is a small constellation in the northern sky. Its name is Latin for "northern crown", a name inspired by its shape; its main stars form a semicircular arc. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern...
, a merger of two huge galaxy clusters - Abell 2147Abell 2147Abell 2147 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue. It is located within the core of the Hercules Superclusters, within Serpens Caput, approximately two degrees south southwest of the Hercules Cluster...
- in Serpens Caput and a member of the Hercules Supercluster. - Abell 2151 - the Hercules ClusterHercules ClusterThe Hercules Cluster is a cluster of about 100 galaxies some 650 million light-years distant in the constellation Hercules. It is rich in spiral galaxies and shows many interacting galaxies...
, major component of the Hercules Supercluster - Abell 2152 - the smaller part of the Hercules supercluster, Lx ≤ 3 x 1044 ergs/s.
- Abell 2199Abell 2199Abell 2199 is a galaxy cluster in the Abell catalogue....
- in HerculesHercules (constellation)Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythological hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. Hercules was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today... - Abell 2200 - in HerculesHercules (constellation)Hercules is a constellation named after Hercules, the Roman mythological hero adapted from the Greek hero Heracles. Hercules was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and it remains one of the 88 modern constellations today...
- Abell 2218Abell 2218Abell 2218 is a cluster of galaxies about 2 billion light-years away in the constellation Draco.Acting as a powerful lens, it magnifies and distorts all galaxies lying behind the cluster core into long arcs. The lensed galaxies are all stretched along the cluster's center and some of them are...
- in DracoDraco (constellation)Draco is a constellation in the far northern sky. Its name is Latin for dragon. Draco is circumpolar for many observers in the northern hemisphere...
, exhibits gravitational lensing - Abell 2256 - in Ursa MinorUrsa MinorUrsa Minor , also known as the Little Bear, is a constellation in the northern sky. Like the Great Bear, the tail of the Little Bear may also be seen as the handle of a ladle, whence the name Little Dipper...
- Abell 2319 - in CygnusCygnus (constellation)Cygnus is a northern constellation lying on the plane of the Milky Way. Its name is the Latinized Hellenic word for swan. One of the most recognizable constellations of the northern summer and autumn, it features a prominent asterism known as the Northern Cross...
, very close to, and possibly extending into, Lyra - Abell 2384 - in CapricornusCapricornusCapricornus is one of the constellations of the zodiac; it is often called Capricorn, especially when referring to the corresponding astrological sign. Its name is Latin for "horned male goat" or "goat horn", and it is commonly represented in the form of a sea-goat: a mythical creature that is half...
- Abell 2440
- Abell 2589 - in PegasusPegasus (constellation)Pegasus is a constellation in the northern sky, named after the winged horse Pegasus in Greek mythology. It was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy, and remains one of the 88 modern constellations.-Stars:...
- Abell 2666
- Abell 2667Abell 2667Abell 2667 is a galaxy cluster. It is one of the most luminous galaxy clusters in the X-ray waveband known at redshift about 0.2.This cluster is also a well-known gravitational lens....
- in SculptorSculptor (constellation)Sculptor is a small and faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris , but the name was later shortened.-Notable features:No stars brighter than 3rd magnitude are...
, a gravitational lens that produces one of the brightest gravitational arcs in the sky - Abell 2744Abell 2744Abell 2744, nicknamed Pandora's Cluster, is a giant galaxy cluster resulting from the simultaneous pile-up of at least four separate, smaller galaxy clusters that took place over a span of 350 million years. The galaxies in the cluster make up less than five percent of its mass. The gas is so hot...
- or Pandora’s Cluster, in SculptorSculptor (constellation)Sculptor is a small and faint constellation in the southern sky. It represents a sculptor. It was introduced by Nicolas Louis de Lacaille in the 18th century. He originally named it Apparatus Sculptoris , but the name was later shortened.-Notable features:No stars brighter than 3rd magnitude are...
. It seems to have formed from four different clusters involved in a series of collisions over a period of some 350 million years. - Abell 3128 - the Shapley 20 cluster
- Abell 3158 - the Shapley 17 cluster
- Abell 3266Abell 3266Abell 3266 is a galaxy cluster in the southern sky. It is part of the Horologium-Reticulum supercluster. The galaxy cluster is one of the largest in the southern sky, and one of the largest mass concentrations in the nearby universe....
- in ReticulumReticulumReticulum is a small, faint constellation in the southern sky. Its name is Latin for a small net, or reticle—a net of crosshairs at the focus of a telescope eyepiece that is used to measure star positions...
, part of the Horologium-Reticulum supercluster - Abell 3341
- Abell 3363
- Abell 3526 - the Centaurus ClusterCentaurus ClusterThe Centaurus Cluster is a cluster of hundreds of galaxies, located approximately 155 million light years away in the Centaurus constellation. The brightest member galaxy is the elliptical galaxy NGC 4696...
- Abell 3558 - the Shapley 8 cluster
- Abell 3562 - part of the Shapley SuperclusterShapley SuperclusterThe Shapley Supercluster or Shapley Concentration is the largest concentration of galaxies in our nearby universe that forms a gravitationally interacting unit, thereby pulling itself together instead of expanding with the universe. It appears as a striking overdensity in the distribution of...
- Abell 3565 - part of the Hydra-Centaurus SuperclusterHydra-Centaurus SuperclusterThe Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster , or the Hydra and Centaurus superclusters, is a supercluster in two parts and the closest neighbour of Milky Way's Virgo Supercluster....
- Abell 3574 - part of the Hydra-Centaurus SuperclusterHydra-Centaurus SuperclusterThe Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster , or the Hydra and Centaurus superclusters, is a supercluster in two parts and the closest neighbour of Milky Way's Virgo Supercluster....
- Abell 3581 - part of the Hydra-Centaurus SuperclusterHydra-Centaurus SuperclusterThe Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster , or the Hydra and Centaurus superclusters, is a supercluster in two parts and the closest neighbour of Milky Way's Virgo Supercluster....
- Abell 3627 - the Norma clusterNorma clusterThe Norma Cluster is a rich cluster of galaxies located near the center of the Great Attractor. Although it is both nearby and bright, it is difficult to observe because it is located in the Zone of Avoidance, a region near the plane of the Milky Way. Consequently, the cluster is severely...
- Abell 4059
- Abell S636Antlia ClusterThe Antlia Cluster is a cluster of galaxies located in the Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster. The Antlia Cluster is the third nearest to our Local Group after the Virgo Cluster and Fornax Cluster. The cluster's distance from earth is 32.58 - 32.71 Mly away and can be viewed from earth in the...
- the Antlia Cluster, part of the Hydra-Centaurus SuperclusterHydra-Centaurus SuperclusterThe Hydra-Centaurus Supercluster , or the Hydra and Centaurus superclusters, is a supercluster in two parts and the closest neighbour of Milky Way's Virgo Supercluster.... - Abell S740Abell S740The Abell S740 is a cluster of galaxies identified in the Abell catalogue of rich clusters of galaxies. It is over 450 Mly away in the constellation Centaurus. It has a red shift of 10,073 km/s....
- 450 Mly away in the constellation Centaurus