List of Germans who resisted Nazism
Encyclopedia
This list contains the names of individuals involved in the German Resistance
against National Socialism, insofar as they are not primarily on the list of members of the July 20 plot.
Those individuals, as with those in the Kreisau Circle
are in the list of members of the July 20, 1944 plot. People whose activities are not primarily with the July 20 plot are on both lists. The members of the Rote Kapelle are not presently on this list.
There are both men and women on this list of German Widerstandskämpfer ("Resistance fighters") who grew up in Germany, some in Austria, who risked their lives to overthrow the National Socialist regime, to denounce its war criminals, tried to prevent World War II
, tried to sabotage German attacks on other countries, or to protect those who were being harmed and persecuted by the Nazis.
After the individual's name and dates, is listed the affiliated resistance group. Where none is mentioned, the individual acted alone.
Josef Wirmer
(1901–1944), Catholic church,
German Resistance
The German resistance was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to Adolf Hitler or the National Socialist regime between 1933 and 1945. Some of these engaged in active plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power and overthrow his regime...
against National Socialism, insofar as they are not primarily on the list of members of the July 20 plot.
Those individuals, as with those in the Kreisau Circle
Kreisau Circle
The Kreisau Circle was the name the Nazi Gestapo gave to a group of German dissidents centered on the Kreisau estate of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke. The Kreisauer Kreis is celebrated as one of the instances of German opposition to the Nazi regime...
are in the list of members of the July 20, 1944 plot. People whose activities are not primarily with the July 20 plot are on both lists. The members of the Rote Kapelle are not presently on this list.
There are both men and women on this list of German Widerstandskämpfer ("Resistance fighters") who grew up in Germany, some in Austria, who risked their lives to overthrow the National Socialist regime, to denounce its war criminals, tried to prevent World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, tried to sabotage German attacks on other countries, or to protect those who were being harmed and persecuted by the Nazis.
After the individual's name and dates, is listed the affiliated resistance group. Where none is mentioned, the individual acted alone.
A
- Wilhelm Abegg (1876–1951) Deutsche Demokratische Partei (DDP), National Committee for a Free GermanyNational Committee for a Free GermanyThe National Committee for a Free Germany was a German anti-Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II.- History :...
in Switzerland - Wolfgang AbendrothWolfgang AbendrothWolfgang Abendroth was a socialist German jurist and political scientist. He was born in Elberfeld, now a part of Wuppertal in North Rhine-Westphalia. Abendroth was an important contributor to the constitutional foundation of postwar West Germany. He briefly held a professorship in law in East...
(1906–1985) KPOCommunist Party OppositionThe Communist Party of Germany was a communist opposition organisation established at the end of 1928 and maintaining its existence until 1939 or 1940...
, Neu BeginnenNeu BeginnenNeu Beginnen was a fringe opposition group on the socialist wing of SPD, which was greatly influenced by the ideas of Lenin. It was formed in 1929. After the Machtübernahme in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Germany should be after the National Socialist movement...
, ELAS - Friedrich Ablass (1894–1949) DDP
- Robert AbshagenRobert AbshagenRobert Abshagen was a German Resistance fighter against National Socialism and a Communist.- Biography :Abshagen first worked in insurance, then as a sailor and finally, as a construction worker. He joined the Communist Party of Germany in 1931.Beginning in 1933, he took part in the illegal German...
(1911–1944), KPDCommunist Party of GermanyThe Communist Party of Germany was a major political party in Germany between 1918 and 1933, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period until it was banned in 1956... - Alexander AbuschAlexander AbuschAlexander Abusch was a German journalist, writer and politician. Abusch joined the Communist Party of Germany in 1918. He would serve as editor of some KPD publications. In 1937, he became part of the exiled KPD leadership in Paris, later in Toulouse. In 1941 he shifted to Mexico, were he became...
(1902–1982), KPDCommunist Party of GermanyThe Communist Party of Germany was a major political party in Germany between 1918 and 1933, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period until it was banned in 1956... - Anton AckermannAnton AckermannAnton Ackermann was an East German politician. In 1953, he briefly served as Minister of Foreign Affairs....
(1905–1973), KPDCommunist Party of GermanyThe Communist Party of Germany was a major political party in Germany between 1918 and 1933, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period until it was banned in 1956... - Alfred Althus (1888–1943), SPDSocial Democratic Party of GermanyThe Social Democratic Party of Germany is a social-democratic political party in Germany...
, supporter of Polish resistance group organized by Ignaz Hulka - Günter Ammon (1918–1995), White RoseWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor...
- Etkar André (1894–1936), KPDCommunist Party of GermanyThe Communist Party of Germany was a major political party in Germany between 1918 and 1933, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period until it was banned in 1956...
- Victor Andersen (1908–1995), SPDSocial Democratic Party of GermanyThe Social Democratic Party of Germany is a social-democratic political party in Germany...
- Willy Anker (1885–1960), SPDSocial Democratic Party of GermanyThe Social Democratic Party of Germany is a social-democratic political party in Germany...
- Rosa Aschenbrenner (1885–1967), Rote Hilfe Deutschlands
- Judith AuerJudith AuerJudith Auer was a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime in Germany.-Early life:...
(1905–1944), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front .... - Walter Auerbach (1905–1975) SPDSocial Democratic Party of GermanyThe Social Democratic Party of Germany is a social-democratic political party in Germany...
, International Transport Workers' FederationInternational Transport Workers' FederationThe International Transport Workers' Federation is a global union federation of transport workers' trade unions, founded in 1896. In 2009 the ITF had 654 member organizations in 148 countries, representing a combined membership of 4.5 million workers.... - Hermann Axen (1916–1992), KPDCommunist Party of GermanyThe Communist Party of Germany was a major political party in Germany between 1918 and 1933, and a minor party in West Germany in the postwar period until it was banned in 1956...
B
- Bruno Bachler, Edelweißpiraten
- Kurt Bachmann (1909–1997), KPD
- Lagi Gräfin von Ballestrem (1909–1955), Solf Circle
- Herbert Balzer (1897–1945), KPD
- Karl BaierKarl BaierKarl Baier was a highly decorated Hauptmann der Reserves in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross...
(1887–1973), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :... - Erich Baron (1881–1931), KPD
- Karl BarthKarl BarthKarl Barth was a Swiss Reformed theologian whom critics hold to be among the most important Christian thinkers of the 20th century; Pope Pius XII described him as the most important theologian since Thomas Aquinas...
(1886–1968), theologian, Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Heinz Bartsch (1906–1944), KPD
- Bernhard BästleinBernhard BästleinBernhard Bästlein was a German Communist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. He was imprisoned very shortly after the Nazis seized power in 1933 and was imprisoned almost without interruption until his execution in 1944, by the Nazis...
(1894–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945...
and Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front .... - Herbert BaumHerbert BaumHerbert Baum was a Jewish member of the German resistance against National Socialism.Baum was born in Mosina, Province of Posen; his family moved to Berlin when he was young...
(1912–1942), KJVDYoung Communist League of GermanyThe Young Communist League of Germany was a political youth organization in Germany. It was formed in 1920 from the Free Socialist Youth of the Communist Party of Germany, which itself was formed in October 1918, with support from the Spartacus League . The KJVD was created in 1925...
, Herbert Baum Group - Marianne Baum (1912–1942), Herbert Baum Group
- Erwin Beck (1911–1988), SPD-RK
- Artur Becker (1905–1938), KPD
- Arno Behrisch (1913–1989), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
, ITF - Alfons Beil (1896–1997), Catholic church
- Hans Beimler (Communist)Hans Beimler (Communist)Hans Beimler was an active member of the German Communist Party and a deputy in the Reichstag.Beimler was born in Munich and served in the Kaiserliche Marine during the First World War...
(1895–1936), KPD - Walter Beling (1899–1988), RésistanceResistance- Physics :* Electrical resistance, a measure of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it* Friction, the force that opposes motion** Drag , fluid or gas forces opposing motion and flow...
- Georg Benjamin (1895–1942), KPD
- Hans BergerHans BergerHans Berger was born in Neuses near Coburg, Bavaria, Germany. He is best known as the first to record human electroencephalograms in 1924, for which he invented the electroencephalogram , and the discoverer of the alpha wave rhythm known as "Berger's wave".- Biography :After attending...
(1916–1943), IKD - Hilde Berger (b. 1914), IKD, secretary of Oskar SchindlerOskar SchindlerOskar Schindler was an ethnic German industrialist born in Moravia. He is credited with saving over 1,100 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories, which were located in what is now Poland and the Czech Republic respectively.He is the subject of the...
- Josef Bergmann (1913–2005) KPOCommunist Party OppositionThe Communist Party of Germany was a communist opposition organisation established at the end of 1928 and maintaining its existence until 1939 or 1940...
- Georg Berthelé (1877–1949), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Gustav Bermel (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Wilhelm Beuttel (1900–1944), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Karl Biedermann (resistance fighter) (1890–1945), WehrmachtWehrmachtThe Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
, Operation Radetzky - Dagobert BiermannDagobert BiermannDagobert Biermann was a Communist and German resistance fighter against National Socialism. His son is German singer and former East German dissident Wolf Biermann.- Background :...
(1904–1943), KPD - Charlotte BischoffCharlotte BischoffCharlotte Bischoff, née Charlotte Wielepp, was a German Communist and Resistance fighter against National Socialism.- Biography :...
(1901–1994), KPD, Red Orchestra - Peter Blachstein (1911–1977), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
, SJVD, Neuer Weg Group - Conrad Blenkle (1901–1943), KPD
- Willi Bleicher (1907–1981), KPD, unionist
- Werner Blumenberg (1900–1965), Socialist Front
- Franz Bobzien (1906–1941), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
, SJVD - Herbert Bochow (1906–1942), KPD
- Hermann BöseHermann BöseHermann Böse was a music teacher at the Hermann-Böse-Gymnasium, which was named after him. He was also conductor of the ultra left "Workers - Singing Union in Bremen"....
(1870–1943), Communist resistance - Walter Bohne (1903–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945...
- Wilhelm Boller (1904–1943), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Eugen BolzEugen BolzEugen Anton Bolz was a German politician and a member of the resistance to the Nazi régime.- Life :Born in Rottenburg am Neckar, Eugen Bolz was his parents' twelfth child. His father, Joseph Bolz, was a salesman. His mother was Maria Theresia Bolz . Bolz studied law in Tübingen and there became a...
(1881–1945), Zentrumspartei - Dietrich BonhoefferDietrich BonhoefferDietrich Bonhoeffer was a German Lutheran pastor, theologian and martyr. He was a participant in the German resistance movement against Nazism and a founding member of the Confessing Church. He was involved in plans by members of the Abwehr to assassinate Adolf Hitler...
(1906–1945), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Klaus BonhoefferKlaus BonhoefferKlaus Bonhoeffer was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime who was executed after the July 1944 plot to kill Hitler....
(1901–1945), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Jakob Boulanger (1897–1968), KPD
- Willy BrandtWilly BrandtWilly Brandt, born Herbert Ernst Karl Frahm , was a German politician, Mayor of West Berlin 1957–1966, Chancellor of West Germany 1969–1974, and leader of the Social Democratic Party of Germany 1964–1987....
(1913–1992), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the... - Max Braun (1892–1945) SPD, Saarkämpferbund
- Otto Brass (1875–1950), Deutsche Volksfront
- Willi BredelWilli BredelWilli Bredel was a German writer and president of the Akademie der Künste. Born in Hamburg, he was a pioneer of socialist realist literature....
(1901–1964), KPD - Rudolf BreitscheidRudolf BreitscheidRudolf Breitscheid, was a leading member of the Social Democratic Party and a delegate to the Reichstag during the era of the Weimar Republic in Germany....
(1874–1944), SPD - Otto Brenner (1911–1972), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Hein Brettschneider (d. 1944), KPD
- Hermann BrillHermann Brillthumb|Dr. Hermann BrillDr. Hermann Louis Brill was a German doctor of law and a politician .- Biography :...
(1895–1959), Neu BeginnenNeu BeginnenNeu Beginnen was a fringe opposition group on the socialist wing of SPD, which was greatly influenced by the ideas of Lenin. It was formed in 1929. After the Machtübernahme in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Germany should be after the National Socialist movement...
, Deutsche Volksfront, Buchenwald Popular Front CommitteeBuchenwald ResistanceThe Buchenwald Resistance was a resistance group of prisoners at Buchenwald concentration camp. It involved Communists, Social Democrats, and people affiliated with other political parties, unaffiliated people, and Christians. Because Buchenwald prisoners came from a number of countries, the... - Karl Bröger (1886–1944), SPD
- Paul Bromme (1906–1975), SopadeSopadeSopade was the name of the exile organization of the Social Democratic Party of Germany . It operated in Prague from 1933 to 1938, from 1938 to 1940 in Paris and until 1945 in London....
, RSD - Arnolt BronnenArnolt BronnenArnolt Bronnen was an Austrian playwright and director.Bronnen's most famous play is the Expressionist drama Parricide ; its première production is notable, among other things, for being that from which Bronnen's friend, the young Bertolt Brecht in an early stage of his directing career, withdrew,...
(1895–1959), Willy Fred - Elisabeth Bruhn (1893–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945...
- Gustav Bruhn (1889–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945...
- Eberhard Brünen (1906–1980), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Karl Brunner (resistance fighter) (1889–1964), HeimwehrHeimwehrThe Heimwehr or sometimes Heimatschutz were a Nationalist, initially paramilitary group operating within Austria during the 1920s and 1930s; they were similar in methods, organisation, and ideology to Germany's Freikorps...
- Adolf Buchholz „Appel“ (1912–1978), KPD
- Klaus Bücking (1908–1980), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Willi Budich (1890–1938), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Franz Xaver Büchs (1889–1940), KPOCommunist Party OppositionThe Communist Party of Germany was a communist opposition organisation established at the end of 1928 and maintaining its existence until 1939 or 1940...
- Klaus Bücking (1908–1980), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Carl Burmester (KPD) (1901–1934) KPD
- Carl Burmester (SPD) (b. 1905) SPD
- Ernst Busch (actor)Ernst Busch (actor)Ernst Busch was a German singer and actor.Busch first rose to prominence as an interpreter of political songs, particularly those of Kurt Tucholsky, in the Berlin Kabarett scene of the 1920s...
(1900–1980), actor, KPD - Wilhelm Busch (clergyman) (1897–1966), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
C
- Walter Caldonazzi (1916–1945), Maier Messner Caldonazzi
- Wilhelm CanarisWilhelm CanarisWilhelm Franz Canaris was a German admiral, head of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944 and member of the German Resistance.- Early life and World War I :...
(1887–1945), - Emil CarlebachEmil CarlebachEmil Carlebach was a Hessian Landtag member, a writer, and a journalist. He was born and died in Frankfurt am Main.-Life:...
(1914–2001), KPD - Walter Caro (1909–1988), KPD
- Rudolf Claus (1893–1935), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Hermann Cornelius (1898–1945), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945...
- Hans Christoffers (d. 1942), KPD
- Heinrich Czerkus (1894–1945), KPD
- Franz Czeminski (1876–1945), SPD
D
- Hermann Danz (1906–1945), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front ....
- Jakob Dautzenberg (1897–1979), KPD
- Alfred DelpAlfred DelpAlfred Delp was a German Jesuit priest who was executed for his resistance to the Nazi régime in Germany.- Early life and education :...
(1907–1945), Catholic church - Ria Deeg (1907–2000), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Anton Dey (1892–1973), SPD
- Max Diamant (1908–1992), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Willi Dickhut (1904–1992), KPD
- Kurt Karl Doberer (1904–1993), SPD
- Hans von DohnanyiHans von DohnanyiHans von Dohnanyi was a German jurist, rescuer of Jews, and German resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.-Early life:...
(1902–1945), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Leo Drabent (1899–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945...
- Fritz Dressel (1896–1933), KPD
- Joseph E. Drexel (1896–1976), Ernst NiekischErnst NiekischErnst Niekisch was a German politician. Initially associated with mainstream left-wing politics he later became a Prominent exponent of National Bolshevism.-Bavaria:...
resistance movement - Hugo Dworznik (1906–1977) KPD, group with Ernst Schneller in SachsenhausenSachsenhausen concentration campSachsenhausen or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used primarily for political prisoners from 1936 to the end of the Third Reich in May, 1945. After World War II, when Oranienburg was in the Soviet Occupation Zone, the structure was used as an NKVD...
- Klara Dworznik (1910–1991), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945...
E
- Fritz EberhardFritz EberhardFritz Eberhard was a German journalist, anti-fascist and social democrat and fought in the German Resistance against Nazism. He was a member of the Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund...
(1896–1982), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :... - Erwin Eckert (1893–1972), BRSDCovenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyThe Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany is an organization of German Protestants who are working for a socialist society...
, KPD - Ernst Eckstein (politician) (1897–1933), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Hans EhrenbergHans EhrenbergHans Philipp Ehrenberg was a German theologian. One of the co-founders of the Confessing Church, he was forced to emigrate to England because of his Jewish ancestry and his opposition to National Socialism....
(1883–1958), Lutheran theologian, a founder of the Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Willi EichlerWilli EichlerWilli Eichler was a German journalist and politician with the Social Democratic Party of Germany .-Before 1945:Eichler was born in Berlin, the son of a postal worker. He attended Volksschule and then became a clerk...
(1896–1971), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :... - Elvira Eisenschneider (1924–1944), NKFD
- Paul Eisenschneider (1901–1944), KPD
- Arthur Emmerlich (1907–1942), KPD
- August Enderle (1887–1959), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Ernst Enge (1893–1944), KPD
- Georg ElserGeorg ElserJohann Georg Elser was a German opponent of Nazism. He is most remembered for his unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler, but he also wanted to assassinate Hermann Göring and Joseph Goebbels in 1939....
(1903–1945), acted alone - Otto Engert (1895–1945), KPD
- Fritz Erler (1913–1967), Neu BeginnenNeu BeginnenNeu Beginnen was a fringe opposition group on the socialist wing of SPD, which was greatly influenced by the ideas of Lenin. It was formed in 1929. After the Machtübernahme in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Germany should be after the National Socialist movement...
- Anna EssingerAnna EssingerAnna Essinger was a German-Jewish educator. At the age of 20, she went to finish her education in the United States, where she encountered Quakers and was greatly influenced by their attitudes, adopting them for her own...
(1897–1960), Landschulheim Herrlingen - Erika Etter (d. 1945), KJVD
F
- Walter Fabian (1902–1995) Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Marianne Feldhammer (1909–1996), Willy Fred
- Werner Fischer (antifascist) (1913–1945) KPD
- Hermann FischerHermann FischerHermann Fischer was a highly decorated Generalleutnant in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross. The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross was awarded to recognise extreme battlefield bravery or successful military leadership...
(1912–1984), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
and Brümmer Kleine resistance group - Oskar Fischer (painter) (1892–1955) European Union (resistance group)European Union (resistance group)The original European Union was an antifascist resistance group during Germany's Nazi era, which formed around Anneliese and Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann. Other important members were Herbert Richter and Paul Rentsch....
- Herbert Frahm see Willy Brandt
- Egon Franke (politician) (1913–1995), SPD
- David FrankfurterDavid FrankfurterDavid Frankfurter was a Croatian Jew known for assassinating Swiss branch leader of the German NSDAP Wilhelm Gustloff in 1936 in Davos, Switzerland.-Background, family and education:...
(1909–1982), acted alone - Hermann Frieb (1890–1943), Neu BeginnenNeu BeginnenNeu Beginnen was a fringe opposition group on the socialist wing of SPD, which was greatly influenced by the ideas of Lenin. It was formed in 1929. After the Machtübernahme in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Germany should be after the National Socialist movement...
- Georg Fritze (1874–1939), BRSDCovenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyThe Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany is an organization of German Protestants who are working for a socialist society...
- August FroehlichAugust FroehlichAugust Froehlich was a German Roman Catholic priest. In his pastoral activity he opposed National Socialism. He stood up for rights of German Catholics and of Polish forced labourers, martyred in Dachau concentration camp....
(1891–1942), Catholic church - Paul FrölichPaul FrölichPaul Frölich was a journalist and left wing political activist who was a founding member of the Communist Party of Germany and founder of the party's paper, Die Rote Fahne. A Communist Party deputy in the Reichstag on two occasions, Frölich was expelled from the Party in 1928, after which he...
(1884–1953), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the... - Emil Fuchs (1874–1971), BRSDCovenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyThe Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany is an organization of German Protestants who are working for a socialist society...
- Albert Funk (1894–1933), KPD
- Max FürstMax FürstMax Fürst was a German author. He wrote about his boyhood in Königsberg and his friendship with Hans Litten.- Publications :...
(1905–1978), author - Franz Josef Furtwängler (1894–1965), SPD
G
- Johann Gahr (1880–1939), acted alone
- Albrecht GaiswinklerAlbrecht GaiswinklerAlbrecht Gaiswinkler was an Austrian civil servant, social democrat politician and resistance fighter, who, some believe, saved the Mona Lisa from destruction in an Austrian salt mine towards the end of World War II....
(1905–1979), Special Operations ExecutiveSpecial Operations ExecutiveThe Special Operations Executive was a World War II organisation of the United Kingdom. It was officially formed by Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton on 22 July 1940, to conduct guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers and to instruct and aid local...
spy - Clemens August Graf von GalenClemens August Graf von GalenBlessed Clemens August Graf von Galen was a German count, Bishop of Münster, and Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church....
(1878–1946), Catholic church - Willi Gall (1908–1941), KPD
- Jakob Gapp (1897–1943), Catholic church
- Martin GaugerMartin GaugerMartin Gauger was a German jurist and pacifist from Wuppertal, Rhenish Prussia. He was a member of the Kreisau Circle which sought to overthrow the National Socialist regime in Germany during the Second World War....
(1905–1941), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
, Kreisau CircleKreisau CircleThe Kreisau Circle was the name the Nazi Gestapo gave to a group of German dissidents centered on the Kreisau estate of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke. The Kreisauer Kreis is celebrated as one of the instances of German opposition to the Nazi regime... - Lisa Gavric (1907–1974), RésistanceResistance- Physics :* Electrical resistance, a measure of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it* Friction, the force that opposes motion** Drag , fluid or gas forces opposing motion and flow...
- Herta Geffke (1893–1973), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Ludwig Gehm (1905–2002), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :...
, ELAS - Johann Gerdes (1896–1933), KPD
- Kurt GersteinKurt GersteinKurt Gerstein was a German SS officer and member of the Institute for Hygiene of the Waffen-SS. He witnessed mass murders in the Nazi extermination camps Belzec and Treblinka...
(1905–1945), Waffen-SSWaffen-SSThe Waffen-SS was a multi-ethnic and multi-national military force of the Third Reich. It constituted the armed wing of the Schutzstaffel or SS, an organ of the Nazi Party. The Waffen-SS saw action throughout World War II and grew from three regiments to over 38 divisions, and served alongside...
, Gerstein ReportGerstein ReportThe Gerstein Report was written by Kurt Gerstein, an Obersturmführer of the Waffen-SS in 1945 who rose to become the Head of Technical Disinfection Services of the SS. In that capacity he witnessed in August 1942 the gassing of some 3,000 Jews in the extermination camp of Belzec...
author - Eugen GerstenmaierEugen GerstenmaierEugen Karl Albrecht Gerstenmaier was a German Evangelical theologian, resistance fighter in the Third Reich, and a CDU politician...
(1906–1986), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Johann Geusendam (1866–1945), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Etty Gingold (1916–2001), KPD
- Peter GingoldPeter GingoldPeter Gingold was a figure in the German Resistance and the National Committee for a Free Germany. He was born in a Jewish family in Aschaffenburg, Bavaria. He was a member of the Communist Party of Germany and its successor the German Communist Party...
(1916–2006), KPD - Karl Gitzoller (1905–2002), Willy-Fred
- Helene Glatzer (1902–1935), KPD
- Gerhard Gleißberg (1905–1973), SPD
- Paul Gmeiner (1892–1944), KPD
- Erich Gniffke (1895–1964) SPD
- Joseph Götz (1895–1933), KPD
- Rudi Goguel (1908–1976), KPD
- Kurt Julius GoldsteinKurt Julius GoldsteinKurt Julius Goldstein was a German journalist and a former broadcast director.- Biography :Goldstein was born to a Jewish merchant family in Dortmund, Germany. At school, he experienced Germany's growing anti-Semitism and it had the effect of politicising him...
(1914–2007) KPD - Albert GöringAlbert GöringAlbert Günther Göring was a German businessman, notable for helping Jews and dissidents survive in Germany in World War II. His older brother, Hermann Göring, held the rank of Reichsmarschall of Nazi Germany and was convicted as a war criminal.-Early life:Albert Göring was born on the 9th of March...
(1895-1966) businessman and younger brother of Nazi-leader HermannHermann GöringHermann Wilhelm Göring, was a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. He was a veteran of World War I as an ace fighter pilot, and a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite, also known as "The Blue Max"... - Bernhard Göring (1897–1949), AfA-Bund, Neu BeginnenNeu BeginnenNeu Beginnen was a fringe opposition group on the socialist wing of SPD, which was greatly influenced by the ideas of Lenin. It was formed in 1929. After the Machtübernahme in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Germany should be after the National Socialist movement...
, Covenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyCovenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyThe Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany is an organization of German Protestants who are working for a socialist society... - Herta Gotthelf (1902–1963), SPD
- Hugo Gräf (1892–1958), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Willi GrafWilli GrafWilli Graf was a member of the White Rose resistance group in Nazi Germany....
(1918–1943), White RoseWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor... - Josef Grafl (1921–2008), Special Operations ExecutiveSpecial Operations ExecutiveThe Special Operations Executive was a World War II organisation of the United Kingdom. It was officially formed by Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Minister of Economic Warfare Hugh Dalton on 22 July 1940, to conduct guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers and to instruct and aid local...
spy - Kurt Gregor (1907–1990), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Karl Grönsfelder (1882–1964), KPD
- Maria Grollmuß (1896–1944), SPD
- Anneliese GroscurthAnneliese GroscurthDr. Anneliese Groscurth was the wife of Georg Groscurth and a member of the European Union, an antifascist German resistance group in Berlin, during the Nazi era...
(1910–1996), European Union (resistance group)European Union (resistance group)The original European Union was an antifascist resistance group during Germany's Nazi era, which formed around Anneliese and Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann. Other important members were Herbert Richter and Paul Rentsch.... - Georg GroscurthGeorg GroscurthGeorg Groscurth , was a German doctor and Nazi resistance fighter in the time of the Third Reich.-Life:Georg Groscurth was born a farmer's son in the village of Unterhaun in the Province of Hesse-Nassau, now part of Hauneck in the Bundesland of Hesse...
(1904–1944), European Union (resistance group)European Union (resistance group)The original European Union was an antifascist resistance group during Germany's Nazi era, which formed around Anneliese and Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann. Other important members were Herbert Richter and Paul Rentsch.... - Rudolf Grosse (1905–1942), KPD
- Otto GrotewohlOtto GrotewohlOtto Grotewohl was a German politician and prime minister of the German Democratic Republic from 1949 until his death. According to Roth , "He was a figurehead who led various economic commissions, lobbied the Soviets for increased aid, and conducted foreign policy tours in the attempt to break...
(1894–1964), SPD - Karl Gruber (1909–1995), "Rosengarten"/O5
- Kurt Gruber (Nazi resister) (1913–1945), KPD, London "Free Germans" of the OSS (precursor to the CIA)
- Hanno Günther (1921–1942), Rote Pfadfinder
- Gustav Gundelach (1888–1962), KPD
- Rudolf Gyptner (1925–1944), KPD
H
- Auguste Haase (1899–1945), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front ....
- Georg Häfner (1900–1942), Catholic church
- Kurt Hälker (1922-1910), RésistanceResistance- Physics :* Electrical resistance, a measure of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it* Friction, the force that opposes motion** Drag , fluid or gas forces opposing motion and flow...
- Otto Halle (1903–1987), KPD
- Werner Hansen (1905–1972), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :...
- Rudolf Harlaß (1892–1944), KPD
- Elli HatschekElli HatschekElli Hatschek was a member of the German Resistance against Nazism. She was married to Paul Hatschek, a leading member of the resistance group, the European Union and who was arrested by the Gestapo in 1943. Under heavy interrogation, he gave up the names of others in his group, who were then...
(1901–1944) European Union (resistance group)European Union (resistance group)The original European Union was an antifascist resistance group during Germany's Nazi era, which formed around Anneliese and Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann. Other important members were Herbert Richter and Paul Rentsch.... - Paul HatschekPaul HatschekPaul Hatschek was a Czech engineer of optical and film technology and a member of the German Resistance against Nazism during the Third Reich. He was involved with Robert Uhrig and then became a leading member of the resistance group, the European Union. According to Robert Havemann, Hatschek was...
(1888–1944) European Union (resistance group)European Union (resistance group)The original European Union was an antifascist resistance group during Germany's Nazi era, which formed around Anneliese and Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann. Other important members were Herbert Richter and Paul Rentsch.... - Theodor HaubachTheodor HaubachTheodor Haubach was a German journalist, SPD politician, and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime....
(1896–1945), SPD - Hans Hauschulz (1912–1951), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Erich Hausen (1900–1973), KPO
- Ernst Hegewisch (1881–1952), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Georg D. Heidingsfelder (1899–1967), Catholic church
- Rudolf-Ernst Heiland (1910–1965), IKD
- Ernst HeilmannErnst HeilmannErnst Heilmann was a German jurist and politician for the Social Democratic Party of Germany.Born in Berlin, then Prussia, Heilmann attended the University of Berlin, majoring in law and political science. During World War I, he was a proponent of the Burgfrieden. Heilman gained a seat in the...
(1881–1940), SPD - Karl Heinrich (SPD) (1890–1946), SPD, ReichsbannerReichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-GoldThe Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold was a Social Democratic paramilitary force formed during the Weimar Republic in 1924....
- Willi Heinze (1910–1944), KPD, Robert Uhrig GroupRobert UhrigRobert Uhrig was a German communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism.- Background :Born in Leipzig, the son of a metalworker, Uhrig grew up to become a journeyman toolmaker. He joined the Communist Party of Germany in 1920 and took several courses at the Marxist Workers' School...
- Bernhard Heinzmann (1903–1942), Catholic church
- Walter Held (1910–1942), IKD
- Georg Henke (1908–1986), KPD
- Albert HenselAlbert HenselAlbert Hensel . He along with numerous other German resistance fighters were executed by the Nazis. Hensel was a member of the Communist Party of Germany. He was born in Dresden where he and fellow communist members began their work against the Nazi regime...
(1895–1942), KPD - Liselotte HerrmannLiselotte HerrmannLiselotte Herrmann was a German Communist resistance fighter during the Third Reich.- Early years :...
(1906–1938), KPD - Theo Hespers (1903–1943)
- Karl Hetz (b. 1906), National Committee for a Free GermanyNational Committee for a Free GermanyThe National Committee for a Free Germany was a German anti-Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II.- History :...
- Friedrich HielscherFriedrich HielscherFriedrich Hielscher was a German intellectual involved in the Conservative Revolutionary movement during the Weimar Republic and in the German resistance during the Nazi era....
(1902–1990), Konservative Revolution - Rainer HildebrandtRainer HildebrandtRainer Hildebrandt was a German anti-communist resistance fighter, historian and founder of the legendary Checkpoint Charlie Museum. He was involved in the resistance to the communist regime of the Soviet occupation zone since the 1940s, as a member of the Kampfgruppe gegen Unmenschlichkeit...
(1914–2004), Haushofer-Kreis - Else Himmelheber (1905–1944), resistance group in Schlotterbeck aus Luginsland
- Oskar Hippe (1900–1990), Trotzkyist
- Else HirschElse HirschElse Hirsch was a Jewish teacher in Bochum, Germany and a member of the German Resistance against the Third Reich. She organized transports of Jewish children to the Netherlands and England, saving them from Nazi deportation to concentration camps and death...
(1889-1942 or 1943), schoolteacher, organized 10 children's transportsKindertransportKindertransport is the name given to the rescue mission that took place nine months prior to the outbreak of the Second World War. The United Kingdom took in nearly 10,000 predominantly Jewish children from Nazi Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland and the Free City of Danzig...
out of Germany - Michael Hirschberg (1889–1937), SPD
- Walter Hochmuth (1904–1979), KPD
- Clemens Högg (1880–1945), SPD
- Josef Höhn (1902–1945), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front ....
- Arthur Hoffmann (1900–1945), KPD, National Committee for a Free GermanyNational Committee for a Free GermanyThe National Committee for a Free Germany was a German anti-Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II.- History :...
- Erich HoneckerErich HoneckerErich Honecker was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic as General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party from 1971 until 1989, serving as Head of State as well from Willi Stoph's relinquishment of that post in 1976....
(1912–1994), KPD - Hans Hornberger (d. 1944), KPD
- Kurt HuberKurt HuberKurt Huber was a member of the White Rose group, which carried out resistance against Nazi Germany.-Early life:...
(1893–1943), White RoseWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor... - Rupert Huber (1896–1945), Antinazistische Deutsche Volksfront
- Helmuth HübenerHelmuth HübenerHelmuth Guddat Kunkel Hübener was the youngest opponent of the Third Reich to be sentenced to death by the Volksgerichtshof and executed.-Life:...
(1925–1942), Hamburg Vierergruppe (German Resistance)Vierergruppe (German Resistance)A Vierergruppe was a small German resistance group that fought the National Socialists. There were three "groups of four" working simultaneously and independently of each other in Hamburg, Munich and Vienna.... - Walter Huder (1921–2002)
- Alois HundhammerAlois HundhammerAlois Hundhammer was one of the most prominent politicians in Bavaria following World War II-Early life:...
(1900–1974), at the time, the youngest member of the Bavarian LandtagLandtagA Landtag is a representative assembly or parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority.- Name :... - Peter Hüppeler (1913–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
I
- Friedrich Illies (1896–1962), Stahlhelm, leader of a conservative resistance group in Grafschaft Bentheim
- Hans Ils (1906–1988), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Max Ingberg (1904–1983), SPD, party chairman of SopadeSopadeSopade was the name of the exile organization of the Social Democratic Party of Germany . It operated in Prague from 1933 to 1938, from 1938 to 1940 in Paris and until 1945 in London....
, BelgiumBelgiumBelgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
J
- Franz JacobFranz Jacob (Resistance fighter)Franz Jacob was a German Resistance fighter against the National Socialists and a Communist politician.- Early years :...
(1906–1944), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945...
, Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front .... - Katharina JacobKatharina JacobKatharina Jacob was a teacher and member of the German Resistance movement against National Socialism. She was married to Franz Jacob, a German Resistance fighter who was executed by the Nazis.- Biographical details :...
(1907–1989), KPD, Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945... - Matthias Jacobs (1885–1935), elected legislator from Prussia SPD
- Rudolf Jacobs (1914–1944), (in ItalyItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, known as "Ugo Muccini") - Hildegard Jadamowitz (1916–1942), KPD, Herbert Baum Group
- Franz JägerstätterFranz JägerstätterBlessed Franz Jägerstätter, O.F.S., was an Austrian conscientious objector during World War II. Jägerstätter was sentenced to death and executed...
(1907–1943), acted alone, Catholic church - Frieda (Friedel) and Rudolf Jahn (d. 1951), Covenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyCovenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyThe Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany is an organization of German Protestants who are working for a socialist society...
- Hans Jahn (1885–1960), International Transport Workers' FederationInternational Transport Workers' FederationThe International Transport Workers' Federation is a global union federation of transport workers' trade unions, founded in 1896. In 2009 the ITF had 654 member organizations in 148 countries, representing a combined membership of 4.5 million workers....
- Julius von Jan (1897–1964), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
- Hans JendretzkyHans JendretzkyHans Jendretzky was a German communist politician. He was a prominent politician of the Socialist Unity Party in the German Democratic Republic ....
(1897–1992), KPD - Marianne Joachim (1921–1943), Herbert Baum Group
- Anton Joos (1900–1999), KPD
- Alfred Jung (1908–1944), KPD
- Franz Jung (1888–1963), KAPD and Rote Kämpfer
- Karl Jungbluth (1903–1945), KPD
- Georg Jungclas (1902–1975), IKD
K
- Otto Kahn-FreundOtto Kahn-FreundSir Otto Kahn-Freund was professor of comparative law, University of Oxford, and a path breaking scholar in labour law.-Biography:...
(1900–1979) Jurist - Jakob KaiserJakob KaiserJakob Kaiser was a German politician and resistance leader during World War II.Jakob Kaiser was born in the Franconian town of Hammelburg. Following in his father’s footsteps, Kaiser began a career as a bookbinder...
(1888–1961) Zentrumspartei - Hellmut Kalbitzer (1913–2006), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :...
- Heinz KapelleHeinz KapelleHeinz Kapelle was a leader of the Communist Youth League of Germany in Berlin in the 1930s....
(1913–1941), KPD - Josef Kappius (1907–1967), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :...
and Independent Socialist Union - Friedrich KellnerFriedrich KellnerAugust Friedrich Kellner was a mid-level official in Germany who worked as a justice inspector in Mainz and Laubach. During the First World War, Kellner was an infantryman in a Hessian regiment...
(1885–1970), SPD - Kilian Kirchhoff (1892–1944), Catholic church
- Johanna KirchnerJohanna KirchnerJohanna "Hanna" Kirchner was a German opponent of the Nazi régime.Johanna Stunz came from a social-democratic family from Frankfurt, Hesse-Nassau. Her grandfather was one of Frankfurt's first social-democratic aldermen...
(1884–1944), SPD, Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :... - Ernst KirchwegerErnst KirchwegerErnst Kirchweger was the first person to die as a result of political conflict in Austria's Second Republic....
(1898–1965), KPÖKPOMeanings of KPO:* Knowledge process outsourcing.* KPÖ , Communist Party of Austria.* Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands , Communist Party Opposition.... - Erich KlausenerErich KlausenerErich Klausener was a German Catholic politician who was murdered in the Night of the Long Knives as the Nazis purged their opponents.- Biography :...
(1885–1934), Zentrumspartei, Catholic church - Reinhold Kleinlein (1883–1944), KPD
- Walter KlingenbeckWalter KlingenbeckWalter Klingenbeck was a German resistance fighter in the time of the Third Reich....
(1924–1943), Munich Vierergruppe (German Resistance)Vierergruppe (German Resistance)A Vierergruppe was a small German resistance group that fought the National Socialists. There were three "groups of four" working simultaneously and independently of each other in Hamburg, Munich and Vienna.... - Heinrich Kloppers (1891–1944), Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-GoldReichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-GoldThe Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold was a Social Democratic paramilitary force formed during the Weimar Republic in 1924....
and Protestant teenagers' group - Rudolf Klug (d. 1944), KPD
- Wilhelm Knöchel (1899–1944), KPD
- Waldemar von Knoeringen (1906–1971), SPD, Neu BeginnenNeu BeginnenNeu Beginnen was a fringe opposition group on the socialist wing of SPD, which was greatly influenced by the ideas of Lenin. It was formed in 1929. After the Machtübernahme in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Germany should be after the National Socialist movement...
- Ferdinand Kobitzki (1893–1944), KPD
- Gertrud Koch (b. 1924), Edelweißpiraten
- Hans KochHans KochHans Koch was a German lawyer, a member of the Confessional Church and a member of the German resistance against Nazism.- Biography :...
(1893–1945), Jurist, Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Ludwig Koch (Nazi resister) (1909–2002), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :...
- Bernard Koenen (1889–1964), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
and National Committee for a Free GermanyNational Committee for a Free GermanyThe National Committee for a Free Germany was a German anti-Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II.- History :... - Otto Kohlhofer (1915–1988), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Olga Körner (1887–1969), KPD
- Fritz KolbeFritz KolbeFritz Kolbe was a German diplomat who became America's most important spy against the Nazis in World War II.-Career:Fritz Kolbe was born in Berlin...
(1900–1971), acted alone - Otto Korfes (1889–1964), National Committee for a Free GermanyNational Committee for a Free GermanyThe National Committee for a Free Germany was a German anti-Nazi organization that operated in the Soviet Union during World War II.- History :...
- Werner Kowalski (1901–1943), KPD
- Walter Kramer (1892–1941), KPD
- Heinrich Kratina (1906–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Wilhelm Kratz (1902–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Gerhard Krause (Pastor) (1887–1950)
- Johann Krausen (1887–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Willi KreikemeyerWilli KreikemeyerWilli Kreikemeyer was a German labourer and a Communist. From 1941 he and his wife Marthe Kreikemeyer were close assistants of Noel Field who supported German anti-Nazi refugees in France and Switzerland....
(1894–1950), KPD - Felix Kreissler (1917–2004), RésistanceResistance- Physics :* Electrical resistance, a measure of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it* Friction, the force that opposes motion** Drag , fluid or gas forces opposing motion and flow...
- Lothar KreyssigLothar KreyssigLothar Kreyssig was a German judge during the Nazi era. He was the only German judge who attempted to stop the Action T4 euthanasia program, an intervention that cost him his job. After the Second World War, he was again offered a judgeship, but declined...
(1898–1986) Jurist (only judge to intervene in Aktion T4 euthanasia operation), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Otto Kropp (1907–1937), KPD
- Maria Krüger (1907–1987), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Alfred KubelAlfred KubelAlfred Kubel was a German politician; in his later career, he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany.In 1928, after attending Middle School, Kubel became an industrial clerk...
(1909–1999) ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :... - Heinz KühnHeinz KühnHeinz Kühn was a German politician and Minister-President of North Rhine-Westphalia . He was born in Cologne.- External links :*...
(1912–1992), SPD - Otto KühneOtto KühneOtto Kühne was a German communist militant, who led a maquis group of German antifascist fighters in the French region of Lozère in 1943 and 1944 during World War II....
(1893–1955), KPD und RésistanceResistance- Physics :* Electrical resistance, a measure of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it* Friction, the force that opposes motion** Drag , fluid or gas forces opposing motion and flow... - Karl Kunger (1901–1943) KPD
- Franz Künstler (1888–1942), SPD
- Erich Kürschner (1889–1966), Neu BeginnenNeu BeginnenNeu Beginnen was a fringe opposition group on the socialist wing of SPD, which was greatly influenced by the ideas of Lenin. It was formed in 1929. After the Machtübernahme in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Germany should be after the National Socialist movement...
, Covenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyCovenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyThe Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany is an organization of German Protestants who are working for a socialist society... - Albert Kuntz (1896–1945), KPD
- Erich Kurz (1895–1944), KPD
- Erich Kuttner (1887–1942), RSD
L
- Max LackmannMax LackmannMax Lackmann was a German Lutheran ecumenist.Lackmann studied theology at Bonn and Basel as a pupil of Karl Barth. He wrote against Nazi ideology, and he had to move from Germany to Basel. When he returned to Germany, he was ordained in 1940 and became pastor in Confessing Church...
(1910–2000), Evangelical Church in GermanyEvangelical Church in GermanyThe Evangelical Church in Germany is a federation of 22 Lutheran, Unified and Reformed Protestant regional church bodies in Germany. The EKD is not a church in a theological understanding because of the denominational differences. However, the member churches share full pulpit and altar... - Karl Ladé (1909–1944) KPD
- Erwin von LahousenErwin von LahousenGeneralmajor Erwin von Lahousen was a high-ranking Abwehr official during World War II, as well as a member of the German Resistance and a key player in attempts to assassinate Adolf Hitler on March 13, 1943 and July 20, 1944.- Background :...
-Vivremont (1897–1955) military resistance - Josef Landgraf (b. 1924), Vienna Vierergruppe (German Resistance)Vierergruppe (German Resistance)A Vierergruppe was a small German resistance group that fought the National Socialists. There were three "groups of four" working simultaneously and independently of each other in Hamburg, Munich and Vienna....
- Josef Lang (1902–1973), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Fritz LangeFritz LangeFritz Lange was a Minister for national education in the German Democratic Republic .- Biography :...
(1898–1981), Independent Social Democratic Party of GermanyIndependent Social Democratic Party of GermanyThe Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany was a short-lived political party in Germany during the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic. The organization was established in 1917 as the result of a split of left wing members of the Social Democratic Party of Germany...
, KPD, RotfrontkämpferbundRotfrontkämpferbundRotfrontkämpferbund was a paramilitary organization of the Communist Party of Germany created on 18 July 1924 during the Weimar Republic. Its first leader was Ernst Thälmann... - Käthe Latzke (d. 1945), KPD
- Julius LeberJulius LeberJulius Leber was a German politician of the SPD and a member of the German Resistance against the Nazi régime.-Early life:...
(1891–1945), SPD - Heinz Leidersdorf (1906–1943), IKD
- Hans Leipert (d. 1945), White RoseWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor...
- Hans Lehnert (1899–1942), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :...
- Josef LenzelJosef LenzelJosef Lenzel was a German Roman Catholic priest active in resistance movement against the National Socialism, who died in the Dachau concentration camp where he had been sent as a result of his work with Polish forced labourers....
(1890–1942), Catholic church - Theodor LessingTheodor LessingTheodor Lessing was a German Jewish philosopher.He is known for opposing the rise of Hindenburg as president of the Weimar Republic and for his classic on Jewish self-hatred , a book which he wrote in 1930, three years before Hitler came to power, in which he tried to explain the phenomenon of...
(1872–1933), acted alone - Bruno Max Leuschner (1910–1965), KPD
- Wilhelm LeuschnerWilhelm LeuschnerWilhelm Leuschner was a social-democratic politician who opposed the Third Reich....
(1890–1944), SPD - Bernhard LichtenbergBernhard LichtenbergBlessed Bernhard Lichtenberg was a German Roman Catholic priest and theologian, awarded the title righteous among the Nations....
(1875–1943), Catholic church - Simone Arnold Liebster (1930), Jehovah's Witness
- Franz-Maria Liedig (1900–1967)
- Hertha Lindner (1920–1943), KJVD
- Ludwig Linsert (1907–1981), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :...
- Eva Lippold (1909–1994), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
and Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front .... - Hans LittenHans LittenHans Achim Litten was a German lawyer who represented opponents of the Nazis at important political trials between 1929 and 1932, defending the rights of workers during the Weimar Republic. During one trial in 1931, Litten subpoenaed Adolf Hitler, to appear as a witness, where Litten then...
(1903–1938) - Paul LöbePaul LöbePaul Löbe was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .-Life and career:...
(1875–1967), SPD - Ferdinand Löwenberg (1924–2004)
- Martin Löwenberg (1925)
- Walter Loewenheim (1896–1977), Neu BeginnenNeu BeginnenNeu Beginnen was a fringe opposition group on the socialist wing of SPD, which was greatly influenced by the ideas of Lenin. It was formed in 1929. After the Machtübernahme in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Germany should be after the National Socialist movement...
- Roland Lorent (1920–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Ludwig Philipp Lude (1895–1961), SPD
- Erna Lugebiel (1898–1984)
- Rudolf Lunau (1906–1943 missing), KPD
M
- Johann MaierJohann MaierJohann Maier was from 1939 until his death a preacher at Regensburg Cathedral....
(1906–1945) preacher, Regensburger Dom - Heinrich MaierHeinrich MaierHeinrich Maier, DDr., born February 16, 1908 in Großweikersdorf, was executed on March 22, 1945 as the last victim of Hitler's régime in Vienna.He was a Roman Catholic priest, pedagogue, philosopher and a member of the Austrian resistance.-Family:...
(1908–1945), theologian Maier Messner Caldonazzi - Adolf MaislingerAdolf MaislingerAdolf Maislinger was a member of the German Resistance and was a survivor of Dachau concentration camp.-Early years:Maislinger, known as "Adi", came from a Social Democratic Party household...
(1903–1985), KPD - Maria von MaltzanMaria von MaltzanMaria Helene Françoise Izabel Gräfin von Maltzan, Freiin zu Wartenberg und Penzlin was an aristocratic member of the German Resistance against Adolf Hitler who also saved many Jews.-Biography:...
(1909–1997), Solf Circle - Maria RestitutaMaria RestitutaSister Maria Restituta was a nun and a nurse. Her birthname was Helen Kafka...
(née Helene Kafka) (1894–1943) FranciscanFranciscanMost Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities.... - Hilde MeiselHilde MeiselHilde Meisel was a German socialist and journalist who published articles against the Nazi regime in Germany. While in exile in England, she wrote under the pseudonym Hilda Monte, calling for German resistance to Nazism in magazines, books and in radio broadcasts...
(Hilda Monte) (1914–1945), ISKInternationaler Sozialistischer KampfbundThe Internationaler Sozialistischer Kampfbund was a socialist split-off from the SPD during the Weimar Republic and was active in the German Resistance against Nazism.- History :... - Ernst Melis (1909–2007), KPD, RésistanceResistance- Physics :* Electrical resistance, a measure of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it* Friction, the force that opposes motion** Drag , fluid or gas forces opposing motion and flow...
- August Merges (1870–1945), Kommunistische Räte-Union
- Franz Josef Messner (1896–1945), Maier Messner Caldonazzi
- Max Josef MetzgerMax Josef MetzgerMax Josef Metzger was born in Schopfheim in Baden, Germany.Metzger became a Roman Catholic priest and worked as a military chaplain for the forces of Imperial Germany during World War I. During that war he began to see peace work as an urgent task...
(1887–1944), Catholic church - Herbert MichaelisHerbert MichaelisDr. Herbert Michaelis was a German lawyer and Communist and a member of the German Resistance during the Third Reich.- Biography :...
(1898–1939), lawyer, KPD, Michaelis Group - Carlo Mierendorff (1897–1943), SPD
- Josef Miller (1883–1964), KPD, Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Josef Moll (1903–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Helmuth James Graf von MoltkeHelmuth James Graf von MoltkeHelmuth James Graf von Moltke was a German jurist who, as a draftee in the German Abwehr, acted to subvert German human-rights abuses of people in territories occupied by Germany during World War II and subsequently became a founding member of the Kreisau Circle resistance group, whose members...
(1907–1945), founding member, Kreisau CircleKreisau CircleThe Kreisau Circle was the name the Nazi Gestapo gave to a group of German dissidents centered on the Kreisau estate of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke. The Kreisauer Kreis is celebrated as one of the instances of German opposition to the Nazi regime... - Mentona Moser (1874–1971), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Erich MühsamErich MühsamErich Mühsam was a German-Jewish anarchist essayist, poet and playwright. He emerged at the end of World War I as one of the leading agitators for a federated Bavarian Soviet Republic....
(1878–1934) - Franz Josef Müller (b. 1924), Ulm abiturAbiturAbitur is a designation used in Germany, Finland and Estonia for final exams that pupils take at the end of their secondary education, usually after 12 or 13 years of schooling, see also for Germany Abitur after twelve years.The Zeugnis der Allgemeinen Hochschulreife, often referred to as...
group of the White RoseWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor... - Johann Müller (resistance fighter) (1928–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Josef Müller (CSU politician) (1898–1979), Bavarian People's PartyBavarian People's PartyThe Bavarian People's Party was the Bavarian branch of the Centre Party, which broke off from the rest of the party in 1919 to pursue a more conservative, more Catholic, more Bavarian particularist course...
, Catholic resistance - Oskar MüllerOskar MüllerOskar Müller was the first employment minister in Hesse, Germany after World War II.-Early career:Müller was born in Wohlau in Prussian Silesia as the son of a farmer. He fought in World War I and became an officer. After the war, he joined the Communist Party of Germany...
(1896–1970), KPD - Herbert Mumm von Schwarzenstein (1898–1945), Legation councilor a.G.
N
- Harry NaujoksHarry NaujoksHarry Naujoks was a German anti-fascist and survivor of Sachsenhausen concentration camp.- Biography :...
(1901–1983), KPD - Theodor Neubauer (1890–1945), KPD
- Gertrud Neuhof (1901–1987), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front ....
- Karl Neuhof (1891–1943), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Johanna Niederhellmann, SPD
- Ernst NiekischErnst NiekischErnst Niekisch was a German politician. Initially associated with mainstream left-wing politics he later became a Prominent exponent of National Bolshevism.-Bavaria:...
(1889–1967), publisher of Widerstand, Magazine for national revolutionary Politics - Katja Niederkirchner (1909–1944), KPD
- Martin NiemöllerMartin NiemöllerFriedrich Gustav Emil Martin Niemöller was a German anti-Nazi theologian and Lutheran pastor. He is best known as the author of the poem "First they came…"....
(1892–1984), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Erik Nölting (1892–1953), SPD
- Karl Nord (1912–2003) Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
O
- Aloys Odenthal (1912–2003)
- Max Opitz (1890–1982), KPD
- Rudi Opitz (1908–1939), KPD
- Friedrich Carl Freiherr von Oppenheim (1900–1978), acted alone
- Carl von OssietzkyCarl von OssietzkyCarl von Ossietzky was a German pacifist and the recipient of the 1935 Nobel Peace Prize. He was convicted of high treason and espionage in 1931 after publishing details of Germany's alleged violation of the Treaty of Versailles by rebuilding an air force, the predecessor of the Luftwaffe, and...
(1889–1938) - Hans OsterHans OsterHans Oster was a German Army general, deputy head of the Abwehr under Wilhelm Canaris, and an opponent of Adolf Hitler and Nazism. He was a leading figure of the German resistance from 1938 to 1943.-Early career:...
(1887–1945)
P
- Wilhelm Peetz (1892–1935)
- Resi Pesendorfer (1902–1989) Willy Fred
- Toni Pfülf (1877–1933)
- Emil Phillip (1887–1965), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
- Kurt Piehl (1928–2001), Edelweißpiraten
- Hans Pink (1906–1974), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Menachem Pinkhof (1920–1969), Gruppe Westerweel
- Gertrud Piter (1899–1933), KPD
- Hartmut Plaas (d. 1944), SS-ObersturmbannführerObersturmbannführerObersturmbannführer was a paramilitary Nazi Party rank used by both the SA and the SS. It was created in May 1933 to fill the need for an additional field grade officer rank above Sturmbannführer as the SA expanded. It became an SS rank at the same time...
with contact with Wilhelm CanarisWilhelm CanarisWilhelm Franz Canaris was a German admiral, head of the Abwehr, the German military intelligence service, from 1935 to 1944 and member of the German Resistance.- Early life and World War I :... - Karl PlaggeKarl PlaggeMajor Karl Plagge was a German officer and Nazi Party member who during World War II used his position as a staff officer in the Heer to employ and protect some 1,240 Jews — 500 men, the others women and children, in order to give them a better chance to survive the nearly total annihilation of...
(1897–1957), WehrmachtWehrmachtThe Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
officer, acted alone - Philipp Pless (1906–1973), Communist Party OppositionCommunist Party OppositionThe Communist Party of Germany was a communist opposition organisation established at the end of 1928 and maintaining its existence until 1939 or 1940...
- Sepp Plieseis (1913–1966), KPÖKPOMeanings of KPO:* Knowledge process outsourcing.* KPÖ , Communist Party of Austria.* Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands , Communist Party Opposition....
, Willy Fred - Felix Plewa (d, 1943), KPD
- Harald Poelchau (1903–1972), Onkel Emil Group, Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
, BRSDCovenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyThe Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany is an organization of German Protestants who are working for a socialist society... - Johannes PopitzJohannes PopitzJohannes Popitz was a Prussian finance minister and a member of the German Resistance against Nazi Germany.- Life :...
(1884–1945), - Magnus Poser (1907–1945), KPD
- Folkert Potrykus (1900–1971), KPD
- Bernard Povel (called Ben Povel) (1897–1952), Catholic textile manufacturer, Zentrumspartei
- Olga Benario-Prestes (1908–1942), KPD
- Konrad von PreysingKonrad von PreysingJohann Konrad Maria Augustin Felix Graf von Preysing Lichtenegg-Moos was a German prelate of the Roman Catholic Church...
(1880–1950), Catholic church - Christoph ProbstChristoph ProbstChristoph Hermann Probst was a German student of medicine and a member of the White Rose resistance group.-White Rose:...
(1919–1943), White RoseWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor... - Fritz PröllFritz PröllFritz Pröll was a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.-Life:...
(1915–1944), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :... - Elisabeth Pungs (1896–1945), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
R
- Josef Raab (1899–1971), KPD
- Arthur and Charlotte Rackwitz, Covenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyCovenant of Religious Socialists of GermanyThe Covenant of Religious Socialists of Germany is an organization of German Protestants who are working for a socialist society...
- Siegfried RädelSiegfried RädelSiegfried Rädel was a German politician, a member of the Communist Party of Germany and a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime. -Biography:Rädel was born in Pirna-Copitz, Saxony....
(1893–1943), KPD - Adolf ReichweinAdolf ReichweinAdolf Reichwein was a German educator, economist, and cultural policymaker for the SPD. He was also a resistance fighter in Nazi Germany.-Biography:...
1898–1944, SPD - Karl Reinthaler (1913–2000), SPÖSPO- Technology :SPO: Microsoft SharePoint Online, Microsoft Cloud Computing, Office 365. See Microsoft Online Services-Economics:* Secondary Public Offering, an equity capital market instrument...
- Franz Reinisch (1903–1942), Catholic church
- Oskar Reincke (1907–1944), Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupBästlein-Jacob-Abshagen GroupThe Bästlein-Jacob-Abshagen Group was a German resistance group that developed around the core members Bernhard Bästlein, Franz Jacob and Robert Abshagen. It fought the National Socialist regime from 1940 till the end of the war in 1945...
- Paul Rentsch (1898–1944), European Union (resistance group)European Union (resistance group)The original European Union was an antifascist resistance group during Germany's Nazi era, which formed around Anneliese and Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann. Other important members were Herbert Richter and Paul Rentsch....
- Franz Rheinberger (1927–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Josef Rieck (1911–1970), Catholic church
- Fritz Riedel (1908–1944), Robert Uhrig GroupRobert UhrigRobert Uhrig was a German communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism.- Background :Born in Leipzig, the son of a metalworker, Uhrig grew up to become a journeyman toolmaker. He joined the Communist Party of Germany in 1920 and took several courses at the Marxist Workers' School...
- Jakob Ritter (1886–1951), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Kurt Ritter (1909–1944), Robert Uhrig GroupRobert UhrigRobert Uhrig was a German communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism.- Background :Born in Leipzig, the son of a metalworker, Uhrig grew up to become a journeyman toolmaker. He joined the Communist Party of Germany in 1920 and took several courses at the Marxist Workers' School...
- Hans Robinsohn (1897–1981), DDP Robinsohn-Strassmann Group
- Fritz Rödel (1888–1945), KPD
- Theodor Roller (1915–2008), CVJM
- Beppo RömerBeppo RömerJosef “Beppo” Römer was an Oberland Freikorps leader after the war, later a KPD organizer. He worked against the Third Reich and was executed by the regime.- Biography :...
(1892–1944), KPD - Augustin RöschAugustin RöschAugustin Rösch was a German Jesuit, Provincial, resistance fighter against National Socialism. He had contacts to the circle of conspirators against Adolf Hitler of the July 20, 1944 and contributed to Catholic resistance against the Nazi regime.-Life:Rösch entered the Jesuit order at the age of 18...
(1893–1961), Kreisau CircleKreisau CircleThe Kreisau Circle was the name the Nazi Gestapo gave to a group of German dissidents centered on the Kreisau estate of Helmuth James Graf von Moltke. The Kreisauer Kreis is celebrated as one of the instances of German opposition to the Nazi regime...
, Catholic church - Liesbeth Rose (d. 1945), KJVD
- Joseph C. Rossaint (1902–1991), Catholic church
- Karl Rubner (1901–1988), SPD
- Anton Ruh (1912–1964), KPD
- Hermann Runge (1902–1975), SPD
S
- Anton SaefkowAnton SaefkowAnton Emil Hermann Saefkow was a German Communist and a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.-Early life:...
(1903–1944), Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front .... - Willi Sänger (1894–1944), KPD
- Marie-Louise Sarre (ca. 1904–1997), Solf Circle
- Karl SchapperKarl SchapperKarl Schapper was a German socialist and labour leader. He was one of the pioneers of the labour movement in Germany and an early associate of Wilhelm Weitling and Karl Marx.-Young Germany and Mazzini:...
(1879–1941), CatholicCatholicThe word catholic comes from the Greek phrase , meaning "on the whole," "according to the whole" or "in general", and is a combination of the Greek words meaning "about" and meaning "whole"... - Werner Scharff (1912–1945), Gemeinschaft für Frieden und Aufbau
- John Schehr (1896–1934), KPD
- Johann Schellheimer (1899–1945), KPD
- Heinrich Scheuken (1902–1944), acted alone
- Jack Schiefer (1898–1980), SPD
- Kurt Schill (1911–1944), KPD
- Emilie SchindlerEmilie SchindlerEmilie Schindler was a humanitarian who, with her husband Oskar Schindler, helped to save the lives of 1,200 to 1,700 Jews during World War II...
(1907–2001), acted alone - Oskar SchindlerOskar SchindlerOskar Schindler was an ethnic German industrialist born in Moravia. He is credited with saving over 1,100 Jews during the Holocaust by employing them in his enamelware and ammunitions factories, which were located in what is now Poland and the Czech Republic respectively.He is the subject of the...
(1908–1974), acted alone - Bartholomäus (Barthel) SchinkBarthel SchinkBartholomäus Schink was a member of the Edelweiss Pirates, active in the Ehrenfeld Group in Cologne, which resisted the Nazi regime. He was among the 12 members of that group who were publicly hanged in Cologne by the Gestapo on 10 November 1944...
(1927–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944.... - Otto Josef Schlein (1895–1944), KPD
- Friedrich SchlotterbeckFriedrich SchlotterbeckFriedrich Schlotterbeck was a German author who wrote prose fiction, plays, and radio plays, and was a local leader of the German Resistance during World War II.- Biography :...
(1909–1979), KJD, KPD, Schlotterbeck Group - Walter Schmedemann (1901–1976), SPD
- Anton SchmidAnton SchmidAnton Schmid was a German sergeant who, during World War II in Vilnius, Lithuania, was executed by his superiors for helping 250 Jewish men, women, and children escape from extermination by the Nazi SS during the European Jewish Holocaust...
(1900–1942)), WehrmachtWehrmachtThe Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:... - Richard SchmidRichard SchmidRichard Schmid is an American realist painter and author who received classical training from William H. Mosby at the American Academy of Art in Chicago...
(1899–1986), counsel, Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
(affiliated) - Otto SchmirgalOtto SchmirgalOtto Schmirgal was a German workman, politician, and a resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.Schmirgal was born in Bentschen in the Province of Posen. In the mid-1920s, he was employed at the Berliner Verkehrsgesellschaft...
(1900–1944), KPD - Elisabeth Schmitz (1893–1977), theologian, resistance fighter, Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
- Alexander SchmorellAlexander SchmorellAlexander Schmorell was one of five Munich University students who formed a resistance group known as White Rose which was active against Germany's Nazi regime from June 1942 to February 1943.-Early life:Schmorell's father, a medical doctor, was a German born and raised in Russia...
(1917–1943), White RoseWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor... - Paul SchneiderPaul Schneider (pastor)Paul Schneider was an Evangelical Church of the old-Prussian Union pastor who was the first Protestant minister to be martyred by the Nazis. He was executed at Buchenwald.-Early life:...
(1897–1939), pastor, Evangelical Church in GermanyEvangelical Church in GermanyThe Evangelical Church in Germany is a federation of 22 Lutheran, Unified and Reformed Protestant regional church bodies in Germany. The EKD is not a church in a theological understanding because of the denominational differences. However, the member churches share full pulpit and altar... - Ernst Schneller (1890–1944), KPD
- Erwin Schoettle (1899–1976), SopadeSopadeSopade was the name of the exile organization of the Social Democratic Party of Germany . It operated in Prague from 1933 to 1938, from 1938 to 1940 in Paris and until 1945 in London....
, Neu BeginnenNeu BeginnenNeu Beginnen was a fringe opposition group on the socialist wing of SPD, which was greatly influenced by the ideas of Lenin. It was formed in 1929. After the Machtübernahme in 1933, the members of the small group discussed what the future of Germany should be after the National Socialist movement... - Richarg Schönfeld (d. 1945) KPD
- Carlo Schönhaar (1924–42), RésistanceResistance- Physics :* Electrical resistance, a measure of the degree to which an object opposes an electric current through it* Friction, the force that opposes motion** Drag , fluid or gas forces opposing motion and flow...
- Eugen Schönhaar (1898–1934), KPD
- Gustav Schönherr (1889–1933), KPD
- Hans SchollHans SchollHans Fritz Scholl was a founding member of the White Rose resistance movement in Nazi Germany.-Biography:...
(1918–1943), White RoseWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor... - Sophie SchollSophie SchollSophia Magdalena Scholl was a German student, active within the White Rose non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany. She was convicted of high treason after having been found distributing anti-war leaflets at the University of Munich with her brother Hans...
(1921–1943), White Rose - Ernst Scholz (1913–1986), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Roman Karl Scholz (1912–1944), Catholic church
- Fritz Schreiter (1892–1944), Communist Party OppositionCommunist Party OppositionThe Communist Party of Germany was a communist opposition organisation established at the end of 1928 and maintaining its existence until 1939 or 1940...
- Heinz Schröder (1910–1997), SPD
- Karl SchröderKarl Schröder (KAPD)Karl Schröder was a communist politician and writer.-Life:Karl Schröder was the son of a teacher. He went to Berlin where he studied philosophy, literature, history and art history. He gained his doctorate with a dissertation on art history. He then worked as a private tutor...
(1884–1950), Rote Kämpfer - Jakob Schultheis (1891–1945), Speyer Kameradschaft
- Fiete Schulze (1894–1935), KPD
- Fritz Schulze (1903–1942), KPD
- Eva Schulze-KnabeEva Schulze-KnabeEva Schulze-Knabe was a German painter and graphic artist, as well as a resistance fighter against the Third Reich....
(1907–1976), KPD - Elisabeth SchumacherElisabeth SchumacherElisabeth Schumacher, née Hohenemser, was an artist and resistance fighter in the Third Reich. She belonged to the Red Orchestra resistance group.- Life :...
(1904–1942) Red Orchestra - Kurt Schumacher (sculptor)Kurt Schumacher (sculptor)Kurt Schumacher was a sculptor and Communist member of the German Resistance against National Socialism. He was married to the painter and graphic designer, Elisabeth Schumacher and was in the Red Orchestra.- Biography :...
(1905–1942) Red Orchestra - Georg Schumann (resistance fighter) (1886–1945), KPD
- Margarete Schütte-LihotzkyMargarete Schütte-LihotzkyMargarete Schütte-Lihotzky was the first female Austrian architect and an activist in the Nazi resistance movement. She is mostly remembered today for designing the so-called Frankfurt Kitchen.-Training:...
(1897–2000), KPÖKPOMeanings of KPO:* Knowledge process outsourcing.* KPÖ , Communist Party of Austria.* Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands , Communist Party Opposition.... - Adolf Schütz (1926–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Alexander Schwab (1887–1943), Rote Kämpfer
- Martin Schwantes (1904–1945), KPD, Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationSaefkow-Jacob-Bästlein OrganizationThe Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization was an underground German resistance movement acting during the Second World War, that published the illegal magazine, Die Innere Front ....
- Günther Schwarz (1928–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Rudolf Schwarz (resistance fighter) (1904–1934), KPD
- Werner SeelenbinderWerner SeelenbinderWerner Seelenbinder was a German communist and wrestler.- Early years :Seelenbinder was born in Szczecin, Pomerania, and became a wrestler after training as a joiner. He had connections with the young people's workers' movement from an early age...
(1904–1944), KPD - Willi Seng (1909–1944), KPD functionary
- Robert SiewertRobert SiewertRobert Siewert was a German politician and fought in the German Resistance against National Socialism. He is a survivor of Buchenwald concentration camp, where he helped save the life of Stefan Jerzy Zweig, among others....
(1887–1973), KPO, Buchenwald ResistanceBuchenwald ResistanceThe Buchenwald Resistance was a resistance group of prisoners at Buchenwald concentration camp. It involved Communists, Social Democrats, and people affiliated with other political parties, unaffiliated people, and Christians. Because Buchenwald prisoners came from a number of countries, the... - Georg Singer (1898–1942), KPD
- Konrad Skrentny (1894–1955), KPD
- Hanna Solf (1884–1954), Solf Circle
- Richard SorgeRichard SorgeRichard Sorge was a German communist and spy who worked for the Soviet Union. He has gained great fame among espionage enthusiasts for his intelligence gathering during World War II. He worked as a journalist in both Germany and Japan, where he was imprisoned for spying and eventually hanged....
(1895–1944), KPD spy for the Soviet Union - Ulrich Sporleder (1911–1944) Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
- Karl Stein (resistance fighter) (1902–1942), KPD
- Wilhelm Stein (d. 1944), KPD
- Hans Steinbrück (1921–1944), Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944....
- Werner Steinbrink (1917–1942), Young Communist League of GermanyYoung Communist League of GermanyThe Young Communist League of Germany was a political youth organization in Germany. It was formed in 1920 from the Free Socialist Youth of the Communist Party of Germany, which itself was formed in October 1918, with support from the Spartacus League . The KJVD was created in 1925...
, Herbert Baum Group - Erich Steinfurth (1896–1934), Rote Hilfe
- Franz Stenzer (1900–1933), KPD
- Ernst Strassmann (1897–1958), DDP, Robinsohn-Strassmann Group
- Stefan Szende (1901–1985), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Carl SzokollCarl SzokollCarl Szokoll was an Austrian resistance fighter involved in the July 20 Plot, major in the Wehrmacht, and, after the war, author and film producer.-Early life:...
(1915–2004), WehrmachtWehrmachtThe Wehrmacht – from , to defend and , the might/power) were the unified armed forces of Nazi Germany from 1935 to 1945. It consisted of the Heer , the Kriegsmarine and the Luftwaffe .-Origin and use of the term:...
, Operation Radetzky
T
- Elisabeth von ThaddenElisabeth von ThaddenElisabeth Adelheid Hildegard von Thadden was a German educator who founded a private school that now bears her name, and an outspoken critic of the Nazi régime...
(1890–1944), Solf Circle - Bruno Tesch (antifascist)Bruno Tesch (antifascist)Bruno Guido Camillo Tesch was a German antifascist and member of the Young Communist League of Germany. Aged 20, he was convicted of murder and executed in connection with the Altona Bloody Sunday riot, an SA march on 17 July 1932 that turned violent and led to 18 people being shot and killed...
(1913–1933), KPD - Ernst ThälmannErnst ThälmannErnst Thälmann was the leader of the Communist Party of Germany during much of the Weimar Republic. He was arrested by the Gestapo in 1933 and held in solitary confinement for eleven years, before being shot in Buchenwald on Adolf Hitler's orders in 1944...
(1886–1944), KPD - Fritz TheilenFritz TheilenFritz Theilen, born September 27, 1927, was a German member of the anti-Nazi resistance group the Edelweißpiraten during World War II. Born to working-class parents, he joined the Deutsches Jungvolk division of the Hitler Youth in 1937, and was excluded for resisting orders in 1940. He started an...
, Ehrenfeld GroupEhrenfeld GroupThe Ehrenfeld Group , was an anti-Nazi resistance group, active in the summer and autumn of 1944.... - Matthias Theisen (1885–1933), KPD, SPD
- Paul TillichPaul TillichPaul Johannes Tillich was a German-American theologian and Christian existentialist philosopher. Tillich was one of the most influential Protestant theologians of the 20th century...
(1886–1965), Christian SocialistChristian socialismChristian socialism generally refers to those on the Christian left whose politics are both Christian and socialist and who see these two philosophies as being interrelated. This category can include Liberation theology and the doctrine of the social gospel...
, American Friends of German Freedom, Council for a Democratic GermanyCouncil for a Democratic GermanyThe Council for a Democratic Germany was founded on 3 May 1944 in New York City. Its founding was a reaction to the founding of the National Committee for a Free Germany in Moscow in July 1943. Some of the founding members brought experiences of previous similar organizations with them, such as...
V
- Walter Veigel (1903–1985), member of Buchenwald ResistanceBuchenwald ResistanceThe Buchenwald Resistance was a resistance group of prisoners at Buchenwald concentration camp. It involved Communists, Social Democrats, and people affiliated with other political parties, unaffiliated people, and Christians. Because Buchenwald prisoners came from a number of countries, the...
, KPD - Kurt Vieweg (1913–1995), acted alone
- Franz VogtFranz VogtFranz Vogt was a German trade unionist, Social Democrat and member of the German resistance against the National Socialist regime.- Life :...
(1899–1940), labor unionist, SPD, Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-GoldReichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-GoldThe Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold was a Social Democratic paramilitary force formed during the Weimar Republic in 1924....
W
- Maria Wachter (b. 1910), KPD
- Bebo Wager (1905–1943), SPD
- Karl Wagner (1891–1965), KPD
- Jacob Walcher (1887–1970), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
- Rudolf Wascher (1904–1956), KPD
- Eduard WaldEduard WaldEduard Wald was a Communist politician, trade unionist and member of the German Resistance against Nazism.- Biography :...
(1905–1978), Committee for Proletarian Unity - Orli WaldOrli WaldOrli Wald was a member of the German Resistance in Nazi Germany. She was arrested in 1936 and charged with high treason, whereupon she served four and a half years in a women's prison, followed by "protective custody" in Nazi concentration camps until 1945, when she escaped...
(1914–1962), Young Communist League of GermanyYoung Communist League of GermanyThe Young Communist League of Germany was a political youth organization in Germany. It was formed in 1920 from the Free Socialist Youth of the Communist Party of Germany, which itself was formed in October 1918, with support from the Spartacus League . The KJVD was created in 1925...
, "Angel of Auschwitz" - Maria von Wedemeyer (1924–1977), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:...
- Paul Wegmann (1889–1945), from SPD- and Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
, member of existing resistance group in Zeitz - Herbert WehnerHerbert WehnerHerbert Richard Wehner was a German politician. A former member of the Communist Party, he joined the Social Democrats after World War II...
(1906–1990), KPD - Otto WeidtOtto WeidtOtto Weidt was the owner of a workshop in Berlin for blind and deaf. During the Holocaust, he fought to protect his Jewish workers against deportation and he has been recognised for his work as one of the Righteous Men of the World's Nations...
(1883–1947), anarchist resistance - Franz Weiß (1892–1985), Catholic church
- Arthur Weisbrodt (1909–1944), Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Friedrich WeißlerFriedrich WeißlerFriedrich Weißler was a German lawyer. He belonged to the Christian resistance against National Socialism.- Biography :...
(1891–1937), Confessing ChurchConfessing ChurchThe Confessing Church was a Protestant schismatic church in Nazi Germany that arose in opposition to government-sponsored efforts to nazify the German Protestant church.-Demographics:... - Wilhelm Wester (1889–1960), Lutheran pastor
- Hans WestermannHans WestermannHans Westermann was a German Communist, politician and fighter in the German Resistance against the Third Reich. He died in Nazi custody days after being arrested by the Gestapo.- Biography :...
(1890–1935), Versöhnler, KPD - Alexander Westermayer (1894–1944), European Union (resistance group)European Union (resistance group)The original European Union was an antifascist resistance group during Germany's Nazi era, which formed around Anneliese and Georg Groscurth and Robert Havemann. Other important members were Herbert Richter and Paul Rentsch....
- Max Westphal (1893–1942), SPD
- Ernst Wille (1894–1944), SPD
- Albert WillimskyAlbert WillimskyAlbert Willimsky was a German Roman Catholic priest active in resistance movement against the National Socialism, martyred in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp.- Biography :...
(1890–1940), Catholic church - Jürgen Georg Wittenstein, White RoseWhite RoseThe White Rose was a non-violent/intellectual resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor...
Josef Wirmer
Josef Wirmer
Josef Wirmer was a German jurist and resistance fighter against the Nazi régime.- Life :Born in Paderborn, Josef Wirmer was from a Catholic family of teachers. His father was a Gymnasium headmaster. After his Abitur in Warburg he studied law in Freiburg and Berlin...
(1901–1944), Catholic church,
- Irmgard von Witzleben (1896–1944), artist, acted alone
- Hans Wölfel (1902–1944), Catholic church
- Edith Wolff (1904–1997), Zionist refugee helper in Berlin
- Lore Wolf (1900–1996), KPD, Rote HilfeRote HilfeThe Rote Hilfe was the German affiliate of the International Red Aid. The Rote Hilfe was affiliated with the Communist Party of Germany and existed between 1924 and 1936.- Origin :...
- Rosi Wolfstein (1888–1987), Socialist Workers' Party of GermanySocialist Workers' Party of GermanyThe Socialist Workers' Party of Germany was a political party in Germany. It was formed by a left-wing party with around 20,000 members which split off from the SPD in the autumn of 1931. In 1931 the remnants of USPD merged into the party, and in 1932 some Communist Party dissenters joined the...
Z
- Gerhard Zadek (1919–2005), Hashomer HatzairHashomer HatzairHashomer Hatzair is a Socialist–Zionist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, and was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 British Mandate of Palestine...
, Herbert Baum Group - Hiltgunt ZassenhausHiltgunt ZassenhausHiltgunt Margret Zassenhaus was a German philologist who worked as an interpreter in Hamburg, Germany during World War II, and later as a physician in the United States. She was honoured for her efforts to aid prisoners in Nazi Germany during World War II.-Early life:Hiltgunt Zassenhaus was born...
(1916–2004), wartime translator and interpreter - Johannes Zieger (1910–1981), KPD
- Karl Zimmet (1895–1969) Antinazistische Deutsche Volksfront
- Karl Zink (1910–1940), KPD
- Johannes Zoschke (1910–1944), KPD, Robert Uhrig GroupRobert UhrigRobert Uhrig was a German communist and resistance fighter against National Socialism.- Background :Born in Leipzig, the son of a metalworker, Uhrig grew up to become a journeyman toolmaker. He joined the Communist Party of Germany in 1920 and took several courses at the Marxist Workers' School...
See also
- German ResistanceGerman ResistanceThe German resistance was the opposition by individuals and groups in Germany to Adolf Hitler or the National Socialist regime between 1933 and 1945. Some of these engaged in active plans to remove Adolf Hitler from power and overthrow his regime...
- StolpersteineStolpersteineStolperstein is the German word for "stumbling block", "obstacle", or "something in the way". The artist Gunter Demnig has given this word a new meaning, that of a small, cobblestone-sized memorial for a single victim of Nazism...
- List of members of the 20 July plot
- Resistance during World War IIResistance during World War IIResistance movements during World War II occurred in every occupied country by a variety of means, ranging from non-cooperation, disinformation and propaganda to hiding crashed pilots and even to outright warfare and the recapturing of towns...
- Friedrich OlbrichtFriedrich OlbrichtGeneral Friedrich Olbricht was a German general and one of the plotters involved in the attempt to assassinate Adolf Hitler at the Wolfsschanze in East Prussia on 20 July 1944.-Early life:...
- Kurt NehrlingKurt NehrlingKurt Nehrling was a German Social Democratic politician and member of the German resistance against Hitler. Nehrling was responsible for supplying information to the Soviet Union and was most famously known for hiding banned books...
- Rudolf Christoph Freiherr von GersdorffRudolf Christoph Freiherr von GersdorffRudolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff was a military officer in Germany’s Weimar-period Reichswehr and Nazi-period Wehrmacht. He attempted to assassinate Adolf Hitler by suicide bombing in March 1943; the plan failed but he was undetected. In April 1943 he discovered the mass graves of the...
- Werner DankwortWerner DankwortDr. Carl Werner Dankwort born in Gumbinnen, Germany, was a German diplomat who served a major role in bringing Germany into the League of Nations in 1926 prior to representing the German contingent in the Organization for European Economic Cooperation, the post-World War II effort known as the...
- List of cities by country that have Stolpersteine
- List of Righteous among the Nations by country
External links
- German Resistance Memorial Center Homepage. Retrieved March 15, 2010