List of Irgun attacks during the 1930s

During the 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine against the British Mandate of Palestine the militant

Militant

The word militant, which is both an adjective and a noun, usually is used to mean vigorously active, combative and aggressive, especially in support of a cause, as in 'militant reformers'. It comes from the 15th century Latin "militare" meaning "to serve as a soldier"...

Zionist group the Irgun
Irgun
The Irgun , or Irgun Zevai Leumi to give it its full title , was a Zionist paramilitary group that operated in Mandate Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was an offshoot of the earlier and larger Jewish paramilitary organization haHaganah...

carried out sixty attacks against Arab

Arab

Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...

s and British soldiers. Irgun was described as a terrorist organization byThe New York Times
The New York Times
The New York Times is an American daily newspaper founded and continuously published in New York City since 1851. The New York Times has won 106 Pulitzer Prizes, the most of any news organization...

, the Anglo-American Committee of Enquiry, prominent world figures such as Winston Churchill

Winston Churchill

Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, was a predominantly Conservative British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice...

and Jewish figures such as Hannah Arendt

Hannah Arendt

Hannah Arendt was a German American political theorist. She has often been described as a philosopher, although she refused that label on the grounds that philosophy is concerned with "man in the singular." She described herself instead as a political theorist because her work centers on the fact...

, Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history...

, and many others. The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)

The Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs is one of the most important ministries in the Israeli government. The ministry's role is to implement Israel's foreign policy, and promote economic, cultural, and scientific relations with other countries....

describes it as "an underground organization." The New York Times at the time cited sources in an investigative piece which linked the Haganah

Haganah

Haganah was a Jewish paramilitary organization in what was then the British Mandate of Palestine from 1920 to 1948, which later became the core of the Israel Defense Forces.- Origins :...

paramilitary group to the Irgun terrorist attacks such as the King David Hotel Bombing.

Irgun launched a series of attacks which lasted until the beginning of World War II. All told, Irgun attacks against Arab targets resulted in at least 250 Arab deaths during this period. Following is a list of attacks resulting in death attributed to Irgun that took place during the 1930s. The Irgun conducted at least 60 operations altogether during this period.

List of Irgun attacks 1937-1948

Date	Casualties	References
1937, March	2 Arabs killed on Bat-Yam beach.
1937, November 14	10 Arabs killed by Irgun units launching attacks around Jerusalem, ("Black Sunday")
1938, April 12	2 Arabs and 2 British policemen were killed by a bomb in a train in Haifa Haifa Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country, with a population of over 268,000. Another 300,000 people live in towns directly adjacent to the city including the cities of the Krayot, as well as, Tirat Carmel, Daliyat al-Karmel and Nesher... .
1938, April 17	1 Arab was killed by a bomb detonated in a cafe in Haifa
1938, May 17	1 Arab policeman was killed in an attack on a bus in the Jerusalem-Hebron Hebron Hebron , is located in the southern West Bank, south of Jerusalem. Nestled in the Judean Mountains, it lies 930 meters above sea level. It is the largest city in the West Bank and home to around 165,000 Palestinians, and over 500 Jewish settlers concentrated in and around the old quarter... road.
1938, May 24	3 Arabs were shot and killed in Haifa.
1938, June 23	2 Arabs were killed near Tel-Aviv.
1938, June 26	7 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jaffa.
1938, June 27	1 Arab was killed in the yard of a hospital in Haifa.
1938, June (late)	Unspecified number of Arabs killed by a bomb that was thrown into a crowded Arab market place in Jerusalem.
1938, July 5	7 Arabs were killed in several shooting attacks in Tel-Aviv.
1938, July 5	3 Arabs were killed by a bomb detonated in a bus in Jerusalem.
1938, July 5	1 Arab was killed in another attack in Jerusalem.
1938, July 6	18 Arabs and 5 Jews were killed by two simultaneous bombs in the Arab melon market in Haifa. More than 60 people were wounded.
1938, July 8	4 Arabs were killed by a bomb in Jerusalem.
1938, July 16	10 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jerusalem.
1938, July 25	43 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa.
1938, August 26	24 Arabs were killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Jaffa.
1939, February 27	33 Arabs were killed in multiple attacks, incl. 24 by bomb in Arab market in Suk Quarter of Haifa and 4 by bomb in Arab vegetable market in Jerusalem.
1939, May 29	5 Arabs were killed by a mine detonated at the Rex cinema in Jerusalem.
1939, May 29	5 Arabs were shot and killed during a raid on the village of Biyar 'Adas Biyar 'Adas Biyar 'Adas is a former Palestinian Arab village located 19 km northeast of the city of Tel Aviv-Yafo. In 1945 the village had a population of 300 and a total land area of 5,492 dunums.-History:... .
1939, June 2	5 Arabs were killed by a bomb at the Jaffa Gate in Jerusalem.
1939, June 12	1 British bomb expert trying to defuse the bombs killed, during a post office in Jerusalem was bombing
1939, June 16	6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Jerusalem.
1939, June 19	20 Arabs were killed by explosives mounted on a donkey at a marketplace in Haifa.
1939, June 29	13 Arabs were killed in several shooting attacks around Jaffa during a one-hour period.
1939, June 30	1 Arab was killed at a marketplace in Jerusalem.
1939, June 30	2 Arabs were shot and killed in Lifta Lifta Lifta was an Arab village on the outskirts of Jerusalem. Its population fled during the Arab-Jewish hostilities of 1947/48 and the efforts to relieve the Siege of Jerusalem . The village and spring for which it is named are now a park on the hillside between the western entrance to Jerusalem and... .
1939, July 3	1 Arab was killed by a bomb at a marketplace in Haifa.
1939, July 4	2 Arabs were killed in two attacks in Jerusalem.
1939, July 20	1 Arab was killed at a train station in Jaffa.
1939, July 20	6 Arabs were killed in several attacks in Tel-Aviv.
1939, July 20	3 Arabs were killed in Rehovot Rehovot Rehovot is a city in the Center District of Israel, about south of Tel Aviv. According to the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics , at the end of 2009 the city had a total population of 112,700. Rehovot's official website estimates the population at 114,000.Rehovot was built on the site of Doron,... .
1939, August 27	2 British officers were killed by a mine in Jerusalem.
1944, September 27	Unknown number of casualties, around 150 Irgun members attacked four British police stations
1944, September 29	1 Senior British police officer of the Criminal Intelligence Department assassinated in Jerusalem.
1945, November 1	5 locomotives Night of the Trains The Night of the Trains was a sabotage operation of the British railroads in Palestine on November 1, 1945... destroyed in Lydda Lydda Lydda can refer to:Lod, also named LyddaExodus from Lydda and Ramla, the Palestinian exodus from the city in July 1948... station. Two staff, one soldier and one policeman killed.
1945, December 27	3 British policemen and 4 Basuto soldiers killed during the bombing of British CID Criminal Investigation Department The Crime Investigation Department is the branch of all Territorial police forces within the British Police and many other Commonwealth police forces, to which plain clothes detectives belong. It is thus distinct from the Uniformed Branch and the Special Branch.The Metropolitan Police Service CID,... headquarters in Jerusalem; 1 British soldier killed during attack of British army camp in north Tel Aviv
1946, February 22	Destroyed 14 aeroplanes at 5 RAF stations.
1946, July 22	91 people were killed at King David Hotel Bombing King David Hotel bombing The King David Hotel bombing was an attack carried out by themilitant right-wing Zionist underground organization Irgun on the King David Hotel in Jerusalem on 22 July 1946... mostly civilians, staff of the hotel or Secretariat, 41 Palestinian Arabs, 15-28 British citizens, 17 Palestinian Jews, 2 Armenians, 1 Russian, 1 Greek and 1 Egyptian.
1946, October 30	2 British guards killed during Gunfire and explosion at Jerusalem Railway Station.
1946, October 31	Bombing of the British Embassy in Rome. Nearly half the building was destroyed and 3 people were injured.
1947, January 12	4 killed in bombing of British headquarters.
1947, March 1	17 British officers killed, during raid and explosion.
1947, March 12	1 British soldier killed during the attack on Schneller Camp Schneller Orphanage Schneller Orphanage was a Christian orphanage that operated in Jerusalem from 1860 until World War II. The orphanage grounds, located on Malchei Yisrael Street in central Jerusalem, became a British military base known as Camp Schneller. After 1948, the compound housed offices of the Israel... .
1947, July 19	4 locations within Haifa Haifa Haifa is the largest city in northern Israel, and the third-largest city in the country, with a population of over 268,000. Another 300,000 people live in towns directly adjacent to the city including the cities of the Krayot, as well as, Tirat Carmel, Daliyat al-Karmel and Nesher... are attacked, killing a British constable and injuring 12.
1947, July 29	2 kidnapped British sergeants The Sergeants affair The Sergeants affair was an incident that took place in Mandate Palestine in July 1947 in which the Jewish underground group the Irgun kidnapped two British army Intelligence Corps NCOs, Sergeant Clifford Martin and Sergeant Mervyn Paice, and threatened to kill them if the death sentences passed... hanged.
1947, September 26	4 British policemen killed in Irgun bank robbery Bank robbery Bank robbery is the crime of stealing from a bank during opening hours. According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Uniform Crime Reporting Program, robbery is "the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of... .
1947, September 29	13 killed, 53 wounded in attack on British police station.
1947, December 11	13 killed in attack on Tireh, near Haifa
1947, December 12	20 killed, 5 wounded by barrel bomb at Damascus Gate.
1947, December 13	6 killed, 25 wounded by bombs outside Alhambra Cinema.
1947, December 13	5 killed, 47 wounded by two bombs at Damascus Gate.
1947, December 13	7 killed, 10 seriously injured in attack on Yehudiya.
1947, December 16(ca)	10 killed by bomb at Noga Cinema in Jaffa.
1947, December 29	14 Arabs killed by bomb in Jerusalem.
1947, December 30	6 Arabs killed and, 42 injured by grenades at Haifa refinery, precipitating the Haifa Oil Refinery massacre Haifa Oil Refinery massacre The Haifa Oil Refinery massacre took place on 30 December 1947. After operatives of the Zionist paramilitary organisation, the Irgun, threw a number of grenades at a crowd of 100 Arab day-labourers who had gathered outside the main gate of the then British-owned Haifa Oil Refinery looking for work,... , which lead to the Balad al-Shaykh massacre Balad al-Shaykh massacre Balad al-Shaykh, was an Arab village, now part of the Israeli town of Nesher where a massacre was perpetrated on the night of December 31, 1947, to January 1, 1948... .
1948, January 1	2 Arabs killed and 9 injured by shooting attack on cafe in Jaffa.
1948, January 5	14 Arabs killed and 19 injured by truck bomb outside the 3-storey 'Serrani', Jaffa's built Ottoman Town Hall
1948, January 7	20 Arabs killed by bomb at Jaffa Gate.
1948, February 10	7 Arabs killed near Ras el Ain after selling cows in Tel Aviv
1948, February 18	12 Arabs killed and 43 wounded at a marketplace in Ramla Ramla Ramla , is a city in central Israel. The city is predominantly Jewish with a significant Arab minority. Ramla was founded circa 705–715 AD by the Umayyad Caliph Suleiman ibn Abed al-Malik after the Arab conquest of the region...
1948, March 1	20 Britons killed and 30 wounded in the Bevingrad Officers Club bombing
1948, April 9-April 11	107-120 Palestinians killed and massacred Deir Yassin massacre The Deir Yassin massacre took place on April 9, 1948, when around 120 fighters from the Irgun Zevai Leumi and Lohamei Herut Israel Zionist paramilitary groups attacked Deir Yassin near Jerusalem, a Palestinian-Arab village of roughly 600 people... (the estimate generally accepted by scholars, instead the first announced number of 254) during and after the battle at the village of Deir Yassin Deir Yassin Deir Yassin was a Palestinian Arab village of around 600 people near Jerusalem. It had declared its neutrality during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine between Arabs and Jews... near Jerusalem, by 132 Irgun Irgun The Irgun , or Irgun Zevai Leumi to give it its full title , was a Zionist paramilitary group that operated in Mandate Palestine between 1931 and 1948. It was an offshoot of the earlier and larger Jewish paramilitary organization haHaganah... and 60 Lehi Lehi (group) Lehi , commonly referred to in English as the Stern Group or Stern Gang, was a militant Zionist group founded by Avraham Stern in the British Mandate of Palestine... fighters.
1948, April 6	7 British soldiers, including Commanding Officer, killed during an arms raid on Pardes Hanna Army camp.

External links

Palestine Post Archive
Arie Perliger and Leonard Weinberg, Jewish Self Defense and Terrorist Groups Prior to the Establishment of the State of Israel: Roots and Traditions. Totalitarian Movements & Political Religions, Vol. 4, No. 3 (2003) 91-118. Online version

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List of Irgun attacks 1937-1948

See also

External links