List of Minnesota wild flowers
Encyclopedia
The List of Minnesota wild flowers lists all of the wild flowers
native
to Minnesota
. Common names follow Minnesota DNR conventions. Where several species of plants share part of a common name, they have been grouped together under that name; this is for indexing purposes and does not always indicate a taxonomic relationship.
Wild Flowers
Wild Flowers may refer to:*another spelling of wildflowers, flowers that grow wild, meaning they were not intentionally seeded or planted*Wild Flowers , a 2000 Czech film*Wild Flowers , a 1980s British rock group...
native
Indigenous (ecology)
In biogeography, a species is defined as native to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention. Every natural organism has its own natural range of distribution in which it is regarded as native...
to Minnesota
Minnesota
Minnesota is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.3 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state...
. Common names follow Minnesota DNR conventions. Where several species of plants share part of a common name, they have been grouped together under that name; this is for indexing purposes and does not always indicate a taxonomic relationship.
A
- AlexandersZiziaZizia is a genus of flowering plants named after Johann Baptist Ziz , a German botanist from the Rhineland.. Species within this genus include Z. aurea and Z. aptera As typical of plants in the Apiaceae family, plants in this genus bear flowers on distinct umbels ....
- Golden alexandersZizia aureaZizia aurea is a flowering perennial forb of the carrot family . Golden Alexanders is hardy in USDA zones 4-9...
Zizia aurea - Heart-leaved alexanders Zizia aptera
- Golden alexanders
- AnemoneAnemoneAnemone , is a genus of about 120 species of flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae in the north and south temperate zones...
- Canada anemoneAnemone canadensisAnemone canadensis is a herbaceous perennial native to moist meadows, thickets, streambanks, and lakeshores in North America, spreading rapidly by underground rhizomes, valued for its white flowers.-Description:Shoots with deeply divided and toothed basal leaves grow from caudices on long,...
Anemone canadensis - Cut-leaved anemoneAnemone multifidaAnemone multifida is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family known by the common names cutleaf anemone, Pacific anemone and globe anemone. It is native to northern North America from Alaska to New York and as far south as Arizona and New Mexico. It is also known from parts of South...
Anemone multifida var. multifida - Haller's anemone Anemone halleri
- Wood anemoneAnemone quinquefoliaAnemone quinquefolia is an early-spring flowering plant in the genus Anemone, native to North America. It is commonly called Wood Anemone, like Anemone nemorosa, a closely related European species...
Anemone quinquefolia
- Canada anemone
- Asters
- Aromatic asterAster oblongifoliusAster oblongifolius is a species of Aster native to parts of eastern and central United States. It is found in parts of Kansas,Ohio, northern Illinois, hilly parts of southern Illinois, and on the banks of the Mississippi River and Illinois River, as well as other parts of the central United...
Aster oblongifolius - Awl aster Aster pilosus var. pilosus
- Bog aster Aster borealis
- Crooked aster Aster prenanthoides
- Drummond's aster Aster drummondii
- Eastern panicled aster Aster lanceolatus
- Flat-topped aster Aster pubentior
- Flat-topped aster Aster umbellatus
- Heath aster Aster ericoides
- Heart-leaved aster Aster cordifolius
- Large-leaved aster Aster macrophyllus
- Lindley's aster Aster ciliolatus
- Long aster Aster x longulus
- Modest aster Aster modestus
- New England aster Aster novae-angliae
- New England asterNew England AsterSymphyotrichum novae-angliae , commonly known as the New England Aster, is an herbaceous perennial in the composite family...
and Heath aster hybrid Aster x amethystinus - Ontario aster Aster ontarionis
- Red-stemmed aster Aster firmus
- Red-stemmed aster Aster puniceus
- Short's aster Aster shortii (threatened)
- Sickle-shaped aster Aster falcatus commutatus
- Side-flowering asterAster lateriflorusSymphyotrichum lateriflorum is a plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae, native to eastern North America.-Description:...
Aster lateriflorus - Silky aster Aster sericeus
- Skyblue aster Aster oolentangiensis
- Smooth aster Aster laevis
- Tail-leaved aster Aster sagittifolius
- Veiny lined aster Aster praealtus
- Western panicled aster Aster hesperius
- Aromatic aster
- Autumn sneezeweedHelenium autumnaleHelenium autumnale is a flowering plant native to North America. Common names include common sneezeweed and large-flowered sneezeweed.-Natural habitat and distribution:...
Helenium autumnale
B
- Baneberry
- Red baneberry Actaea rubra
- White baneberryActaea pachypodaActaea pachypoda is a flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae, native to eastern North America....
Actaea pachypoda
- Beard-tongues
- Large-flowered beard tonguePenstemon grandiflorusPenstemon grandiflorus is a perennial plant of the genus Penstemon. Common names include large beardtongue.-External links:**...
Penstemon grandiflorus - Pale beard tongue Penstemon pallidus
- Slender beard tongue Penstemon gracilis
- White beard tongue Penstemon albidus
- Large-flowered beard tongue
- Bellwort
- Large-flowered bellwort Uvularia grandiflora
- Pale bellwortUvularia sessilifoliaSessile bellwort or wild oats is a species of bellwort native to Eastern North America. It grows in woodlands with wet or dry soils.The strap-like leaves are sessile on the stem...
Uvularia sessilifolia
- Black-eyed SusanRudbeckia hirtaRudbeckia hirta, the Black-eyed Susan, with the other common names of: Brown-eyed Susan, Brown Betty, Brown Daisy , Gloriosa Daisy, Golden Jerusalem, Poorland Daisy, Yellow Daisy, and Yellow Ox-eye Daisy. It is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae...
Rudbeckia hirta - BlanketflowerGaillardia aristataGaillardia aristata is a species of flowering plant in the sunflower family known by the common names common blanketflower and common gaillardia....
Gaillardia aristata - Blazing starsLiatrisLiatris is a genus of ornamental plants in the Asteraceae family, native to North America, Mexico, and the Bahamas. These plants are used as a popular summer flowers for bouquets.They are perennials, surviving the winter in the form of corms....
- Cylindric blazing starLiatris cylindraceaLiatris cylindracea, also known as Barrelhead gayfeather, Cylindrical blazing star, or Ontario blazing star, is a plant species in the aster family Asteraceae and genus Liatris. It is native to north eastern and central North America, where it is found in habitats such as prairies, limestone and...
Liatris cylindracea - Dotted blazing starLiatris punctataLiatris punctata is a species of flowering plant in the aster family known by the common names dotted gayfeather, dotted blazingstar, and narrow-leaved blazingstar. It is native to North America, where it occurs throughout the plains of central Canada, the central United States, and northern...
Liatris punctata - Great blazing starLiatris pycnostachyaLiatris pycnostachya is an ornamental plant native to the tallgrass prairies of the Midwestern United States.-External links:*...
Liatris pycnostachya - Northern plains blazing star Liatris ligulistylis
- Rough blazing starLiatris asperaLiatris aspera also known as the lacerate, rough, tall or prairie blazing star is a wildflower that is found the mid to eastern United States in habitats that range from mesic to dry prairie and dry savanna....
Liatris aspera
- Cylindric blazing star
- Bloodroot Sanguinaria canadensis
- Bluebead lily Clintonia borealis
- BlueberryBlueberryBlueberries are flowering plants of the genus Vaccinium with dark-blue berries and are perennial...
- Lowbush blueberry Vaccinium angustifolium
- Velvet-leaved blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides
- Blue-eyed grasses
- Field blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium campestre
- Mountain blue-eyed grassSisyrinchium montanumSisyrinchium montanum, or strict blue-eyed grass, is a grass-like species of plants from the genus Sisyrinchium native to northern North America from Newfoundland west to easternmost Alaska, and south to Pennsylvania in the east, and to New Mexico in the Rocky Mountains.It is very similar to S...
Sisyrinchium montanum montanum - Narrowleaf blue-eyed grassSisyrinchium angustifoliumSisyrinchium angustifolium, commonly known as Stout blue-eyed grass or simply blue-eyed grass, is a herbaceous perennial growing from rhizomes, native to moist meadow and open woodland. It is the most common blue-eyed grass of the eastern United States.Height: . Stem: broadly winged, wide. Leaves:...
Sisyrinchium angustifolium - Pointed-petal blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium mucronatum
- Blue flagBlue flagBlue flag or Blue Flag may refer to:*Blue Flag, the flag of Chelsea F.C.*Blue Flag beach, a beach or marina that meets certain quality standards*Larger Blue Flag or Iris versicolor, a type of iris...
- Northern blue flagIris versicolorIris versicolor, also commonly known as the Harlequin Blueflag, Larger Blue Flag, Northern Blue Flag, and other variations of those names, is a species of Iris native to North America where it is common in sedge meadows, marshes, and along streambanks and shores.-Growth:I. versicolor is a perennial...
Iris versicolor - Southern blue flag Iris virginica var. shrevei
- Northern blue flag
- BunchberryCornus canadensisCornus canadensis is a herbaceous member of the Cornaceae family...
Cornus canadensis - Butterflyweed Asclepias tuberosa var. interior
C
- Canada mayflowerMaianthemum canadenseMaianthemum canadense Maianthemum canadense Maianthemum canadense (Canadian May-lily, Canada Mayflower, False Lily-of-the-valley, Canadian Lily-of-the-valley, Wild Lily-of-the-valley, Two-leaved Solomonseal; syn. Maianthemum canadense var. interius Fern., Maianthemum canadense var...
Maianthemum canadense - Cinquefoil
- Bushy cinquefoil Potentilla paradoxa
- Marsh cinquefoilPotentilla palustrisComarum palustre , known by the common names Purple Marshlocks, Swamp Cinquefoil and Marsh Cinquefoil, is a common waterside shrub. It has a Circumboreal distribution, occurring throughout North America, Europe, and Asia, particularly the northern regions...
Potentilla palustris - Pennsylvania cinquefoilPotentilla pensylvanicaPotentilla pensylvanica is a species of cinquefoil known by the common names Pennsylvania cinquefoil and prairie cinquefoil. It is native to much of northern and western North America, including most of Canada and the western half of the United States. It grows in many types of habitat. The plant...
Potentilla pensylvanica - Rough cinquefoilPotentilla norvegicaPotentilla norvegica is a species of cinquefoil known by the common names rough cinquefoil and Norwegian cinquefoil. It is native to Eurasia...
Potentilla norvegica - Shrubby cinquefoil Potentilla fruticosa
- Slender cinquefoil Potentilla flabelliformis
- Spreading cinquefoil Potentilla effusa
- Tall cinquefoilPotentilla argutaDrymocallis arguta, commonly known as the tall cinquefoil or sticky cinquefoil, is a perennial plant in the Rosaceae family of flowering plants native to North America. It was formerly included with the typical cinquefoils in the genus Potentilla.There are two accepted subspecies:* Drymocallis...
Potentilla arguta
- Wild ColumbineWild ColumbineAquilegia canadensis is a herbaceous perennial native to woodland and rocky slopes in eastern North America, prized for its red and yellow flowers. It readily hybridizes with other species in the genus.-Description:Height is...
Aquilegia canadensis - ConeflowerConeflowerConeflower is a common name of at least four genera of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae:*Dracopis*Echinacea*Rudbeckia*Ratibida...
s- Gray-headed coneflower Ratibida pinnata
- Narrow-leaved purple coneflowerEchinacea pallidaEchinacea pallida , commonly called Pale Purple Cone-flower, is a species of herbaceous perennial plant in the family Asteraceae. It is sometimes grown in gardens and used for medicinal purposes. Its native range is the south central region of the United States.-Description:E. pallida is similar to E...
Echinacea pallida var. angustifolia - Prairie coneflowerRatibida columniferaRatibida columnifera, commonly known as Upright Prairie Coneflower or Mexican Hat, is a species of flowering plant in the daisy family, Asteraceae, that is native to much of North America....
Ratibida columnifera - Sweet coneflower Rudbeckia subtomentosa
- Tall coneflowerRudbeckia laciniataThe Cutleaf, Cutleaf Coneflower, Goldenglow, Green-headed Coneflower, Tall Coneflower or, Thimbleweed is a large perennial forb, native to Eastern North America, most often found in flood plains and moist soils. This plant grows up to 3 meters tall, with slightly glaucous leaves, and composite...
Rudbeckia laciniata var. laciniata - Three-leaved coneflowerRudbeckia trilobaRudbeckia triloba is a plant native to the United States. It is sometimes grown in gardens, but it is usually seen in old fields or along roadsides.Herbaceous biennial to weak perennial. Native to central-eastern United States...
Rudbeckia triloba var. triloba (special concern)
- Coralroot
- Autumn coralroot Corallorhiza odontorhiza var. odontorhiza
- Early coralrootCorallorhiza trifidaCorallorhiza trifida, commonly known as early coralroot, northern coralroot, or yellow coralroot, is a coralroot orchid native to North America and Eurasia, with a circumboreal distribution.-Description:...
Corallorhiza trifida - Spotted coralroot Corallorhiza maculata
- Striped coralrootCorallorhiza striataCorallorhiza striata is a species of orchid known by the common names striped coralroot and hooded coralroot. This flowering plant is native to much of North America, especially Canada and the northern and western United States...
Corallorhiza striata var. striata
- Cottongrass
- Chamisso's cottongrass Eriophorum chamissonis
- Delicate cottongrass Eriophorum tenellum
- Green-keeled cottongrass Eriophorum viridicarinatum
- Slender cottongrassEriophorum gracileEriophorum gracile is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family, Cyperaceae. It is known by the common name slender cottonsedge, or slender cottongrass. Eriophorum gracile is a plant with circumboreal distribution, extending south into mountain ranges of the Northern Hemisphere...
Eriophorum gracile - Tall cottongrass Eriophorum polystachion
- Tawny cottongrass Eriophorum virginicum
- Tussock cottongrassEriophorum vaginatumEriophorum vaginatum L. is a species of perennial herbaceous plants in the family Cyperaceae, native to bogs and other acidic wetlands throughout the Holarctic Kingdom. It is a 30-60 cm high tussock-forming plant with erect solitary spikelets.-External links:* in Flora of North America*...
Eriophorum vaginatum var. spissum
- Cow parsnip Heracleum maximum
- Culver's rootVeronicastrum virginicumVeronicastrum virginicum is a wildflower native to the United States...
Veronicastrum virginicum
D
- Dogbane
- Clasping dogbane Apocynum sibiricum
- Hemp dogbaneApocynum cannabinumApocynum cannabinum is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows throughout much of North America - in the southern half of Canada and throughout the United States. It is a poisonous plant: Apocynum means "poisonous to dogs"...
, also known as American Hemp, Apocynum cannabinum - Intermediate dogbane Apocynum x floribundum
- Spreading dogbaneApocynum androsaemifoliumApocynum androsaemifolium is a flowering plant. Milky sap appears on broken stems. Leaf margin is entire and leaf veination is alternate. Its leaves appear as pointed ovals, while...
Apocynum androsaemifolium
E
- Evening PrimrosesOenotheraOenothera is a Genus of about 125 species of annual, biennial and perennial herbaceous flowering plants, native to North and South America. It is the type genus of the family Onagraceae, the Evening Primrose Family. Common names include evening-primrose, suncups, and sundrops.The species vary in...
- Common evening primroseOenothera biennisOenothera biennis is a species of Oenothera native to eastern and central North America, from Newfoundland west to Alberta, southeast to Florida, and southwest to Texas, and widely naturalized elsewhere in temperate and subtropical regions.-Growth and flowering:Oenorthera biennis has a life span...
Oenothera biennis - Cleland's evening primrose Oenothera clelandii
- Cut-leaved evening primroseOenothera laciniataOenothera laciniata is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family known by the common name cutleaf evening primrose. It is native to the eastern United States but it can be found in many other places as an introduced species and sometimes a noxious weed. It is reported from Hawaii,...
Oenothera laciniata - Northern evening primrose Oenothera parviflora
- Nuttall's evening primrose Oenothera nuttallii
- Perennial evening primroseOenothera perennisOenothera perennis, or Sundrops, is a herbaceous flowering plant native to the United States and Canada....
Oenothera perennis - Rhombic evening primrose Oenothera rhombipetala
- Toothed evening primrose Calylophus serrulatus
- Common evening primrose
F
- False Solomon's Seal
- Common false Solomon's seal Smilacina racemosa
- Starry false Solomon's seal Smilacina stellata
- Three-leaved false Solomon's seal Smilacina trifolia
- Fireweed Epilobium angustifolium
- Flodman's thistle Cirsium flodmanii
G
- GaywingsPolygala paucifoliaPolygala paucifolia, known as Gaywings or Fringed polygala, is a perennial plant of the family Polygalaceae.Mature plants are 3 to 6 inches tall. Stems are smooth, slender and green. Leaves are clustered at the top, appearing to be whorled, but they are not. Leaflets are oblong to lanceolate —...
Polygala paucifolia - Gentians
- Billington's gentian Gentiana x billingtonii
- Bottle gentian Gentiana andrewsii
- Downy gentian Gentiana puberulenta
- Great Lakes gentian Gentiana rubricaulis
- Greater fringed gentian Gentianopsis crinita
- Horse gentian Triosteum aurantiacum
- Lesser fringed gentian Gentianopsis procera
- Northern gentian Gentiana affinis (special concern)
- Spurred gentian Halenia deflexa
- Stiff gentianGentianella quinquefoliaGentianella quinquefolia is a medicinal plant.-Subspecies:There are two subspecies:*Gentianella quinquefolia Small ssp. occidentalis J.Gillett...
Gentianella quinquefolia var. occidentalis - Yellowish gentian Gentiana flavida
- Giant Hyssop
- Blue giant hyssopAgastache foeniculumAgastache foeniculum , commonly called anise hyssop, is a species of perennial plant in the mint family,...
Agastache foeniculum - Purple giant hyssop Agastache scrophulariaefolia
- Yellow giant hyssop Agastache nepetoides
- Blue giant hyssop
- GoldenrodGoldenrodSolidago, commonly called goldenrods, is a genus of about 100 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae. Most are herbaceous perennial species found in the meadows and pastures, along roads, ditches and waste areas in North America. There are also a few species native to Mexico, South...
- Canada goldenrodSolidago canadensisSolidago canadensis is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae native to North America. It is often grown as a wildflower....
Solidago canadensis - Early goldenrodSolidago junceaSolidago juncea is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae native to Canada and the United States. It is often grown as a wildflower.-External links:**...
Solidago juncea - Giant goldenrodSolidago giganteaSolidago gigantea is a plant species in the genus Solidago. Its common name is giant goldenrod.It is the state flower of Kentucky and Nebraska.-External links:****...
Solidago gigantea - Gray goldenrodSolidago nemoralisSolidago nemoralis, or Gray Goldenrod, is a flowering plant in the United States....
Solidago nemoralis - Hairy goldenrod Solidago hispida
- Missouri goldenrod Solidago missouriensis
- Riddell's goldenrod Solidago riddellii
- Stiff goldenrod Solidago rigida
- Soft goldenrod Solidago mollis (special concern)
- Upland white aster Solidago ptarmicoides
- Zigzag goldenrodSolidago flexicaulisSolidago flexicaulis is an herbaceous perennial plant of the family Asteraceae native to the United States. It is often grown as a wildflower.-External links:***...
Solidago flexicaulis
- Canada goldenrod
- Ground plum Astragalus crassicarpus
- GumweedGrindelia squarrosaGrindelia squarrosa is a small North American biennial or short-lived perennial plant which grows to a height of 90 cm and bears yellow flowers from June to September. It was discovered by Lewis and Clark and before that it had been used by Great Plains Tribes as a medicinal herb.-External...
Grindelia squarrosa
H
- Harebell Campanula rotundifolia
- HepaticaHepaticaHepatica is a genus of herbaceous perennials in the buttercup family, native to central and northern Europe, Asia and eastern North America...
- Sharp-lobed hepaticaAnemone acutilobaAnemone acutiloba was placed in the genus Hepatica but has been moved to Anemone. This is an attractive flowering, clump forming herbaceous plant species in the family Ranunculaceae. Plants grow 5 to 19 cm tall, flowering early to mid spring. The flowers are greenish-white, white, purple or...
Anemone acutiloba - Round-lobed hepatica Anemone americana
- Sharp-lobed hepatica
- HoneysuckleHoneysuckleHoneysuckles are arching shrubs or twining vines in the family Caprifoliaceae, native to the Northern Hemisphere. There are about 180 species of honeysuckle, 100 of which occur in China; Europe, India and North America have only about 20 native species each...
- Bush honeysuckle Diervilla lonicera
- Fly honeysuckleLonicera canadensisLonicera canadensis is a flowering deciduous, perennial, phanerophytic shrub which is monoclinous and grows 1–2 m tall. It is the only member of its genus with hairless leaf structures. It typically flowers from the last week of April until the third or fourth week of May...
Lonicera canadensis - Grape honeysuckle Lonicera reticulata
- Hairy honeysuckle Lonicera hirsuta
- Mountain fly honeysuckle Lonicera villosa
- Swamp fly honeysuckle Lonicera oblongifolia
- Wild honeysuckle Lonicera dioica
I
- Indian paintbrushIndian PaintbrushIndian Paintbrush most often refers to:* Castilleja spp.Indian Paintbrush may also refer to:* Butterfly weed* Hawkweed* Steven Rales' production company, whose productions include The Darjeeling Limited, Towelhead and Fantastic Mr. Fox...
- Downy paintbrushCastilleja sessilifloraCastilleja sessiliflora is a species of flowering plant in the broomrape family known by the common names downy Indian paintbrush and downy paintedcup. It is native to the Great Plains of North America from southern Canada, through the central United States, to northern Mexico...
Castilleja sessiliflora - Indian paintbrush Castilleja coccinea
- Northern paintbrushCastilleja septentrionalisCastilleja septentrionalis is a species of Indian paintbrush known by several different common names, including pale painted cup , northern painted cup , pale Indian paintbrush , and Labrador Indian paintbrush. The scientific name "Castilleja pallida Spreng. var...
Castilleja septentrionalis (endangered)
- Downy paintbrush
- Indian pipeMonotropa unifloraMonotropa uniflora, also known as the Ghost Plant, Indian Pipe, or Corpse Plant is a herbaceous perennial plant, formerly classified in the family Monotropaceae, but now included within the Ericaceae. It is native to temperate regions of Asia, North America and northern South America, but with...
Monotropa uniflora
J
- Jack-in-the-pulpitArisaema triphyllumArisaema triphyllum is a herbaceous perennial plant growing from a corm. It is a highly variable species typically growing from 30 to 65 cm in height with three parted leaves and flowers contained in a spadix that is covered by a hood...
Arisaema triphyllum - Joe pye weed
- Spotted Joe pye weed Eupatorium maculatum
- Sweet Joe pye weedEupatorium purpureumEutrochium purpureum , Kidney-root, Sweetscented Joe-Pie weed, Sweet Joe-Pye weed, or Trumpet weed is a herbaceous perennial plant native to eastern and central North America....
Eupatorium purpureum
L
- Lady's slippers
- Andrew's lady's slipper Cypripedium x andrewsii
- Showy lady's slipperCypripedium reginaeThe Showy Lady's-slipper , also known as the Pink-and-white Lady's-slipper or the Queen's Lady's-slipper, is a rare terrestrial temperate lady's-slipper orchid native to northern North America....
Cypripedium reginae (the Minnesota State flower) - Small white lady's slipperCypripedium candidumCypripedium candidum, also known as Small White Lady's Slipper or White Lady's Slipper, is a rare orchid of the Cypripedium genus. It is found in wet prairies and fens, in rich, highly calcareous soils, sedge meadow edges, calcareous roadside and railway ditches. Cypripedium candidum grows to a...
Cypripedium candidum (special concern) - Stemless lady's slipperCypripedium acauleCypripedium acaule is a member of the orchid genus Cypripedium. Members of this genus are commonly referred to as lady's slipper orchids. First described in 1700, C. acaule is commonly referred to as the Pink Lady's Slipper, Stemless Lady's-slipper, or Moccasin Flower...
, also known as Moccasin flower, Cypripedium acaule - Yellow lady's slipperCypripedium calceolusCypripedium calceolus is a lady's-slipper orchid, and the type species of the genus Cypripedium.It is a widespread plant worldwide, found from Europe east through Asia to the Pacific Ocean. It is found in open woodland on moist calcareous soils. It is found in continental Europe growing in the...
Cypripedium calceolus
- LeadplantAmorpha canescensAmorpha canescens is a 1–3 feet tall deciduous shrub in the Pea family that is native to North America. It has very small purple flowers which are grouped in racemes. The compound leaves of this plant appear leaden due to their dense hairiness...
Amorpha canescens
M
- Marsh marigold
- Floating marsh marigold Caltha natans (endangered)
- Common marsh marigoldCaltha palustrisCaltha palustris is a herbaceous perennial plant of the buttercup family, native to marshes, fens, ditches and wet woodland in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere....
Caltha palustris
- Milk vetch
- Alpine milk vetchAstragalus alpinusAstragalus alpinus is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name alpine milkvetch. It has a circumpolar distribution, occurring throughout the upper latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. It is widespread in Eurasia...
Astragalus alpinus (endangered) - Canada milk vetchAstragalus canadensisAstragalus canadensis is a common and widespread member of the milkvetch genus in the legume family, known commonly as Canadian milkvetch. The plant is found throughout Canada and the United States in many habitats including wetlands, woodlands, and prairies...
Astragalus canadensis - Cooper's milk vetch Astragalus neglectus
- Field milk vetchAstragalus agrestisAstragalus agrestis is a species of milkvetch known by the common names purple milkvetch, purple loco, and field milkvetch. It is native to much of western and northern North America from most of Canada to the southwestern United States, as well as eastern Asia...
Astragalus agrestis - Loose-flowered milkvetch Astragalus tenellus
- Lotus milk vetch Astragalus lotiflorus
- Missouri milk vetchAstragalus missouriensisAstragalus missouriensis is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name Missouri milkvetch. It is native to central North America, where it is common and widespread.-External links:**...
Astragalus missouriensis (special concern) - Prairie milk vetch Astragalus adsurgens
- Racemose milk vetch Astragalus racemosus (possibly non-native)
- Slender milk vetch Astragalus flexuosus (special concern)
- Alpine milk vetch
- Milkweeds
- Clasping milkweedAsclepias amplexicaulisAsclepias amplexicaulis is a species of milkweed, in the subfamily Asclepiadaceae, which is cited as a wildflower native to the United States , mostly found in Central and Eastern areas and grown in the spring time. Its found grown in dry fields and open woods, usually in sandy soil and 1-3 feet...
Asclepias amplexicaulis (special concern) - Common milkweed Asclepias syriaca
- Green milkweed Asclepias viridiflora
- Narrow-leaved milkweed Asclepias stenophylla (endangered)
- Oval-leaved milkweed Asclepias ovalifolia
- Poke milkweed Asclepias exaltata
- Prairie milkweed Asclepias hirtella (threatened)
- Purple milkweedAsclepias purpurascensPurple milkweed is a herbaceous plant species. It is in the genus Asclepias, making it a type of milkweed. It is native to the Eastern, Southern and Midwestern United States similar to the range of the Common Milkweed...
Asclepias purpurascens - Showy milkweedAsclepias speciosaAsclepias speciosa is a species of milkweed known commonly as the showy milkweed. It is native to the western half of North America.-Description:...
Asclepias speciosa - Sullivant's milkweed Asclepias sullivantii (threatened)
- Swamp milkweed Asclepias incarnata var. incarnata
- Whorled milkweedAsclepias verticillataAsclepias verticillata is a species of milkweed which is used as a medicinal plant by Native American tribes and in Butterfly gardening.-Description:...
Asclepias verticillata - Woolly milkweed Asclepias lanuginosa
- Clasping milkweed
- Miterwort
- Naked miterwortMitella nudaMitella nuda, the naked bishop's cap, is a plant in the genus Mitella.It has a single leaf, serrate but not deeply lobed, rising in single stalks from the ground. The leaf color is light green. Tiny white hairs arise perpendicular to the leaf surface...
Mitella nuda - Two-leaved miterwortMitella diphyllaMitella diphylla is a clump forming, open woodland plant growing from a fibrouse root system. The species is placed in the Saxifragaceae family. It is native to Eastern North America and is a spring blooming plant with lacy, white flowers produced on stems growing from 20 to 50 centimeters tall...
Mitella diphylla
- Naked miterwort
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- Orchids
- Hooker's orchid Platanthera hookeri
- Intermediate bog orchid Platanthera x media
- Large round-leaved orchid Platanthera orbiculata
- Long-bracted orchid Ceologlossum viride var. varescens
- Ragged fringed orchid Platanthera lacera
- Ram's head orchidCypripedium arietinumThe rare Ram's-Head Lady's-Slipper is an orchid that is native to the alvars around the Great Lakes in North America.The plant grows to 10-40 cm , and the flowers may reach 1-2 cm...
Cypripedium arietinum (threatened) - Small green wood orchid Platanthera clavellata (special concern)
- Small northern bog orchidPlatanthera obtusataPlatanthera obtusata is a small species of orchid in the genus Platanthera....
Platanthera obtusata - Small purple fringed orchidPlatanthera psycodesPlatanthera psycodes, commonly called Small Purple Fringed-orchid, is a species of orchid occurring from eastern Canada to the east-central and northeastern United States....
Platanthera psycodes - Tall northern bog orchidPlatanthera hyperboreaDescription: Platanthera hyperborea is a green to yellowish-green perennial, monocot herb growing 10–90 cm.Similar species: Platanthera hyperborea is similar to Platanthera dilatata, the two hybridize freely, and produce intermediate offspring, the labellum, is strongly dilated at the base in...
Platanthera hyperborea - Tall white bog orchid Platanthera dilatata
- Tubercled rein orchid Platanthera flava var. herbiola (endangered)
- Western prairie fringed orchid Platanthera praeclara (threatened)
- Ox-eye Heliopsis helianthoides var. scabra
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- Pasqueflower Anemone patens var. multifida
- Pearly everlastingAnaphalis margaritaceaAnapahlis margaritacea, commonly known as the Western Pearly Everlasting, is a perennial herb in the composite family. Since it is the only North American species it is often simply called Pearly Everlasting in the United States and Canada. However, it is also native in Asia and has been widely...
Anaphalis margaritacea - PhloxPhloxPhlox is a genus of 67 species of perennial and annual plants found mostly in North America in diverse habitats from alpine tundra to open woodland and prairie. Some flower in spring, others in summer and autumn....
- Blue phloxPhlox divaricataPhlox divaricata is a herbaceous perennial valued for its lavender-blue flowers, native to forests and fields in eastern North America.-Description:...
Phlox divaricata var. laphamii - Prairie phloxPhlox pilosaPhlox pilosa is an herbaceous perennial in the family Polemoniaceae. It is native to North America.-Description:...
Phlox pilosa var. fulgida
- Blue phlox
- Pitcher plantSarracenia purpureaSarracenia purpurea, commonly known as the purple pitcher plant, northern pitcher plant, or side-saddle flower, is a carnivorous plant in the family Sarraceniaceae...
Sarracenia purpurea var. purpurea - Prairie clover
- White prairie cloverDalea candidaDalea candida is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name white prairie clover. It is native to North America, where it can be found throughout central Canada, the central United States, and northern Mexico. It can sometimes be found outside its range as an...
Dalea candida - Western white prairie clover Dalea candida var. oligophylla
- Foxtail dalea Dalea leporina
- Purple prairie cloverDalea purpureaDalea purpurea is a species of flowering plant in the legume family known by the common name purple prairie clover, better written as "prairie-clover," in recognition of the fact that it is not a true clover...
Dalea purpurea var. purpurea - Silky prairie clover Dalea villosa var. villosa
- White prairie clover
- Prairie larkspur Delphinium carolinianum var. virescens
- Prairie smokeGeum triflorumGeum triflorum, is a spring perennial herbaceous plant of North America from northern Canada to California and east to New York....
Geum triflorum - Prairie turnip Pediomelum esculentum
- PuccoonPuccoonPuccoon is a common name that refers to any of several plants formerly used by certain Native Americans for dyes. The dyes were made from the plants' roots.The name is derived from the Powhatan word poughkone.-Types:...
- Hoary puccoonLithospermum canescensLithospermum canescens is a species of flowering plant known by the common name Hoary Puccoon. It is endemic to eastern North America. The plant has golden yellow flowers which bloom from April to May....
Lithospermum canescens - Hairy puccoon Lithospermum carolinense var. croceum
- Narrow-leaved puccoonLithospermum incisumLithospermum incisum is a species of flowering plant in the borage family known by several common names, including narrowleaf stoneseed, fringed gromwell, narrowleaf puccoon, and plains stoneseed. It is native to much of central Canada and the United States, where it is known from many types of...
Lithospermum incisum
- Hoary puccoon
- PyrolaPyrolaPyrola is a genus of evergreen herbaceous plants in the family Ericaceae. Under the old Cronquist system it was placed in its own family Pyrolaceae, but genetic research showed it belonged in the family Ericaceae. The species are commonly known as wintergreen, a name shared with several other...
s (also known as shinleaves)- Elliptic shinleaf Pyrola elliptica
- Green-flowered pyrolaPyrola chloranthaPyrola chlorantha or Green-Flowered Wintergreen is a species of the plant genus Pyrola. It has a Circumboreal distribution and is found throughout the northern latitudes of Eurasia and North America....
Pyrola chlorantha - One-flowered pyrola Pyrola unifora
- One-sided pyrola Pyrola secunda
- Pink shinleafPyrola asarifoliaPyrola asarifolia, commonly known as Bog Wintergreen, Liverleaf Wintergreen or Pink Wintergreen, is a plant species of the genus Pyrola native to western North America. It is found primarily on forest margins at mid latitude in the Pacific Northwest and northern California...
Pyrola asarifolia - Round-leaved pyrolaPyrola rotundifoliaPyrola rotundifolia or Round-leaved Wintergreen is a plant species of the genus Pyrola. It is found in the Northeastern United States, as Pyrola americana var. rotundifolia.-External links:*...
Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana - Small shinleafPyrola minorPyrola minor, known by the common names snowline wintergreen, lesser wintergreen, and common wintergreen, is a plant species of the genus Pyrola. It has a Circumboreal distribution and can be found throughout the northern latitudes of Eurasia and North America.-External links:****...
Pyrola minor (special concern)
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- RoseRoseA rose is a woody perennial of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae. There are over 100 species. They form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Flowers are large and showy, in colours ranging from white through yellows...
s- Prairie rose Rosa arkansana
- Prickly roseRosa acicularisRosa acicularis, also known as the prickly wild rose, the prickly rose, the bristly rose and the Arctic rose, is a species of wild rose with a Holarctic distribution in northern regions of Asia, Europe, and North America....
Rosa acicularis - Smooth wild rose Rosa blanda
- Wood's roseRosa woodsiiRosa woodsii is a species of rose known by the common name Woods' rose. It is native to North America including much of Canada and Alaska and the western and central United States. It grows in a variety of habitat types, including disturbed areas....
Rosa woodsii var. woodsii'
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- Silverleaf scurfpea Pediomelum argophyllum
- Spiderwort
- Bracted spiderwortTradescantia bracteataTradescantia bracteata is a species of Tradescantia. It is grown for its purple flowers. It blooms from May to July....
Tradescantia bracteata - Ohio spiderwortTradescantia ohiensisTradescantia ohiensis is a species of Tradescantia native to much of the eastern United States. It is the most common species of Tradescantia in the wild in the United States....
Tradescantia ohiensis - Western spiderwortTradescantia occidentalisTradescantia occidentalis is a plant in the dayflower family, Commelinaceae. It is listed as a threatened species in Canada....
Tradescantia occidentalis
- Bracted spiderwort
- StarflowerTrientalis borealisTrientalis borealis is a North American woodland perennial, it is also known as the Starflower. The starflower grows up to 9 inches tall and has one or two white flowers which consist of seven petals that form a star-like shape. The flowers are found on top of stalks which are above the lanceolate...
Trientalis borealis - StrawberryStrawberryFragaria is a genus of flowering plants in the rose family, Rosaceae, commonly known as strawberries for their edible fruits. Although it is commonly thought that strawberries get their name from straw being used as a mulch in cultivating the plants, the etymology of the word is uncertain. There...
- Common strawberry Fragaria virginiana
- Wood strawberry Fragaria vesca var. americana
- Sunflowers
- Bright sunflower Helianthus x laetiflorus
- Common sunflower Helianthus annuus
- Giant sunflowerHelianthus giganteusHelianthus giganteus , is a species of Helianthus native to the eastern United States and southeastern Canada, from Nova Scotia and Ontario west to Minnesota and south to Mississippi and Georgia....
Helianthus giganteus - Hairy sunflower Helianthus hirsutus
- Maximilian's sunflowerHelianthus maximilianiHelianthus maximiliani is a species of sunflower known by the common name Maximilian sunflower.Native to much of the eastern half of North America, it is found in parts of the western half as an introduced species. The plant thrives in a number of ecosystems, particularly across the plains in...
Helianthus maximiliani - Nuttall's sunflower Helianthus nuttallii ssp. rydbergii (special concern)
- Prairie sunflower Helianthus petiolaris var. petiolaris
- Sawtooth sunflowerHelianthus grosseserratusHelianthus grosseserratus, commonly known as sawtooth sunflower or thick-tooth sunflower, is a perennial sunflower in the family Asteraceae, with a large flowering head ....
Helianthus grosseserratus - Stiff sunflowerHelianthus pauciflorusThe Stiff Sunflower is an ornamental plant in the Asteraceae family.-External links:*...
Helianthus pauciflorus - Tickseed sunflowerBidens aristosaBidens aristosa, commonly called Bearded Beggarticks, Long-bracted Beggarticks, Tickseed Beggarticks, or Western Tickseed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It belongs to the genus Bidens...
Bidens aristosa - Western sunflowerHelianthus occidentalisHelianthus occidentalis is a species of sunflower found in the eastern United States. It differs from other, similar species by its sparse leaves, most of which are basal. This perennial flower reaches heights from two to five feet.-References:*Schilling, E. E. Helianthus in: Flora of North...
Helianthus occidentalis var. occidentalis - Woodland sunflower Helianthus strumosus
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- Tarragon Artemisia dracunculus
- Touch-me-not
- Pale touch-me-notImpatiens pallidaPale Jewelweed or Yellow Jewelweed is a flowering plant native to the United States. It grows in moist to wet soils, generally alongside the closely related Impatiens capensis, producing flowers from midsummer through fall...
Impatiens pallida - Spotted touch-me-notImpatiens capensisImpatiens capensis, the Orange Jewelweed, Common Jewelweed, Spotted Jewelweed, Spotted Touch-me-not, or Orange Balsam, is an annual plant native to North America. It is common in bottomland soils, ditches, and along creeks, often growing side-by-side with its less common relative, Yellow Jewelweed...
Impatiens capensis
- Pale touch-me-not
- Trilliums
- Drooping trilliumTrillium flexipesTrillium flexipes, the Bent Trillium or Drooping Trillium, is a spring-flowering perennial which is most common in the midwestern United States. Scattered populations are found as far east as Philadelphia and as far south as Alabama. However, it is an endangered plant species in Canada and is rare...
Trillium flexipes - Large-flowered trilliumTrillium grandiflorumTrillium grandiflorum, commonly known as white trillium, great white trillium, white wake-robin, or in French as trille blanc, is a perennial monocotyledonous plant in the lily family...
Trillium grandiflorum - Nodding trilliumTrillium cernuumTrillium cernuum is a species of Trillium native to northeastern North America, from Newfoundland west to southern Saskatchewan, and south to northern Virginia and Iowa...
Trillium cernuum var. macranthum - Snow trilliumTrillium nivaleTrillium nivale, the snow trillium or dwarf white trillium, is a member of the Trilliaceae family. It is native to parts of the east and midwest United States, and is one of the earliest flowers to bloom. Along the Ohio River valley, flowers may be seen in early March. At its northern limit in...
Trillium nivale
- Drooping trillium
- Twinflower Linnaea borealis var. longiflora
- Twistedstalk
- Clasping leaved twistedstalkStreptopus amplexifoliusStreptopus amplexifolius is a species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae, native to North America, Europe and Asia....
Streptopus amplexifolius - Rose twistedstalkStreptopus roseusStreptopus roseus , is an understory perennial plant native to the southern boreal forests of eastern North America, from Newfoundland to Manitoba in Canada and south to Georgia and Michigan...
Streptopus roseus var. longipes
- Clasping leaved twistedstalk
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- VioletsViolet (plant)Viola is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with around 400–500 species distributed around the world. Most species are found in the temperate Northern Hemisphere; however, viola species are also found in widely divergent areas such as Hawaii, Australasia, and the Andes in...
- Arrow-leaved violet Viola sagittata
- Bearded birdfoot violet Viola palmata var. pedatifida
- Beardless birdfoot violetViola pedataViola pedata is an ornamental plant in the Violaceae family. Monophyletic in stature, this violet, also known as the "mountain pansy" is endemic to eastern North America, where it favors well drained, acidic soils in full to partial sun environments...
Viola pedata - Big-leaved white violetViola blandaViola blanda is a flowering perennial plant in the Violet family . It is native to parts of eastern and western Canada and the northeastern, north-central, and southeastern United States....
Viola blanda - Common blue violetViola sororiaViola sororia, known commonly as the Common Blue Violet, is a stemless herbaceous perennial plant that is native to eastern North America...
Viola sororia - Dog violet Viola conspersa
- Great-spurred violet Viola selkirkii
- Kidney-leaved violet Viola renifolia
- Marsh violetViola cucullataViola cucullata is a species of the genus Viola native to eastern North America, from Newfoundland west to Ontario and Minnesota, and south to Georgia....
Viola cucullata - Lance-leaved violet Viola lanceolata (threatened)
- New England violet Viola novae-angliae
- Northern bog violetViola nephrophyllaViola nephrophylla is an annual or perennial forb in the Violet family native to North America....
Viola nephrophylla - Northern white violetViola macloskeyiViola macloskeyi is a flowering perennial plant in the Violet family .It is native to Canada, the Northeastern, North-Central, Northwestern,...
Viola macloskeyi var. pallens - Rugulose violetViola canadensisViola canadensis is more commonly known as Canadian white violet, Canada Violet, tall white violet, or white violet. As its name suggests, it is a species of violet which bears white blooms. The flowers are white, with yellow bases and sometimes streaks of purple. The leaves are heart shaped, with...
Viola canadensis var. rugulosa - Sand violetViola aduncaViola adunca is a species of violet known by the common names hookedspur violet, sand violet, and western dog violet. It is native to North America, including the western half of the United States to New England northward throughout Canada.This is a hairy, compact plant growing from a small rhizome...
Viola adunca - Yellow prairie violetViola nuttalliiViola nuttallii is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Violet family , and is one of the few violet species with lanceolate leaves...
Viola nuttallii (threatened) - Yellow violetViola pubescensViola pubescens, often called Downy yellow violet, is a plants species of the genus Viola. It is found in dry mixed and deciduous woodland areas of the United States and Canada; from Minnesota and Ontario to Nova Scotia, South to Virginia...
Viola pubescens
- Violet wood sorrelOxalis violaceaOxalis violacea, the violet woodsorrel, is a perennial plant native to the United States. Similar in appearance to small clovers such as the shamrock, the plant bears violet colored flowers among three-parted leaves having heart-shaped leaflets. Wood sorrel emerges in early spring from an...
Oxalis violacea - Virginia mountain mintPycnanthemum virginianumPycnanthemum virginianum is a plant in the mint family, Lamiaceae. It is a herbaceous plant with narrow, opposite, simple leaves, on wiry, green stems. The flowers are white with purplish spotting, borne in summer. Like most plants in the genus, the foliage has a strong mint fragrance when crushed...
Pycnanthemum virginianum
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- White camasZigadenus elegansMountain Deathcamas is also known as Elegant Camas or "alkali grass". It is not a grass , but belongs to the trillium family, Melanthiaceae....
Zigadenus elegans - Wild bergamotMonarda fistulosaWild bergamot or Bee Balm is a wildflower in the mint family widespread and abundant as a native plant in much of North America. This plant, with showy summer-blooming white flowers, is often used as a honey plant, medicinal plant, and garden ornamental...
Monarda fistulosa - Wild calla Calla palustris
- Wild licorice Glycyrrhiza lepidota
- Wild onionWild onionWild onion can refer to* any uncultivated species in the genus Allium, especially:**Allium bisceptrum** Allium canadense** Allium validum** Allium vineale* Cyperus bulbosus* Bulbine semibarbata...
- Nodding wild onionAllium cernuumAllium cernuum, known as nodding onion and lady's leek, is a perennial plant in the genus Allium.It has an unsheathed slender conic bulb which gradually tapers directly into several keeled grass-like leaves . Each mature bulb bears a single flowering stem, which terminates in a downward nodding...
Allium cernuum - Prairie wild onionAllium stellatumAllium stellatum is a perennial wild onion native to North America, where it grows in rocky, sandy soil. It grows from a bulb to about 1-2 feet with tufts of leaves which die back as the scape of pink to purple flowers forms...
Allium stellatum - White wild onionAllium textileAllium textile is a common species of wild onion found in the central states of North America....
Allium textile
- Nodding wild onion
- Wild sweet William Phlox maculata
- Wintergreen Gaultheria procumbens
- WolfberrySymphoricarpos occidentalisSymphoricarpos occidentalis, commonly called Western snowberry or Wolfberry, is a woody species of flowering plant in the honeysuckle family...
Symphoricarpos occidentalis - Wood betonyPedicularis canadensisPedicularis canadensis is a flowering plant in the Orobanchaceae family and is also known as Wood Betony, Beefsteak Plant, Canadian Lousewort, High Heal-all, Snaffles and Canada Lousewort. It is found in thickets and dry, open wooded areas throughout Canada and the United States. It is a low, hairy...
Pedicularis canadensis - Wood lilyLilium philadelphicumLilium philadelphicum, also known as the Wood Lily, Philadelphia Lily, Prairie Lily or Western Red Lily, is a perennial species of lily native to North America...
Lilium philadelphicum var. andinum - WormwoodArtemisia (plant)Artemisia is a large, diverse genus of plants with between 200 to 400 species belonging to the daisy family Asteraceae. It comprises hardy herbs and shrubs known for their volatile oils. They grow in temperate climates of the Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere, usually in dry or semi-dry...
- Sage wormwood Artemisia frigida
- Tall wormwoodArtemisia campestrisArtemisia campestris L. is a species of herbaceous biennial or perennial plants in the genus Artemisia that grows in open sites on dry sandy soils throughout the Boreal Kingdom.-External links:** in Flora of North America...
Artemisia campestris