List of Olympic venues in field hockey
Encyclopedia
For the Summer Olympics, there are 32 venues that have been or will be used for field hockey
Field hockey at the Summer Olympics
Field hockey was introduced at the Summer Olympic Games as a men's competition at the 1908 Games in London, with six teams, including four from the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland....

. The competitions were first held at the Olympic Stadium
Olympic Stadium
The Olympic Stadium is the name usually given to the big centrepiece stadium of the Summer Olympic Games. Traditionally, the opening and closing ceremonies and the track and field competitions are held in the Olympic Stadium. Many, though not all, of these venues actually contain the words Olympic...

 until 1928
Field hockey at the 1928 Summer Olympics
The 1928 Summer Olympics saw the third Field Hockey tournament at Olympics. All games took place either in the new Olympisch Stadion or in the nearby Old Stadion. The field hockey tournament was held in the first part of this Olympic games...

 when it was held at a stadium that did not have the Olympic Stadium title. From 1936
Field hockey at the 1936 Summer Olympics
The 1936 Summer Olympics saw the fifth field hockey tournament at Olympics. All games took place either in the Hockey Stadion or on the Hockey Stadion Field No.2. Both of the field hockey grounds were near the Olympic Stadium located on the Reichssportfeld. The competition was held from Tuesday,...

 to 1960
Field hockey at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The field hockey tournament at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy was contested from August 26 to September 9, with sixteen participating teams. Only men competed in field hockey at these Games. Pakistan won the gold medal, defeating India in the final and ending India's run of six successive...

 with the exception of 1952
Field hockey at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Final results for the Hockey competition at the 1952 Summer Olympics:Only a men's competition occurred that year.-Medal summary:-Bracket:-Participating nations:...

, the competitions were held in more than one venue. Artificial turf
Artificial turf
Artificial turf is a surface manufactured from synthetic fibers made to look like natural grass. It is most often used in arenas for sports that were originally or are normally played on grass. However, it is now being used on residential lawns and commercial applications as well...

 made its Olympic debut at the 1976 Summer Olympics
Field hockey at the 1976 Summer Olympics
The Field Hockey competition at the 1976 Summer Olympics, which was held in the Molson Stadium at the McGill University, made history as it was played on an artificial surface for the first time in history...

. The last field hockey competitions that was not held on a single venue was in 1996
Field hockey at the 1996 Summer Olympics
The Olympic Field Hockey Tournament at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States, was held in the Morris Brown College Stadium and Panther Stadium The event ran from Saturday July 20 to Friday August 2, 1996.-Men's tournament:GOLD Netherlands...

.
Games Venue Other sports hosted at venues for these games Capacity Ref.
1908 London
1908 Summer Olympics
The 1908 Summer Olympics, officially the Games of the IV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in 1908 in London, England, United Kingdom. These games were originally scheduled to be held in Rome. At the time they were the fifth modern Olympic games...

 
White City Stadium
White City Stadium
White City Stadium was built in White City, London, for the 1908 Summer Olympics, often seen as the precursor to the modern seater stadium and noted for hosting the finish of the first modern distance marathon. It also hosted speedway and a match at the 1966 World Cup, before the stadium was...

 
Archery
Archery at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, three archery events were contested. Great Britain sent 41 archers , France sent 15 men, and the United States sent one man.-Medal summary:-Medal table:-Sources:...

, Athletics
Athletics at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics held in London, England, 26 athletics events were contested, all for men only.Each nation was allowed to enter up to 12 competitors in most of the events. In the team races , each nation entered one team. The medley relay was run by four athletes, with four alternates...

, Cycling
Cycling at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, seven track cycling events were contested, all for men only. The weather was poor, flooding the track on occasion. The track was 660 yards long ; some events used full laps of the track; the others used metric distances.-Medal summary:-Medal...

 (track), Diving
Diving at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, two diving events were contested, both for men only. The competition was held on Tuesday July 14, 1908 and Friday July 24, 1908.-Medal summary:...

, Football
Football at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Bohemia were forced to withdraw before the tournament started after losing their FIFA membership.-Semi-finals:-Bronze medal match:The French were so shocked by their humiliating 17-1 defeat against Denmark that they declined to play for the bronze medal; therefore, the Netherlands played Sweden for...

, Gymnastics
Gymnastics at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, two gymnastics events were contested. No nation was successful in winning more than one medal.-Medal summary:-Medal table:-Sources:...

, Lacrosse
Lacrosse at the 1908 Summer Olympics
A lacrosse game was played between Canada and Great Britain at the 1908 Summer Olympics. The game marked the second appearance of lacrosse at the Olympics, the first being at the 1904 Summer Olympics. Only two teams competed — one fewer than in 1904...

, Rugby union
Rugby union at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Rugby union at the 1908 Summer Olympics. The event was summarised under the "Football" heading along with association football. The host Great Britain was represented by Cornwall, the 1908 county champion...

, Swimming
Swimming at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, six swimming events were contested. These were the first Olympic Games in which a 100 metre pool had been especially constructed . Previous Olympic events were swum in open water...

, Tug of war
Tug of war at the 1908 Summer Olympics
-Medal table:-Medal summary:-City of London Police:* Edward Barrett* John Duke* Frederick Goodfellow* Frederick Humphreys* William Hirons* Albert Ireton* Frederick Merriman* Edwin Mills* John James Shepherd-Liverpool Police:* James Clarke...

, Water polo
Water polo at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics, a water polo tournament was contested.-Medal table:-Medal summary:-Belgium:* Victor Boin* Herman Donners* Fernand Feyaerts * Oscar Grégoire* Herman Meyboom* Albert Michant * Joseph Pletinckx...

 (final), Wrestling
Wrestling at the 1908 Summer Olympics
At the 1908 Summer Olympics in London, nine wrestling events were contested, all for men. There were four weight classes in Greco-Roman wrestling and five weight classes in freestyle wrestling....

97,000.
1920 Antwerp
1920 Summer Olympics
The 1920 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event in 1920 in Antwerp, Belgium....

 
Olympisch Stadion
Olympisch Stadion (Antwerp)
The Olympisch Stadion or Kielstadion was built as the main stadium for the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. For those games, it hosted the athletics, equestrian, field hockey, football, gymnastics, modern pentathlon, rugby union, tug of war, and weightlifting events. It is currently used as the...

 
Athletics
Athletics at the 1920 Summer Olympics
At the 1920 Summer Olympics held in Antwerp, 29 athletics events were contested, all for men only. The competitions were held from August 15, 1920 to August 23, 1920.-Medal table:-Medal summary:-Participating nations:...

, Equestrian
Equestrian at the 1920 Summer Olympics
The equestrian events at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp included eventing, show jumping, vaulting and dressage. The competitions were held from September 6, 1920 to September 12, 1920.-Medal summary:-Medal table:...

, Football
Football at the 1920 Summer Olympics
The football at the 1920 Summer Olympics, was one of the 154 events at the 1920 Summer Olympics, held in Antwerp. It was the fifth time football was on the Olympic schedule. The tournament was contested by 14 teams, with host country Belgium winning the gold medals...

 (final), Gymnastics
Gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics
The competition of gymnastics at the 1920 Summer Olympics was held from Montag, August 23 to Friday, August 27, 1920 at the Beerschot Stadium in Antwerp...

, Modern pentathlon
Modern pentathlon at the 1920 Summer Olympics
At the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, a single modern pentathlon event was contested. As in 1912, Swedish athletes won all three medals.-Results:-Reference:*...

, Rugby union
Rugby union at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Rugby union was played at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp. Two nations entered the rugby event - France and the United States. The French team were very much thought to be assured of the gold medal and came in as raging favourites in the event. However, the United States team caused a massive...

, Tug of war
Tug of war at the 1912 Summer Olympics
The tug of war contest at the 1912 Summer Olympics consisted of a single match, as only two teams entered the competition.Sweden was represented by the Stockholm Police, while Great Britain's team came from the defending champion City of London Police...

, Weightlifing
Weightlifting at the 1920 Summer Olympics
Weightlifting returned to the Olympic program at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, with competition in five weight classes, for men only. The sport had previously been contested at the Olympic Games in 1904.-Medal summary:-Participating nations:...

 
12,771
1928 Amsterdam
1928 Summer Olympics
The 1928 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the IX Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1928 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Amsterdam had bid for the 1920 and 1924 Olympic Games, but had to give way to war-victim Antwerp, Belgium, and Pierre de...

 
Old Stadion
Old Stadion (Amsterdam)
Old Stadion , sometimes referred to as the Harry Elte Stadium , was a multi-purpose sports stadium located in Amsterdam in the Netherlands. Prior to the construction of the Olympic Stadium used for the 1928 Summer Olympics, it was the primary stadium used for the city until the 1928 Games...

 
None 29,000
1932 Los Angeles
1932 Summer Olympics
The 1932 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the X Olympiad, was a major world wide multi-athletic event which was celebrated in 1932 in Los Angeles, California, United States. No other cities made a bid to host these Olympics. Held during the worldwide Great Depression, many nations...

 
Olympic Stadium
Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum
The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum is a large outdoor sports stadium in the University Park neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, at Exposition Park, that is home to the Pacific-12 Conference's University of Southern California Trojans football team...

 
Athletics
Athletics at the 1932 Summer Olympics
At the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, 29 athletics events were contested, 23 for men and 6 for women. It was the first time the 50 kilometre walk appeared in the men's athletics at the Games. This was only the second time women's events in athletics were included in the Olympic Games program...

, Equestrian
Equestrian at the 1932 Summer Olympics
The Equestrian Events at the 1932 Los Angeles Summer Games included Dressage , Eventing , and Show Jumping . The competitions were held from August 10, 1932 to August 14, 1932....

 (eventing, jumping), Gymnastics
Gymnastics at the 1932 Summer Olympics
At the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, eleven events in gymnastics were contested, all for men only. The competitions were held from Monday, August 8, 1932 to Friday, August 12, 1932.-Medal summary:-Participating nations:...

 
105,000
1936 Berlin
1936 Summer Olympics
The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event which was held in 1936 in Berlin, Germany. Berlin won the bid to host the Games over Barcelona, Spain on April 26, 1931, at the 29th IOC Session in Barcelona...

 
Hockey Stadion
Olympic Stadium (Berlin)
The Olympiastadion is a sports stadium in Berlin, Germany. There have been two stadiums on the site: the present facility, and one that is called the Deutsches Stadion which was built for the aborted 1916 Summer Olympics. Both were designed by members of the same family, the first by Otto March...

 (final)
None 18,000
Hockey Stadion #2
Olympic Stadium (Berlin)
The Olympiastadion is a sports stadium in Berlin, Germany. There have been two stadiums on the site: the present facility, and one that is called the Deutsches Stadion which was built for the aborted 1916 Summer Olympics. Both were designed by members of the same family, the first by Otto March...

 
None 1600
1948 London
1948 Summer Olympics
The 1948 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in London, England, United Kingdom. After a 12-year hiatus because of World War II, these were the first Summer Olympics since the 1936 Games in Berlin...

 
Empire Stadium (medal matches) Athletics
Athletics at the 1948 Summer Olympics
At the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, 33 athletics events were contested, 24 for men and 9 for women. Three events made their Olympic debut at these Games: women's 200 metres, women's long jump and women's shot put...

, Equestrian
Equestrian at the 1948 Summer Olympics
The Equestrian Events at the 1948 London Summer Olympics included Dressage, Eventing, and Show Jumping. All three disciplines had both individual and team competitions. The competitions were held from August 9, 1948 to August 14, 1948.-Medal summary:...

 (jumping), Football
Football at the 1948 Summer Olympics
The 1948 Olympic Games title was won by Sweden, managed by Englishman George Raynor.-Summary:Sweden, whose Football Association forbade professionalism within domestic football, ran out as winners and only used 12 players throughout the entire tournament but there were exceptional performances put...

 (medal matches)
82,000
Guinness Sports Club
Park Royal
Park Royal is an area in northwest London, UK. It is the largest industrial and business park in London, occupying about , and is promoted commercially by the Park Royal Partnership...

 
None Not listed.
Lyons' Sports Club
Sudbury, London
Sudbury is a suburb in the London Boroughs of Brent and Harrow, located in northwest London, UK.Sudbury is an historical area having once extended from the 'South Manor- Sudbury' to the area that is now known as Wembley Central...

 
None Not listed.
Polytechnic Sports Ground
The Polytechnic Stadium
The Polytechnic Stadium in Chiswick, London was the home stadium of rugby league team Fulham RLFC between 1985 and 1990. Before that, it hosted the field hockey prelimiaries for ther 1948 Summer Olympics.-External links:*...

 
None Not listed.
1952 Helsinki
1952 Summer Olympics
The 1952 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Helsinki, Finland in 1952. Helsinki had been earlier given the 1940 Summer Olympics, which were cancelled due to World War II...

 
Velodrome
Helsinki Velodrome
The Helsinki Velodrome is an outdoor velodrome and football stadium in Helsinki, Finland. It was built in 1938–1940 for the 1940 Summer Olympics which were cancelled due to World War II. After the war, it was a venue of the 1952 Summer Olympics for the track cycling and field hockey events.The...

 
Cycling
Cycling at the 1952 Summer Olympics
The cycling competition at the 1952 Summer Olympics consisted of two road cycling events and four track cycling events, all for men only.-Medal summary:-Medal table:...

 (track)
6,000
1956 Melbourne
1956 Summer Olympics
The 1956 Melbourne Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVI Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was held in Melbourne, Australia, in 1956, with the exception of the equestrian events, which could not be held in Australia due to quarantine regulations...

 
Hockey Field  None 21,048
Melbourne Cricket Ground
Melbourne Cricket Ground
The Melbourne Cricket Ground is an Australian sports stadium located in Yarra Park, Melbourne and is home to the Melbourne Cricket Club. It is the tenth largest stadium in the world, the largest in Australia, the largest stadium for playing cricket, and holds the world record for the highest light...

 (final)
Athletics
Athletics at the 1956 Summer Olympics
At the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, 33 athletics events were contested, 24 for men and 9 for women. There were a total number of 720 participating athletes from 61 countries.-Men's events:-Women's events:-Medal table:-References:**...

, Football
Football at the 1956 Summer Olympics
The 1956 Olympic Games football tournament with just 11 competing nations suffered from cancellations. It was an undistinguished tournament that featured mis-matches and walkovers.-Background:...

 (final)
104,000
1960 Rome
1960 Summer Olympics
The 1960 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held from August 25 to September 11, 1960 in Rome, Italy...

 
Campo Tre Fontane
Campo Tre Fontane
Campo Tre Fontane is a sports venue located in Rome, Italy. For the 1960 Summer Olympics, it hosted seven field hockey matches.The camp is part of the Tre Fontane Sports Zone, and is home to S.S. Lazio Hockey Prato.-References:* Volume 1. p. 76....

 
None 5,000
Olympic Velodrome
Olympic Velodrome, Rome
The Olympic Velodrome was a sports venue located in Rome, Italy. Constructed for the 1960 Summer Olympics, it hosted the track cycling and field hockey events.The velodrome was constructed between 1957 and early 1960. It was imploded in July 2008....

 (final)
Cycling
Cycling at the 1960 Summer Olympics
The cycling competition at the 1960 Summer Olympics consisted of two road cycling events and four track cycling events, all for men only.-Medal table:-Medal summary:-References:*...

 (track)
20,000
Stadio dei Marmi
Stadio dei Marmi
The Stadio dei Marmi is a sport stadium in the Foro Italico, a sport complex in Rome, Italy.It was designed in the 1920s as a complement to the annexed Academy of Physical Education , to be used by its students for training. Construction, designed by Enrico Del Debbio, was finished in 1928...

 
None 15,000
1964 Tokyo
1964 Summer Olympics
The 1964 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XVIII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Tokyo, Japan in 1964. Tokyo had been awarded with the organization of the 1940 Summer Olympics, but this honor was subsequently passed to Helsinki because of Japan's...

 
Komazawa Hockey Field
Komazawa Hockey Field
The Komazawa Hockey Field was a venue constructed in Tokyo, Japan for the field hockey competitions of 1964 Summer Olympics. Even though there were three hockey fields, it marked the first time the field hockey was played in one single venue for the Summer Olympics since the 1920 Games.-Hockey...

 
None 2,000 (1st field)
3,400 (2nd field)
2,300 (3rd field)
1968 Mexico City
1968 Summer Olympics
The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City, Mexico in October 1968. The 1968 Games were the first Olympic Games hosted by a developing country, and the first Games hosted by a Spanish-speaking country...

 
Municipal Stadium
Municipal Stadium (Mexico City)
Municipal Stadium is a venue located in the Magdalena Mixhuca Sports City area of Mexico City. The venue hosted the field hockey competitions for the 1968 Summer Olympics....

 
None 7,360
1972 Munich
1972 Summer Olympics
The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany, from August 26 to September 11, 1972....

 
Hockeyanlage  None 21,900
1976 Montreal
1976 Summer Olympics
The 1976 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXI Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1976. Montreal was awarded the rights to the 1976 Games on May 12, 1970, at the 69th IOC Session in Amsterdam, over the bids of Moscow and...

 
Molson Stadium, McGill University  None 19,500
1980 Moscow
1980 Summer Olympics
The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event celebrated in Moscow in the Soviet Union. In addition, the yachting events were held in Tallinn, and some of the preliminary matches and the quarter-finals of the football tournament...

 
Dynamo Central Stadium, Minor Arena
Dynamo Minor Arena (Moscow)
The Dynamo Minor Arena is a sports venue in Moscow, Russia that is located near neighboring Dynamo Stadium. Constructed in 1928, but renovated in 1979 in time for the 1980 Summer Olympics, it hosted the field hockey tournament.-Reference:...

 
None 5,000
Young Pioneers Stadium
Young Pioneers Stadium
The Young Pioneers Stadium was a sports complex in the Soviet Union, intended exclusively for children and youth training, the largest in Europe of this kind. It was located in Moscow...

 (final)
None 5,000
1984 Los Angeles
1984 Summer Olympics
The 1984 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIII Olympiad, was an international multi-sport event held in Los Angeles, California, United States in 1984...

 
Weingart Stadium
Weingart Stadium
Weingart Stadium is a 20,355-seat multipurpose stadium located at East Los Angeles College, in Monterey Park, California. It was built in 1951 at a cost of $3.1 million, and following renovations in 1984 it was renamed....

 
None 22,000
1988 Seoul
1988 Summer Olympics
The 1988 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIV Olympiad, were an all international multi-sport events celebrated from September 17 to October 2, 1988 in Seoul, South Korea. They were the second summer Olympic Games to be held in Asia and the first since the 1964 Summer Olympics...

 
Seongnam Stadium  None 23,262
1992 Barcelona
1992 Summer Olympics
The 1992 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXV Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event celebrated in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, in 1992. The International Olympic Committee voted in 1986 to separate the Summer and Winter Games, which had been held in the same...

 
Estadi Olímpic de Terrassa
Estadi Olímpic de Terrassa
Estadi Olímpic de Terrassa is a stadium in Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain. It is currently used for football matches and is the home stadium of Terrassa FC. The stadium holds 11,500 spectators....

 
None 10,200
1996 Atlanta
1996 Summer Olympics
The 1996 Summer Olympics of Atlanta, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, was an international multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia, United States....

 
Clark Atlanta University Stadium  None 5,000
Morris Brown College Stadium
Herndon Stadium
Alonzo Herndon Stadium, named for Alonzo Herndon, is a 15,011-seat stadium on the campus of Morris Brown College in Atlanta, Georgia, United States. It is the only two-sided stadium in the Atlanta University Center. It is one block over from the locally known Herndon Home, and sits above the MARTA...

 (final)
None 15,000
2000 Sydney
2000 Summer Olympics
The Sydney 2000 Summer Olympic Games or the Millennium Games/Games of the New Millennium, officially known as the Games of the XXVII Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event which was celebrated between 15 September and 1 October 2000 in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia...

 
State Hockey Centre  None 15,000
2004 Athens
2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was a premier international multi-sport event held in Athens, Greece from August 13 to August 29, 2004 with the motto Welcome Home. 10,625 athletes competed, some 600 more than expected, accompanied by 5,501 team...

 
Olympic Hockey Centre
Helliniko Olympic Hockey Centre
The Helliniko Olympic Hockey Centre was the site of the field hockey events at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens. Located in the Helliniko Olympic Complex, the facility consists of two hockey fields...

 
None 20,000
2008 Beijing
2008 Summer Olympics
The 2008 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, was a major international multi-sport event that took place in Beijing, China, from August 8 to August 24, 2008. A total of 11,028 athletes from 204 National Olympic Committees competed in 28 sports and 302 events...

 
Olympic Green Hockey Field
Olympic Green Hockey Field
The Olympic Green Hockey Field was one of nine temporary venues used for the 2008 Summer Olympics. It hosted the field hockey competitions during those games....

 
None 17,000
2012 London
2012 Summer Olympics
The 2012 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the "London 2012 Olympic Games", are scheduled to take place in London, England, United Kingdom from 27 July to 12 August 2012...

 
Olympic Hockey Centre
Olympic Hockey Centre (London)
London's Olympic Hockey Centre will be built in the Olympic Park at Hackney in east London, United Kingdom. It will have two venues for the Olympic hockey competition at the 2012 Summer Olympics with capacities of 15,000 and 5,000 respectively, and venues for the Paralympic football seven-a-side...

 
None 16,000
2016 Rio de Janeiro
2016 Summer Olympics
The 2016 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXXI Olympiad, are a major international multi-sport event to be celebrated in the tradition of the Olympic Games, as governed by the International Olympic Committee...

 
Olympic Hockey Center
Olympic Hockey Center
The Olympic Hockey Center is a sports venue that will be constructed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It will host the field hockey competitions for the 2016 Summer Olympics, and the football 5-a-side and football 7-a-side for the 2016 Summer Paralympics.-Reference:...

None 15,000
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