List of Red Dwarf episodes
Encyclopedia
This is a list of television episodes from the BBC
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...

's cult sci-fi
Science fiction
Science fiction is a genre of fiction dealing with imaginary but more or less plausible content such as future settings, futuristic science and technology, space travel, aliens, and paranormal abilities...

 sitcom
Situation comedy
A situation comedy, often shortened to sitcom, is a genre of comedy that features characters sharing the same common environment, such as a home or workplace, accompanied with jokes as part of the dialogue...

 Red Dwarf
Red Dwarf
Red Dwarf is a British comedy franchise which primarily comprises eight series of a television science fiction sitcom that aired on BBC Two between 1988 and 1999 and Dave from 2009–present. It gained cult following. It was created by Rob Grant and Doug Naylor, who also wrote the first six series...

. There are eight series plus specials, 55 episodes in total. The first six series were written by co-creators Rob Grant
Rob Grant
Robert Grant is a British comedy writer and television producer, who was born in Salford and studied Psychology at Liverpool University for two years....

 and Doug Naylor
Doug Naylor
Douglas R. Naylor is a British comedy writer, science fiction writer, director and television producer.Naylor was born in Manchester, England and studied at the University of Liverpool. In the mid-1980s, Naylor wrote two regular comedy sketch shows for BBC Radio 4 entitled Cliché and Son of Cliché...

, while Series VII and VIII were written by Naylor with collaborations from other writers. Series I and II were produced by Paul Jackson Productions (Executive Producers were Paul Jackson and Doug Naylor for Series I, with Grant Naylor Productions taking over from Series III) for BBC North
BBC North
BBC North is a brand used by the BBC to mean any of the following.*The large BBC North region, centred on Manchester, that was active from the late 1920s until 1968....

, and broadcast on BBC2. The series first aired on 15 February 1988 and ended on 5 April 1999 after eight series
Television program
A television program , also called television show, is a segment of content which is intended to be broadcast on television. It may be a one-time production or part of a periodically recurring series...

. The eight series are available on DVD
DVD
A DVD is an optical disc storage media format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than Compact Discs while having the same dimensions....

 and the eight series and the three special episodes are available in the US via Netflix
Netflix
Netflix, Inc., is an American provider of on-demand internet streaming media in the United States, Canada, and Latin America and flat rate DVD-by-mail in the United States. The company was established in 1997 and is headquartered in Los Gatos, California...

's "Watch Instantly" Internet video streaming service.

The main setting of the series is the eponymous mining spaceship Red Dwarf which is 6 miles (9.7 km) long, 5 miles (8 km) tall, and 4 miles (6.4 km) wide. In the first episode, an on-board radiation leak of cadmium II
Cadmium
Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Similar to zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and similar to mercury it shows a low...

 kills everyone except for low-ranking technician Dave Lister
Dave Lister
David "Dave" Lister, commonly referred to simply as Lister, is a fictional character from the British science fiction situation comedy Red Dwarf, portrayed by Craig Charles...

, who is in Suspended animation
Suspended animation
Suspended animation is the slowing of life processes by external means without termination. Breathing, heartbeat, and other involuntary functions may still occur, but they can only be detected by artificial means. Extreme cold can be used to precipitate the slowing of an individual's functions; use...

 at the time, and his pregnant cat, Frankenstein, who is safely sealed in the cargo hold. Following the accident, the ship's computer Holly
Holly (Red Dwarf)
Holly is the ship's computer on the science fiction situation comedy Red Dwarf.The character is played by Norman Lovett in Series I and II and, following a "head sex change" to look like his parallel universe alter ego "Hilly", played by Hattie Hayridge in the series 3 episode Backwards, is female...

 has to keep Lister in stasis until the background radiation dies down — a process that takes three million years. Lister therefore emerges as the last human being in the universe — but not the only life form on-board the ship. His former bunkmate and immediate superior Arnold Rimmer
Arnold Rimmer
Arnold Judas Rimmer is a fictional character in the science fiction situation comedy Red Dwarf, played by Chris Barrie. He is unpopular with his crew mates, and is often the target of insults or pranks...

 is resurrected by Holly as a hologram
Volumetric display
A volumetric display device is a graphical display device that forms a visual representation of an object in three physical dimensions, as opposed to the planar image of traditional screens that simulate depth through a number of different visual effects...

 to keep Lister sane, while a creature known only as Cat
Cat (Red Dwarf)
The Cat is a character in the British science fiction sitcom Red Dwarf. He is played by Danny John-Jules.-Character development:According to Danny John-Jules, the character of Cat is based on a combination of Little Richard's look, James Brown's moves and Richard Pryor's facial...

 is the last known surviving member of Felis sapiens, a race of humanoids that evolved in the ship's hold from Lister's cat, Frankenstein, and her kittens during the millions of years that Lister was in stasis.

The main plot of the series is Lister's desire to go back to Earth. As they journey through space, the crew encounters such phenomena as time distortions, faster than light travel, mutant diseases and strange life-forms that developed in the intervening millions of years. During the second series, the crew encounter a sanitation mechanoid called Kryten
Kryten
Kryten is a fictional character in the British science fiction situation comedy Red Dwarf. Kryten's registration code on Red Dwarf is "Kryten additional 001". The name Kryten is a reference to the head butler in the J.M...

, who joins them. At the end of series five, the Red Dwarf ship is stolen from the crew, forcing them to travel in the smaller Starbug craft for the subsequent two series. Rimmer departs the crew to take up the role of his alter-ego from a parallel universe, Ace Rimmer. Shortly afterwards, the crew discover a parallel gateway to another universe with versions of themselves in which Kristine Kochanski
Kristine Kochanski
Kristine Z. Kochanski is a fictional character from the British science fiction situation comedy Red Dwarf. Kochanski was the first console officer in the navigation chamber on board the spaceship Red Dwarf...

, Lister's former love interest, was the person put into stasis becoming the last remaining human. Red Dwarf is found in Series VIII and the entire crew of the ship — including a pre-accident Rimmer — are resurrected, but the Starbug crew find themselves sentenced to two years in the ship's brig
Brig
A brig is a sailing vessel with two square-rigged masts. During the Age of Sail, brigs were seen as fast and manoeuvrable and were used as both naval warships and merchant vessels. They were especially popular in the 18th and early 19th centuries...

 on a set of convoluted charges. The final episode (of the regular series) ends with Red Dwarf being eaten away by a mystery virus. The crew have all abandoned ship, save for Rimmer who is left stranded alone to face Death
Death (personification)
The concept of death as a sentient entity has existed in many societies since the beginning of history. In English, Death is often given the name Grim Reaper and, from the 15th century onwards, came to be shown as a skeletal figure carrying a large scythe and clothed in a black cloak with a hood...

 (who he has just kicked in the groin).

Series

During 2002-06 the eight series were released on DVD in North America, Europe, Australia, Central and South America (Region 1, 2 and 4), with each release from Series III onward being accompanied by an original documentary about the making of each respective series, and a bonus disc of extra material.
Series Episodes Originally Broadcast DVD release date
Region 1 Region 2 Region 4
I 6 15 February — 21 March 1988 25 February 2003 4 November 2002 3 December 2002
II 6 6 September — 11 October 1988 25 February 2003 10 February 2003 1 April 2003
III 6 14 November — 19 December 1989 3 February 2004 3 November 2003 18 November 2003
IV 6 14 February — 21 March 1991 3 February 2004 16 February 2004 9 March 2004
V 6 20 February — 26 March 1992 15 March 2005 8 November 2004 1 December 2004
VI 6 7 October — 11 November 1993 15 March 2005 21 February 2005 6 April 2005
VII 8 17 January — 7 March 1997 10 January 2006 7 November 2005 1 December 2005
VIII 8 18 February — 5 April 1999 2 May 2006 27 March 2006 20 April 2006
Back to Earth 3 10 April — 12 April 2009 6 October 2009 15 June 2009 17 December 2009

Series I (1988)

The pilot script was written in 1983; the writing duo team of Grant and Naylor handed the finished script to their agent Paul Jackson
Paul Jackson (producer)
Kevin Paul Jackson , credited as Paul Jackson; sometimes as K. Paul Jackson, is a British television director, producer and executive.-Career in television:...

 who had trouble convincing the BBC to take on the series. Three years after the initial rejections, the script was accepted by BBC North West. The series almost did not happen due to an electricians strike at the BBC in 1987 which prevented filming and the project was shelved. Filming eventually went ahead after the industrial action was resolved.
#|Writer(s)|Original Air Date #|Writer(s)|Original Air DateStar Wars
Star Wars
Star Wars is an American epic space opera film series created by George Lucas. The first film in the series was originally released on May 25, 1977, under the title Star Wars, by 20th Century Fox, and became a worldwide pop culture phenomenon, followed by two sequels, released at three-year...

 movies. The loose ends included the return of Kryten, Lister being pregnant, delivering twins Jim and Bexley, who grow up in a matter of days, then wind up in the parallel universe with the female version of Lister.

The regular cast changed for Series III: Robert Llewellyn came in as Kryten, and Hattie Hayridge
Hattie Hayridge
Hattie Hayridge is a British stand-up comedienne and actress, best known for the role of the female version of Holly in Red Dwarf during the third, fourth and fifth series, along with the role of Hilly in Parallel Universe, the final episode of the second series.After graduating from the...

 replaced the departing Lovett. Craig Charles, Chris Barrie and Danny John-Jules remained as Lister, Rimmer and Cat respectively.

The character of Kryten
Kryten
Kryten is a fictional character in the British science fiction situation comedy Red Dwarf. Kryten's registration code on Red Dwarf is "Kryten additional 001". The name Kryten is a reference to the head butler in the J.M...

 was originally intended as a one-off appearance in the series-two episode "Kryten
Kryten (Red Dwarf episode)
"Kryten" is the seventh episode from science fiction sit-com Red Dwarf, the first from series two, and was first broadcast on BBC2 on 6 September 1988. Written by Rob Grant and Doug Naylor, and directed by Ed Bye, this episode introduced the mechanoid character Kryten...

", but had returned mainly to broaden the story potential. The show was becoming difficult to write for. At the insistence of Naylor, Kryten returned to complete the team. They had approached David Ross
David Ross (actor)
David Ross is an English actor who has worked in theatre, cinema, and television.His best-known roles include playing the first appearance of Kryten and the voice of the Talkie Toaster on the science fiction comedy series Red Dwarf, Elgin on the BBC sitcom The Green Green Grass, and as Mr...

 with the intention of bringing him back to play the regular role of Kryten. Ross, however, was in a stage play Flea In Her Ear and was not available, so they went to see Robert Llewellyn
Robert Llewellyn
Robert Llewellyn is an English actor, presenter, and writer. He is best known as the mechanoid Kryten in the hit sitcom Red Dwarf, and for his role as presenter of Scrapheap Challenge.-Early career:...

. Llewellyn was also in a stage show called Mammon, playing a robot. They saw his performance and were impressed.
#|Writer(s)|Original Air DateManchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...

 undergoing refurbishment, the recording of Series IV moved to Shepperton Studios
Shepperton Studios
Shepperton Studios is a film studio in Shepperton, Surrey, England with a history dating back to 1931 since when many notable films have been made there...

. Series IV was not broadcast as originally intended. The BBC had decided to start off with the romantic story of "Camille" for Valentine's Day
Valentine's Day
Saint Valentine's Day, commonly shortened to Valentine's Day, is an annual commemoration held on February 14 celebrating love and affection between intimate companions. The day is named after one or more early Christian martyrs named Saint Valentine, and was established by Pope Gelasius I in 496...

. The Gulf War outbreak also affected the series running order as both the anti-war "Meltdown" and heroic Ace Rimmer's "Dimension Jump" episodes were postponed.
#|Writer(s)|Original Air DateRuby Wax
Ruby Wax
Ruby Wax is a BAFTA nominated American comedian who made a career in the United Kingdom as part of the alternative comedy scene in the 1980s.-Early life:...

's television show The Full Wax. New director Juliet May
Juliet May
Juliet May is a British television director. She has directed a variety of television shows, including Challenge Anneka, Dalziel and Pascoe, Hope and Glory New Tricks and the award-winning Miranda....

 found it hard to work with the science fiction elements of the series and left before the series had completed. The remaining episodes were directed by Grant and Naylor.
#|Writer(s)|Original Air Datestory arc
Story arc
A story arc is an extended or continuing storyline in episodic storytelling media such as television, comic books, comic strips, boardgames, video games, and in some cases, films. On a television program, for example, the story would unfold over many episodes. In television, the use of the story...

 was introduced and followed throughout the episodes leading up to the series cliffhanger.
#|Writer(s)|Original Air DateChloë Annett
Chloë Annett
Chloë Victoria Annett is an English actress, best known for her role in series 7 and 8 of the British sitcom Red Dwarf.-Early life and family:...

) was brought back as a regular character.

Changes to the show itself was evident with the mix of science fiction and sit-com episodes throughout. This was an attempt by Naylor to move away from the 'monster of the week' format that he felt Series VI suffered from. Ed Bye also returned to direct the series after leaving due to scheduling clashes during Series V. The studio audience was now removed from the series and, much like feature length films, the episodes were mostly shot using one camera. Episodes were still videotaped, but were digitally processed to look like film, and although there was no live audience, a laughter track was later recorded at a screening of the episodes before an audience.
#|Writer(s)|Original Air DateUnited States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 on selected PBS
Public Broadcasting Service
The Public Broadcasting Service is an American non-profit public broadcasting television network with 354 member TV stations in the United States which hold collective ownership. Its headquarters is in Arlington, Virginia....

 stations before they were aired in the UK.
#|Writer(s)|Original Air Date
The status of the three episodes as a "series" is unclear. Several reviews and websites refer to "Back to Earth" as Series IX, though the official DVD release and promotional material for the reunion make no reference to this. In a press release, Dave confirmed the 2012 series of Red Dwarf will be referred to as Series X meaning "Back to Earth" is considered Series IX.
#|Writer|Original Air Date

Dad

This would have been the opening episode to Series III. It was to be a direct continuation of the earlier episode "Parallel Universe" (the last episode of Series II), and would deal primarily with Lister's pregnancy. The idea was ultimately rejected by Grant and Naylor who felt that the script was unfunny and possibly sexist. The events were referenced in the pre-title sequence of the episode "Backwards".

Identity Within

This episode was going to be in Series VII but was replaced by "Duct Soup" for budgetary reasons. A reconstructed version of the episode, performed by Chris Barrie (who does the voices), appears on the Series VII DVD release.
The Cat is fatally ill, with only one cure: he has to have sex
Sex
In biology, sex is a process of combining and mixing genetic traits, often resulting in the specialization of organisms into a male or female variety . Sexual reproduction involves combining specialized cells to form offspring that inherit traits from both parents...

. They travel to a GELF village, where a female cat called Aura is being held prisoner for auction. Lister, Rimmer and Kryten have to save Aura and get her to fall in love with the Cat before he dies from being a virgin.

The Movie

Since Series VIII ended in 1999, Doug Naylor has been attempting to make a feature length version of the show. A script has been written, by Naylor, and flyers began circulating around certain websites. The flyer outlined the movie's plot, set in the distant future where Homo Sapienoids - a fearsome flesh-machine hybrid race - had taken over the solar system and were wiping out the human race. Spaceships that tried to escape Earth were hunted down until only one remained... Red Dwarf. Pre-production began in 2004 and filming was planned for 2005. However, sufficient funding has not been forthcoming and production was put on hold.

External links

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