List of Russian Field Marshals
Encyclopedia
The following sixty-four officers held the rank of Field Marshal
during the Russian Empire
. For post-1917 marshals, see Marshal of the Soviet Union
.
The title of Russian Field Marshal was also bestowed on several foreign citizens:
Field Marshal
Field Marshal is a military rank. Traditionally, it is the highest military rank in an army.-Etymology:The origin of the rank of field marshal dates to the early Middle Ages, originally meaning the keeper of the king's horses , from the time of the early Frankish kings.-Usage and hierarchical...
during the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
. For post-1917 marshals, see Marshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union
Marshal of the Soviet Union was the de facto highest military rank of the Soviet Union. ....
.
| Year | Name | Dates |
|---|---|---|
| 1700 | Count Fedor Golovin Fedor Golovin Count Feodor Alekseyevich Golovin was the last Russian boyar and the first Russian chancellor, field marshal, general admiral . Until his death he was the most influential of Peter the Great's associates.... |
1650–1706 |
| 1701 | Count Boris Sheremetev | 1652–1719 |
| 1709 | Prince Alexander Menshikov Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov was a Russian statesman, whose official titles included Generalissimus, Prince of the Russian Empire and Duke of Izhora , Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Duke of Cosel. A highly appreciated associate and friend of Tsar Peter the Great, he was the de facto ruler of... |
1673–1729 |
| 1725 | Prince Anikita Repnin Anikita Repnin Prince Anikita Ivanovich Repnin was a prominent Russian general during the Great Northern War who superintended the taking of Riga in 1710 and served as the Governor of Livland from 1719 until his death.... |
1668–1726 |
| 1725 | Prince Mikhail Galitzine | 1675–1730 |
| 1726 | Count Jacob Bruce Jacob Bruce Jacob Daniel Bruce was a Russian statesman, military leader and scientist of self-claimed Scottish descent , one of the associates of Peter the Great. According to his own record, his ancestors had lived in Russia since 1649.... |
1670–1735 |
| 1728 | Prince Ivan Trubetskoy Ivan Trubetskoy Ivan Yurievich Trubetskoy was a Russian Field Marshal, promoted in 1728. He was a member of the inner circle of Tsar Peter I of Russia and husband to a daughter of Fyodor Golovin. Made a boyar in 1692, Trubetskoy commanded part of the Russian fleet during the Azov campaigns in 1696. In 1699, he... |
1667–1750 |
| 1728 | Prince Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov Prince Vasili Vladimirovich Dolgorukov Prince Vasili Vladimirovich Dolgorukov was a Russian commander and politician, promoted Field Marshal in 1728... |
1667–1746 |
| 1732 | Count Burkhard von Munnich Burkhard Christoph von Munnich Count Burkhard Christoph von Münnich was a Danish-born German soldier-engineer who became a field marshal and political figure in the Russian Empire. He was the major Russian Army reformer and founder of several elite military formations during the reign of Anna of Russia. As a statesman, he is... |
1683–1767 |
| 1736 | Count Peter von Lacy Peter Lacy Count Peter von Lacy, or Pyotr Petrovich Lacy , as he was known in Russia , was one of the most successful Russian imperial commanders before Rumyantsev and Suvorov... |
1678–1751 |
| 1756 | Stepan Apraksin Stepan Fedorovich Apraksin Stepan Fedorovich Apraksin , a relative of Fyodor M. Apraksin, commanded the Russian armies during the Seven Years' War. He should not be confused with his son Stepan Stepanovich Apraksin, who had a notable military career in the service of Catherine the Great.... |
1702–1758 |
| 1756 | Count Alexander Buturlin Alexander Buturlin Count Alexander Borisovich Buturlin was a Russian general and courtier whose career was much furthered by his good looks and personal affection of Empress Elizabeth.... |
1694–1767 |
| 1756 | Count Alexei Razumovsky Alexey Razumovsky Count Alexei Grigorievich Razumovsky , was a Ukrainian Cossack who rose to become lover and, the morganatic spouse of the Russian Empress Elizaveta Petrovna.- Early life :... |
1709–1771 |
| 1759 | Count Pyotr Saltykov Pyotr Saltykov Count Pyotr Semyonovich Saltykov was a Russian statesman and a military figure, russian general-fieldmarshal , son of Semyon Saltykov.... |
1698–1772 |
| 1761 | Count Alexander Ivanovich Shuvalov | 1710–1771 |
| 1761 | Count Pyotr Ivanovich Shuvalov | 1711–1762 |
| 1762 | Count Alexei Bestuzhev-Ruymin Aleksei Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin Count Alexey Petrovich Bestuzhev-Ryumin , Grand Chancellor of Russia, was one of the most influential and successful European diplomats of the 18th century. He was chiefly responsible for Russian foreign policy during the reign of Empress Elizaveta Petrovna.-Early life and career:Alexey was born... |
1693–1766 |
| 1762 | Prince Nikita Trubetskoy Nikita Trubetskoy Prince Nikita Yurievich Trubetskoy was a Russian statesman and Field Marshal , minister of defense of Russia 1760.... |
1699–1769 |
| 1764 | Count Kirill Razumovsky Kirill Razumovsky Count Kirill Grigorievich Razumovsky was a Ukrainian Registered Cossack from the Kozelets regiment in north-eastern Ukraine, who served as the last Hetman of Left- and Right-Bank Ukraine until 1764; Razumovsky was subsequently elected Hetman of the sovereign Zaporozhian Host in 1759, a position... |
1728–1803 |
| 1769 | Prince Alexander Galitzine | 1718–1783 |
| 1770 | Count Pyotr Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky | 1725–1796 |
| 1773 | Count Zakhar Chernyshyov | 1722–1784 |
| 1784 | Prince Grigori Potemkin Grigori Alexandrovich Potemkin Prince Grigory Aleksandrovich Potemkin-Tavricheski was a Russian military leader, statesman, nobleman and favorite of Catherine the Great. He died during negotiations over the Treaty of Jassy, which ended a war with the Ottoman Empire that he had overseen.... |
1739–1791 |
| 1794 | Prince Aleksander Suvorov Alexander Suvorov Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov , Count Suvorov of Rymnik, Prince in Italy, Count of the Holy Roman Empire , was the fourth and last generalissimo of the Russian Empire.One of the few great generals in history who never lost a battle along with the likes of Alexander... |
1729–1800 |
| 1796 | Count Ivan Saltykov | 1730–1805 |
| 1796 | Prince Nicholas Repnin Nicholas Repnin Prince Nikolai Vasilyevich Repnin was an Imperial Russian statesman and general from the Repnin princely family who played a key role in the dissolution of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.- Rule of Poland :... |
1734–1801 |
| 1796 | Prince Nikolay Saltykov Nikolay Saltykov Count Nikolay Ivanovich Saltykov , a member of the Saltykov royal family, was a Russian Field Marshal and imperial courtier.... |
1736–1816 |
| 1796 | Prince Alexander Prozorovsky Alexander Prozorovsky Prince Alexander Alexandrovich Prozorovsky was the only Field Marshal from the Prozorovsky family.He gained distinction in the Seven Years' War and the conquest of Crimea. Prozorovsky's career was furthered by his maternal Galitzine relatives, who helped him to get appointed to the office of... |
1732–1809 |
| 1796 | Count Ivan Chernyshyov | 1726–1797 |
| 1797 | Count Mikhail Kamensky Mikhail Kamensky Count Mikhail Fedotovich Kamensky was a Russian Field Marshal prominent in the Catherinian wars and the Napoleonic campaigns.... |
1738–1809 |
| 1807 | Count Ivan Gudovich Ivan Gudovich Count Ivan Vasilyevich Gudovich was a Russian noble and military leader of Ukrainian descent. His exploits included the capture of Khadjibey and the conquest of maritime Dagestan .... |
1741–1820 |
| 1813 | Prince Mikhail Golenischev-Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich Kutuzov Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov was a Field Marshal of the Russian Empire. He served as one of the finest military officers and diplomats of Russia under the reign of three Romanov Tsars: Catherine II, Paul I and Alexander I... |
1745–1813 |
| 1814 | Prince Mikhail Barclay de Tolly Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly Prince Michael Andreas Barclay de Tolly , was a Russian Field Marshal and Minister of War during Napoleon's invasion in 1812 and War of the Sixth Coalition.-Early life:... |
1761–1818 |
| 1825 | Prince Fabian Gottlieb von Osten-Sacken | 1752–1837 |
| 1826 | Prince Peter Wittgenstein Peter Wittgenstein Ludwig Adolph Peter, Prince Wittgenstein was a Russian Field Marshal distinguished for his services in the Napoleonic wars.-Life:... |
1769–1843 |
| 1829 | Prince Ivan Paskevich Ivan Paskevich Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich was a Ukrainian-born military leader. For his victories, he was made Count of Erivan in 1828 and Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland in 1831... |
1782–1856 |
| 1829 | Count Hans Karl von Diebitsch-Zabalkansky Hans Karl von Diebitsch Count Hans Karl Friedrich Anton von Diebitsch und Narden was a German-born soldier serving as Russian Field Marshal.... |
1785–1831 |
| 1850 | Prince Pyotr Volkonsky Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky Knyaz/ Prince Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky ) , Russian military commander, General-Field Marshal , Adjutant General to Alexander I, member of the State Council , His Serene Highness Knyaz/Prince .Pyotr Mikhailovich Volkonsky was born in Saint Petersburg in 1776... |
1776–1852 |
| 1856 | Prince Mikhail Vorontsov Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov , was a Russian prince and field-marshal, renowned for his success in the Napoleonic wars, and most famous for his participation in the Caucasian War from 1844 to 1853.... |
1782–1856 |
| 1859 | Prince Alexander Baryatinsky Aleksandr Baryatinskiy Aleksandr Ivanovich Baryatinsky , Russian General and Field Marshal , Prince, governor of the Caucasus.Baryatinsky entered the school of the ensigns of the Guard in his seventeenth year and, on November 8, 1833, received his commission of cornet in the Life Guards of the future Tsar Alexander II... |
1815–1879 |
| 1865 | Count Friedrich Wilhelm Berg Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg Count Friedrich Wilhelm Rembert von Berg was a Russian Field Marshal, and the Governor-General of Finland from 1855 to 1861.... |
1793–1874 |
| 1878 | Grand Duke Nikolas Nikolaevich | 1831–1891 |
| 1878 | Grand Duke Mikhail Nikolaevich | 1832–1909 |
| 1894 | Count Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko Joseph Vladimirovich Gourko Count Iosif Vladimirovich Romeyko-Gurko , also known as Joseph or Ossip Gourko, was a Russian Field Marshal prominent during the Russo-Turkish War .... |
1828–1901 |
| 1898 | Count Dmitry Milyutin Dmitry Milyutin Count Dmitry Alekseyevich Milyutin was Minister of War and the last Field Marshal of Imperial Russia... |
1816–1912 |
The title of Russian Field Marshal was also bestowed on several foreign citizens:
| Year | Name | Dates |
|---|---|---|
| 1700 | Charles Eugène, Duc de Croy Charles Eugène de Croÿ Charles Eugène de Croÿ was a field marshal and duke from the House of Croÿ.His father was Jacques Philippe de Croÿ-Roeulx , a descendant of Jean III of Croy-Roeulx, son of Antoine le Grand.... |
1651–1702 |
| 1761 | Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck Friedrich Karl Ludwig, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck Friedrich Karl Ludwig of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck was the fifth and penultimate Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck... |
1757–1816 |
| 1774 |  Louis IX of Hesse-DarmstadtLouis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt was the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1768 - 1790. He was a son of Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg.... |
1719–1790 |
| 1815 |  Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of WellingtonArthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS , was an Irish-born British soldier and statesman, and one of the leading military and political figures of the 19th century... |
1769–1852 |
| 1836 |  Josef Graf zu Radetzky von RadetzJoseph Radetzky von Radetz Johann Josef Wenzel Graf Radetzky von Radetz was a Czech nobleman and Austrian general, immortalised by Johann Strauss I's Radetzky March... |
1766–1858 |
| 1837 | Archduke Johann of Austria Archduke Johann of Austria Archduke John of Austria was a member of the Habsburg dynasty, an Austrian field marshal and German Imperial regent .-Biography:... |
1782–1859 |
| 1871 |  Helmuth Graf von MoltkeHelmuth von Moltke the Elder Helmuth Karl Bernhard Graf von Moltke was a German Field Marshal. The chief of staff of the Prussian Army for thirty years, he is regarded as one of the great strategists of the latter 19th century, and the creator of a new, more modern method of directing armies in the field... |
1800–1891 |
| 1872 | Archduke Albrecht of Austria Archduke Albert, Duke of Teschen Archduke Albrecht Friedrich Rudolf Dominik of Austria, Duke of Teschen was an Austrian Habsburg general. Inspector General for 36 years, he was honored with the rank of Field Marshal in the armies of Austria-Hungary and Germany .-Early life:He was the eldest son of Archduke Charles of Austria,... |
1817–1895 |
| 1872 | Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia Frederick III, German Emperor Frederick III was German Emperor and King of Prussia for 99 days in 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors. Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl known informally as Fritz, was the only son of Emperor William I and was raised in his family's tradition of military service... |
1831–1888 |
| 1910 |  King Nicholas I of MontenegroNicholas I of Montenegro Nikola I Mirkov Petrović-Njegoš was the only king of Montenegro, reigning as king from 1910 to 1918 and as prince from 1860 to 1910. He was also a poet, notably penning "Onamo, 'namo!", a popular song from Montenegro.-Early life:Nikola was born in the village of Njeguši, the ancient home of the... |
1841–1921 |
| 1912 |  King Carol I of RomaniaCarol I of Romania Carol I , born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was reigning prince and then King of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected prince of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup... |
1839–1914 |