List of Solanum species
Encyclopedia
This is a list of species in the botanical genus Solanum
. There are approximately 1500 species that occur in Central
and North America
, Australia
and Africa
. Some former Solanum species are now included in the genus Lycianthes
. The list is incomplete.
Solanum
Solanum, the nightshades, horsenettles and relatives, is a large and diverse genus of annual and perennial plants. They grow as forbs, vines, subshrubs, shrubs, and small trees, and often have attractive fruit and flowers. Many formerly independent genera like Lycopersicon or Cyphomandra are...
. There are approximately 1500 species that occur in Central
Central America
Central America is the central geographic region of the Americas. It is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with South America on the southeast. When considered part of the unified continental model, it is considered a subcontinent...
and North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
. Some former Solanum species are now included in the genus Lycianthes
Lycianthes
Lycianthes is a genus of plants from the nightshade family , found in both the Old World and the New World, but predominantly in the latter. It contains roughly 200 species, mostly from tropical America, with 35-40 species in Asia and the Pacific.-Characteristics:Lycianthes is apparently closely...
. The list is incomplete.
- Solanum adscendensSolanum adscendensSolanum adscendens, the Sonoita nightshade, is a plant native to the Americas. It has been found in Mexico, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Corrientes in Argentina, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, and Texas and Arizona in the...
– Sonoita Nightshade - Solanum albornoziiSolanum albornoziiSolanum albornozii is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum americanumSolanum americanumAmerican nightshade is a herbaceous flowering plant of wide though uncertain native range. The certain native range encompasses the tropics and subtropics of the Americas, Melanesia and Meganesia...
– American Nightshade, American Black Nightshade, Glossy Nightshade - Solanum amygdalifolium Steud.
- Solanum arcanum Peralta – "wild tomato"
- Solanum aviculare – Poroporo (New Zealand), Kangaroo Apple (Australia)
- Solanum bellumSolanum bellumSolanum bellum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum betaceum – Tree tomato, tamarillo
- Solanum bukasovii Juz. ex Rybin
- Solanum bulbocastanumSolanum bulbocastanumSolanum bulbocastanum is a plant in the Solanaceae family, native to Mexico and parts of the U.S. Southwest. It is closely related to the potato and, as it has evolved strong resistance to all known varieties of potato blight, has been used to genetically engineer resistance into the cultivated...
– Ornamental Nightshade - Solanum bullatumSolanum bullatumSolanum bullatum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil.-Source:* Carvalho, L.d'A.F. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum burtoniiSolanum burtoniiSolanum burtonii is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum cajanumenseSolanum cajanumenseSolanum cajanumense is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru....
- Solanum cardiophyllum – Heart-leaved Nightshade
- Solanum centrale – bush tomato (Central Australia)
- Solanum cheesmaniae (L.Riley) Fosberg
- Solanum chenopodioides Lam. – Goosefoot Nightshade, Slender Nightshade (including S. gracilius)
- Solanum chilliasenseSolanum chilliasenseSolanum chilliasense is a species of nightshade that is endemic to Ecuador....
- Solanum chimborazenseSolanum chimborazenseSolanum chimborazense is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum chrysasteroidesSolanum chrysasteroidesSolanum chrysasteroides is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum cinnamomeumSolanum cinnamomeumSolanum cinnamomeum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil.-Source:* Carvalho, L.d'A.F. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum commersonii Dunal – Commerson's Nightshade
- Solanum conocarpum Rich. ex Dunal – Marron Bacoba
- Solanum cremastanthemumSolanum cremastanthemumSolanum cremastanthemum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum crispumSolanum crispumSolanum crispum is a species of nightshade that is native to Chile and Peru. Common names include Chilean Potato Vine, Chilean Nightshade Chilean Potato Tree, and Potato Vine. It belongs to the same genus as the potato . The flowers resemble potato flowers...
– Chilean Potato Vine, Chilean Nightshade, Chilean Potato Tree - Solanum davisense Whalen – Davis' Horsenettle
- Solanum demissum Lindl. – Dwarf Wild Potato
- Solanum densepilosulumSolanum densepilosulumSolanum densepilosulum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllumSolanum diphyllum, commonly known as the twoleaf nightshade, is a species of nightshade native to the Americas. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant for its clusters of dark green round fruits that turn a bright yellow when ripe.-Taxonomy:...
L. – Twin-leaved nightshade - Solanum dolichorhachisSolanum dolichorhachisSolanum dolichorhachis is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum donianum Walp. – Mullein Nightshade
- Solanum douglasiiSolanum douglasiiSolanum douglasii is a species of nightshade known by the common name greenspot nightshade. It is native to the northern half of Mexico and the southwestern south-central United States. Its habitat includes scrub and woodland. It is a perennial herb or subshrub approaching two meters in maximum...
Dunal – Green-spotted Nightshade - Solanum dulcamaraSolanum dulcamaraSolanum dulcamara, also known as bittersweet, bittersweet nightshade, bitter nightshade, blue bindweed, Amara Dulcis, climbing nightshade, fellenwort, felonwood, poisonberry, poisonflower, scarlet berry, snakeberry, trailing bittersweet, trailing nightshade, violet bloom, or woody...
– Bittersweet - Solanum erianthumSolanum erianthumSolanum erianthum is a species of nightshade that is native to southern North America and northern South America. It has been introduced to other parts of the world and has a nearly pantropical distribution. Common names include Potato Tree, Mullein Nightshade , Velvet Nightshade, and...
D.Don – Potato Tree, Mullein Nightshade - Solanum fallaxSolanum fallaxSolanum fallax is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum feroxSolanum feroxSolanum ferox is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is found in Indonesia. Common name in English is Hairy-fruited eggplant....
L. – Hairy-fruited Eggplant, Thai Hairy-fruited Eggplant - Solanum fortunenseSolanum fortunenseSolanum fortunense is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum furcatumSolanum furcatumSolanum furcatum is a species of nightshade known by the common name forked nightshade. It is native to South America. It is known elsewhere as an introduced species. The berries are toxic and can be fatal to humans if ingested.-External links:*...
– Forked Nightshade - Solanum galapagense S.C.Darwin & Peralta
- Solanum glabratum Dunal
- Solanum grayi vars. grandiflorum (basal) and grayi (smaller-flowered in sympatrySympatryIn biology, two species or populations are considered sympatric when they exist in the same geographic area and thus regularly encounter one another. An initially-interbreeding population that splits into two or more distinct species sharing a common range exemplifies sympatric speciation...
with Solanum lumholtzianum http://www.jstor.org/pss/2418533http://www.pnas.org/content/91/1/3.full.pdf) - Solanum haleakalaense H.St.John
- Solanum hindsianum Benth. – Hinds' Nightshade
- Solanum huaylasense Peralta
- Solanum hypermegethesSolanum hypermegethesSolanum hypermegethes is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum hypocalycosarcumSolanum hypocalycosarcumSolanum hypocalycosarcum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum imbaburenseSolanum imbaburenseSolanum imbaburense is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum interandinumSolanum interandinumSolanum interandinum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-References:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum interius Rydb.
- Solanum jamesiiSolanum jamesiiSolanum jamesii is a species of nightshade. Its range includes the southern United States. All parts of the plant, and especially the fruit, are toxic, containing solanine when it matures. Immature tuber roots are edible. S. jamesii is sometimes grown in yards or gardens as an ornamental...
– Wild Potato - Solanum lasiocarpumSolanum lasiocarpumSolanum lasiocarpum, otherwise known as Indian nightshade, is a plant that produces edible fruit. Its flowers are white and its fruits are pale yellow. S. lasiocarpum is native to temperate Asia, tropical Asia and the pacific....
Indian nightshade Dunal - Solanum latiflorumSolanum latiflorumSolanum latiflorum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum laxum Spreng. – Jasmine Nightshade
- Solanum leiophyllumSolanum leiophyllumSolanum leiophyllum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum leucodendronSolanum leucodendronSolanum leucodendron is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil.-Source:* Carvalho, L.d'A.F. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum lobbianum Bitter
- Solanum lumholtzianum Bartlett – Sonoran Nightshade
- Solanum luteoalbum (including S. semicoalitum)
- Solanum lycocarpum – Wolf Apple, fruta-de-lobo, lobeira (Brazil)
- Solanum lycopersicoides Dunal – Peruvian Wolfpeach
- Solanum lycopersicum – Tomato
- Solanum macrocarpon
- Solanum mauritianumSolanum mauritianumSolanum mauritianum is a small tree or shrub native to South America, including Northern Argentina, Southern Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. It has become a widespread invasive weed in Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawai‘i, New Caledonia, Norfolk Island, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Réunion Island, Mauritius,...
– Woolly Nightshade, Ear-leaved Nightshade, Flannel Weed, Bugweed, Tobacco Weed, Kerosene Plant, "wild tobacco" (Australia) - Solanum melissarumSolanum melissarumSolanum melissarum is a species of nightshade that is endemic to Brazil....
- Solanum minutifoliolumSolanum minutifoliolumSolanum minutifoliolum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-References:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum muricatumSolanum muricatumSolanum muricatum is a species of evergreen shrub native to South America and grown for its sweet edible fruit.It is known as pepino dulce or simply pepino; the latter is also used for similar species such as "S. mucronatum"...
– Pepino dulce, pepino melon, melon pear, "pepino", "tree melon" - Solanum nigrescens M.Martens & Galeotti – Divine Nightshade
- Solanum nigrumSolanum nigrumSolanum nigrum is a species in the Solanum genus, native to Eurasia and introduced in the Americas, Australasia and South Africa.-Description:Black...
– European Black Nightshade, "black nightshade" - Solanum nudum Dunal – Forest Nightshade
- Solanum ovum-fringillaeSolanum ovum-fringillaeSolanum ovum-fringillae is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil.-Source:* Bohs, L. 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum paralumSolanum paralumSolanum paralum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum parishiiSolanum parishiiSolanum parishii is a species of nightshade known by the common name Parish's nightshade. It is native to western North America from Oregon to Baja California, where it grows in many types of habitat, including maritime and inland chaparral, woodlands, and forests...
A.Heller – Parish's Nightshade - Solanum paucijugumSolanum paucijugumSolanum paucijugum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-References:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum peruvianum L. – Peruvian Nightshade, "wild tomato"
- Solanum phureja Juz. & Bukasov
- Solanum pimpinellifoliumSolanum pimpinellifoliumSolanum pimpinellifolium, commonly known as the Currant Tomato, is a species of nightshade native to Ecuador and Peru but naturalized elsewhere, such as the Galápagos Islands. Its small fruits are edible.-Breeding purposes:...
– Currant Tomato - Solanum pinetorumSolanum pinetorumSolanum pinetorum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum pinnatisectum Dunal – Tansy-leaved Nightshade
- Solanum polygamum Vahl – Cakalaka Berry
- Solanum pseudocapsicum – Jerusalem Cherry, Madeira Winter Cherry, "winter cherry" (including S. capsicastrum)
- Solanum pseudogracile Heiser – Glowing Nightshade
- Solanum pseudoquina (including S. inaequale Vell.)
- Solanum ptychanthum – West Indian Nightshade, Eastern Black Nightshade
- Solanum pyrifolium Lam.
- Solanum regularifoliumSolanum regularifoliumSolanum regularifolium is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Ecuador.-Source:* Montúfar, R. & Pitman, N. 2004. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum retroflexum – Wonderberry, Sunberry
- Solanum riedlei Dunal – Riedle's Nightshade
- Solanum rostratumSolanum rostratumSolanum rostratum is a species of nightshade that is native to the United States and northern and central Mexico. Common names include buffalo bur, spiny nightshade, and Texas thistle....
(seeds of which were ordered by Charles DarwinCharles DarwinCharles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
approx. 10 days prior to his death) - Solanum rudepannum Dunal
- Solanum rugosum Dunal – tabacon aspero
- Solanum sarrachoidesSolanum sarrachoidesSolanum sarrachoides is a species of nightshade known as the Hairy Nightshade. In California, according to the Jepson Manual Solanum key, it is differentiated by its calyx that are enlarged during fruit, but smaller when in flower....
– Hairy Nightshade - Solanum scabrum Mill. – Garden Huckleberry
- Solanum sejunctum Australian Eggplant ( Identified by Kym Brennan, Christopher T. Martine, & David E. Symon. First living collection grown by Alexander R. Scharf in the SUNY Plattsburgh Greenhouse.)
- Solanum seaforthianumSolanum seaforthianumSolanum seaforthianum or Brazilian Nightshade is a flowering evergreen vine of the Solanum family native to tropical South America. As a member of the Solanum genus, it is related to such plants as the tomato and potato. It is characterized by clusters of four to seven leaves and can climb to a...
Andrews – Brazilian Nightshade - Solanum sibundoyenseSolanum sibundoyenseSolanum sibundoyense is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Colombia, specifically the to Sibundoy and surrounding areas, and usually resides in cloud forests, 1400-2300 meters in elevation. It is also known as tomate salvaje or tomate silvestre to natives of Colombia, and...
- Solanum sodiroi (including S. carchiense)
- Solanum stoloniferum Schltdl. – Tigna Potato, Fendler's Horsenettle
- Solanum sycocarpumSolanum sycocarpumSolanum sycocarpum is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is endemic to Brazil.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum sisymbriifoliumSolanum sisymbriifoliumSolanum sisymbriifolium is commonly known as Sticky Nightshade, the Fire-and-Ice plant, Litchi Tomato, or Morelle de Balbis.The small edible fruits are red on the outside and yellow inside. It grows inside a husk which burst open when the fruit ripens...
- Solanum tenuipes Bartlett – Fancy Nightshade
- Solanum ternatum (including S. ternifolium)
- Solanum tobagenseSolanum tobagenseSolanum tobagense is a species of plant in the Solanaceae family. It is found in Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, and Venezuela.-Source:* World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1998. . Downloaded on 23 August 2007....
- Solanum torvumSolanum torvumSolanum torvum , is a bushy, erect and spiny perennial plant used horticulturally as a rootstock for eggplant. Grafted plants are very vigorous and tolerate diseases affecting the root system, thus allowing the crop to continue for a second year.It is also known as Devil's Fig, Prickly Nightshade,...
Sw. – Turkey Berry - Solanum triflorumSolanum triflorumSolanum triflorum is a species of nightshade known by the common name cutleaf nightshade and small nightshade. It is native to Argentina, but it is known on other continents, including Europe and Australia, as an introduced species and sometimes a weed. It is present throughout much of North...
Nutt. – Cut-leaved Nightshade - Solanum trilobatum L.
- Solanum triquetrum Cav. – Texas Nightshade
- Solanum tuberosum – Potato
- Solanum umbelliferumSolanum umbelliferumSolanum umbelliferum is a species of nightshade known commonly as blue witch nightshade, or bluewitch. It can be found in chaparral habitat and low-elevation oak woodlands in California and parts of Baja California and Arizona. It is a small perennial herb or subshrub with dark gray-green...
– Bluewitch Nightshade - Solanum villosum Mill. – Yellow Nightshade
- Solanum violaceum Ortega
- Solanum viride Spreng. – Green Nightshade
- Solanum wallaceiSolanum wallaceiSolanum wallacei, also known as Wallace's nightshade, Catalina nightshade, Northern island nightshade, or Wild Tomato, is a perennial plant that produces purple flowers, but otherwise resembles a tomato plant...
– Wallace's Nightshade, Catalina Nightshade, Clokey's Nightshade, "wild tomato" (including S. clokeyi) - Solanum woodburyi Howard – Woodbury's Nightshade
- Solanum xanti – Purple Nightshade, San Diego Nightshade