List of ZX Spectrum clones
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of clone
s of Sinclair Research's ZX Spectrum
home computer
:
. There were three models developed, only two of which were released:
giving access to better graphics modes. The TS2068 was marketed in the United States
, while essentially identical machines were marketed in Portugal
and Poland
as the Timex Computer 2068 (TC2068) and Unipolbrit Komputer 2086
(UK2086) respectively.
, in 1991, by two firms, MicroArt and ATM. It has Z80 at 7 MHz, 1024k RAM
, 128k ROM
, AY-8910 (two ones in upgraded models), 8-bit DAC
, 8-bit 8-channel ADC
, RS-232
, Centronics
, Beta Disk Interface
, IDE interface, AT
/XT keyboard, text mode (80x25, 16 colors, 8x8 pattern), and 3 graphics modes.
(a 32-bit version of the Z80, capable of running at 40 MHz), it has its own graphic adapter, AT-keyboard, own BIOS and extended BASIC-ROM, and RAM
expandable up to 4GB linear. The computer is supposed to be compatible to 98%. Standard devices of are HDD-controller, DMA vs IRQ controller, ROM-Task Switching and more. So far only the HDD-controller is produced but the rest exists as drawings. All the plans are freely available.
The Bi Am ZX-Spectrum 128 was a 128 KB version of the same computer.
, Romania
.http://www.homecomputer.de/pages/easteurope_ro.htmlhttp://www.homecomputer.de/images/infos/east-europe/Cobra_de.txt
n clone of ZX Spectrum+ manufactured in 1991 at a former military plant, near the city of Zelenograd
. Fully compatible with the Spectrum+, the Delta came equipped with 48 kB of RAM, video output, cassette in/out, two joysticks ports (both Kempston and Sinclair), RGB adjustment controls, and its own expansion port for Russian hardware.
The Delta originally sold for about 620DM, and sold very well: for a few months it was on the bestseller list in the region.
It has been reported that the machine may have actually been re-baged unsold Spectrums from the UK. Such reports include reports that various stickers cover up hints of made in the UK and official Sinclair badging. more
Possibly related to Delta S-128.
It should be noted, that part of these clones were manufactured in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia, at currently abandoned Military Scientific Plant "Skhivi". No references to real manufacturer was given, and all data refer like this was an original product from Zelenograd. The difference may be noted by the correction table of user manual. In original manual, it was hand written and rotoscoped, the Georgian release included computer typed correction list.
. Later models compatible with ZX Spectrum were based on the U880
and Zilog Z80
processors
.
clone of the ZX Spectrum home computer. It was based on an analogue of the Zilog Z80 microprocessor
. Its name comes from Dubna
, a town near Moscow where it was produced, and "48K" stands for 48 KB
s of RAM.
Polish clones of the ZX Spectrum. It had a full size keyboard and even a paper holder. The reason it has a paper holder is that the case was originally designed for a small electric organ. A disk drive was available and there also was a version of CP/M called CP\J for this machine. The updated 804 Junior PC had an internal 3.5" diskdrive.
The earliest version, HC 85, closely resembled the Spectrum, with a built-in BASIC
interpreter, Z80A processor, 48k RAM, tape, serial and TV interfaces. It was used in schools/universities and as a personal computer.
The HC 90/91 could access a disk drive and run CP/M
programs by adding an extension board. The HC 91 had a modified keyboard with 50 keys instead of 40.
The HC 2000 (manufactured from 1992–1994) had a built-in 3.5" 720k disk, and 64k RAM, it could be used both as a Spectrum clone with added disk functionality (only 48k RAM available) or in CP/M mode, giving access to the full 64k memory.
but INT is re-made to be like the original. There exists four or five models of it but there are only minor differences between them, for instance one has wrong released turbo Beta Disk interface so when you read/write disks on your own GRM everything is normal, but when you want to save something to this disk on any another machine then all information on disk will be destroyed. They are not easy to expand because of some PLM (small ones) chips inside which does not allow you take some signals you may need to attach modem, etc.
The GRM2+ board was used to create the GrandBoard2+
and were unsuccessful because of the poor graphics features and high price. They were both school computers. In 1986 in Hungary the school computers have to fulfill new requirements: they have to produce high resolution graphics and support the special Hungarian characters. That's why the HT 3080C came out and it was both compatible with the previous HT machines as well as the ZX Spectrum. You could switch between TRS-80 and ZX Spectrum mode.
It had a graphics resolution of 256x192 (standard Speccy) and an AY-chip for sound (to be compatible with the previous HT machines, not with the 128K Speccy). ROM: 32K (Speccy+HT ROMs), RAM: 64K (possibly also a requirement for Hungarian school computers, because all school computers in Hungary had 64K). It had a Commodore serial port so you could also connect peripherals made for the C64 to it, for instance the 1541 disk drive.
home computer, based on the Sinclair Research ZX Spectrum hardware architecture.
It also featured a CP/M mode and Forth mode or LOGO mode, with the Forth or LOGO operating environment residing in an on-board ROM chip.
bought Sinclair Research Ltd
. Looked much like a normal 48+. It has compatibility problems with some games (Bombjack, Commando
, Top Gun
, etc.). On the rear there was a Kempston joystick connector.
Kvorum has 48K memory. Probably a clone of the standard 48K Spectrum
Kvorum 64 had 64K memory.
Kvorum 128 was a clone with built in tests, memory monitor and copying in ROM. Possibility to run CP/M and TR-DOS (betadisk).
Kvorum 128+ was as the Kvorum 128 but comes with built-in 3.5" drive.
In 1989 came Leningrad 1 a clone of the 48K which came to be the cheapest of the mass-made clones. They attempted to make the design as simple as possible and more compact. The only addition was a joystick port. It was designed by Sergey Zonov who later went on and created the Scorpion.
Leningrad 2 came in 1991. The joystick was changed to Kempston compatible and the keyboard was much improved. It sold in great numbers.
in 1991. 48K RAM, 16K ROM and built in(?) kempston joystick interface. The size of the system unit is 14 × 8 × 2½ inches, the weight is 1.5 kg approx.
It's possibly related to the Master.
ian ZX Spectrum clone made in 1985 by Microdigital Eletronica
, a company located at São Paulo
, Brazil, that manufactured some ZX81
clones before (TK 82, TK 82C
, TK 83 and TK 85
) and a ZX80
clone (TK 80). The ROM were hacked to allow an UDG editor and accented characters (incompatibility issues are very rare or none). The keyboard membrane is more resistant than the original from ZX-Spectrum 48k (very similar to the actual ps2/USB keyboard we use now), and there is also an 'yuiop' joystick connector between expansion and mic/ear connectors.
was the evolution of TK 90X
made in the 1980s by Microdigital Eletronica, a company located at São Paulo, Brazil that manufactured some ZX81 clones before (TK 82, TK 82C, TK 83 and TK 85) and a ZX80 clone (TK 80). The first version was launched in November 1986. This 'evolution' were mostly 'cosmetic', only at their keyboard and whole ABS plastic case, a bit like between legit ZX-Spectrum 48k and 48+ models, since the board seems exactly the same, and the 16k ROM seems to be very similar.
Moskva 48K (Москва/Moscow) was the first mass-produced clone of the 48K Spectrum in Russia. It was first made in 1988.
Moskva 128K was a faithful clone of ZX Spectrum 128K with built-in printer interface, joystick, TV/RGB port but without sound processor and disk drive. It was first made in 1989.
and has a joystick
port. At the time of launch time the price was 650 roubles.
that went on to make the Sprinter
.
Peters MC64S1 has Service monitor (additional ROM), fast loading in the RAM frequently used software. Assembler & monitor, test of a video and copyist for tape are included in first version Service monitor.
Peters MC64S2 has Service monitor 2, which included of Tetris
, test of a video, copyist for tape and text editor. And it has printer slot (Centronics).
Peters MD-256S3 has Service monitor 3, including an alternate (for TR-DOS) disk operational system IS-DOS.
It has Z80 at 7 MHz, up to 1024 KiB RAM, 64 KiB ROM, Centronics, AY8910 cound chip, Beta 128 disc interface, IDE interface, and 512x240 multicolor (i.e. 2 colors per 8x1 block) graphics mode for CP/M.
Users liked to plug in two 8-bit DACs to play 4-channel modules of Scream Tracker
.
It was possible to run CP/M and a graphics mode with 512x240 pixels was added to be able to run 80 characters per row. It has both parallel and serial ports, sound processor and the possibility to use an IBM keyboard. In later issues it also had a hard disk interface and turbo mode.
. It has Russian symbols instead of capitalized English and is reported to be a good and reliable machine because it was produced by ex-military plants as a part of conversion program.
slots, which allowed the use of IBM PC compatible
hard drives and extension cards.
While it was software compatible with ZX Spectrum 48K and has two Interface 2 joystick ports, it's hardware was quite different, utilizing different memory chip set-up, lacking slowdown when accessing certain areas of memory, as in original ZX Spectrum, so, certain applications and games may not behave correctly or crash.
in Romania and the name TimS comes from TIMişoara and Spectrum. The models were extended in various ways and production continued into the early 1990s. The computer is fully compatible with ZX Spectrum, but comes with 64 KB RAM. At the back it has Source (ALIM), parallel and serial connectors, cassette player, monitor and TV connector, reset button. Later models have a joystick connection, 192KB RAM and AY-3-8912 sound chip.
Clone (computer science)
In computing, a clone is a hardware or software system that is designed to mimic another system. Compatibility with the original system is usually the explicit purpose of cloning hardware or low-level software such as operating systems...
s of Sinclair Research's ZX Spectrum
ZX Spectrum
The ZX Spectrum is an 8-bit personal home computer released in the United Kingdom in 1982 by Sinclair Research Ltd...
home computer
Home computer
Home computers were a class of microcomputers entering the market in 1977, and becoming increasingly common during the 1980s. They were marketed to consumers as affordable and accessible computers that, for the first time, were intended for the use of a single nontechnical user...
:
Official clones
The only official clones of the Spectrum were made by TimexTimex Sinclair
Timex Sinclair was a joint venture between the British company Sinclair Research and Timex Corporation in an effort to gain an entry into the rapidly-growing early-1980s home computer market in the United States...
. There were three models developed, only two of which were released:
Timex Sinclair 2068
A significantly more sophisticated machine than the original Spectrum. The most significant changes were the addition of a cartridge port, an AY-3-8912 sound chip and an improved ULAGate array
A gate array or uncommitted logic array is an approach to the design and manufacture of application-specific integrated circuits...
giving access to better graphics modes. The TS2068 was marketed in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, while essentially identical machines were marketed in Portugal
Portugal
Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
and Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
as the Timex Computer 2068 (TC2068) and Unipolbrit Komputer 2086
Komputer 2086
The Unipolbrit Komputer 2086 was a Polish version of the home computer Timex Sinclair 2068, produced by a joint venture of the Polish Unimor and Timex Computer of Portugal. The machine wasn't 100% ZX Spectrum-compatible and a "Spectrum Emulation" cartridge was available .-Technical...
(UK2086) respectively.
Timex Computer 2048
A machine very similar to the Spectrum, but with the improved ULA from the TC2068 allowing access to the improved graphics modes. Marketed only in Portugal.Timex Sinclair 2048
A never released variant of the TS2068 with 16 kB of RAM.ATM
ATM (ATM Turbo) was developed in MoscowMoscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
, in 1991, by two firms, MicroArt and ATM. It has Z80 at 7 MHz, 1024k RAM
Ram
-Animals:*Ram, an uncastrated male sheep*Ram cichlid, a species of freshwater fish endemic to Colombia and Venezuela-Military:*Battering ram*Ramming, a military tactic in which one vehicle runs into another...
, 128k ROM
Read-only memory
Read-only memory is a class of storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices. Data stored in ROM cannot be modified, or can be modified only slowly or with difficulty, so it is mainly used to distribute firmware .In its strictest sense, ROM refers only...
, AY-8910 (two ones in upgraded models), 8-bit DAC
Digital-to-analog converter
In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter is a device that converts a digital code to an analog signal . An analog-to-digital converter performs the reverse operation...
, 8-bit 8-channel ADC
Analog-to-digital converter
An analog-to-digital converter is a device that converts a continuous quantity to a discrete time digital representation. An ADC may also provide an isolated measurement...
, RS-232
RS-232
In telecommunications, RS-232 is the traditional name for a series of standards for serial binary single-ended data and control signals connecting between a DTE and a DCE . It is commonly used in computer serial ports...
, Centronics
Centronics
Centronics Data Computer Corporation was a pioneering American manufacturer of computer printers, now remembered primarily for the parallel interface that bears its name.-The beginning:Centronics began as a division of Wang Laboratories...
, Beta Disk Interface
Beta Disk Interface
Beta Disk Interface is a disk interface for ZX Spectrum computers. It was developed by Technology Research Ltd , in 1984 and released in 1985 with price £109.25 . Beta 128 Disk Interface is a 1987 version supporting ZX Spectrum 128 machines...
, IDE interface, AT
IBM Personal Computer/AT
The IBM Personal Computer AT, more commonly known as the IBM AT and also sometimes called the PC AT or PC/AT, was IBM's second-generation PC, designed around the 6 MHz Intel 80286 microprocessor and released in 1984 as machine type 5170...
/XT keyboard, text mode (80x25, 16 colors, 8x8 pattern), and 3 graphics modes.
AZX-Monstrum
An open project to build a ZX Spectrum compatible computer. The CPU is Zilog Z380Zilog Z380
The Z380 is Zilog's 32-bit processor from 1994. The Z380 is Z80 compatible, but the newer and faster eZ80 family has been more successful recently. The chip supports 16-bit processing with a clock speed of up to 20MHz....
(a 32-bit version of the Z80, capable of running at 40 MHz), it has its own graphic adapter, AT-keyboard, own BIOS and extended BASIC-ROM, and RAM
Ram
-Animals:*Ram, an uncastrated male sheep*Ram cichlid, a species of freshwater fish endemic to Colombia and Venezuela-Military:*Battering ram*Ramming, a military tactic in which one vehicle runs into another...
expandable up to 4GB linear. The computer is supposed to be compatible to 98%. Standard devices of are HDD-controller, DMA vs IRQ controller, ROM-Task Switching and more. So far only the HDD-controller is produced but the rest exists as drawings. All the plans are freely available.
Baltica
A Russian clone of the 48K ZX Spectrum. ULA replacement made with K556PT4 and K155PE3. CPU running at a higher frequency (4 MHz) which made it less compatible.Best III
A ZX Spectrum clone made in St. Petersburg, Russia in 1993. The size of the system unit is 16.8 × 10 × 2½ inches. It even uses a Russian Z80 clone as CPU.Bi Am ZX-Spectrum 48/64 and 128
A Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum. The name of the Bi Am ZX-Spectrum 48/64 suggests that it comes with 64 KB RAM. The size of the system unit is 10 × 8.4 × 2 inches. Made of metal. Has the sign Made in RF (Russian Federation) at the back. It was produced in 1992–1994.The Bi Am ZX-Spectrum 128 was a 128 KB version of the same computer.
Cobra
A ZX Spectrum clone built in BraşovBrasov
Brașov is a city in Romania and the capital of Brașov County.According to the last Romanian census, from 2002, there were 284,596 people living within the city of Brașov, making it the 8th most populated city in Romania....
, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
.http://www.homecomputer.de/pages/easteurope_ro.htmlhttp://www.homecomputer.de/images/infos/east-europe/Cobra_de.txt
CIP-03
A Romanian ZX Spectrum clone made by Intreprinderea Electronica. It is called 'Calculator pentru Instruire Personală' which means 'computer for personal teaching'. The keyboard looks nice, but the key switches are real simple and so is the 'feeling'. A nicely built PCB with 45 chips (most 74-family) inside. The ROM is original Sinclair, although instead of the Sinclair copyright message, it states 'BASIC S'. Only one set of 8 * 1-bit 64K RAMs present. The power supply is the size and weight of a couple of bricks including a huge transformer unlike the now-standard switching power supply.Composite
A Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum with 48 KB RAM.http://www.homecomputer.de/pages/f_info.html?Composite.html. Actually it's modified version of Leningrad 2, produced by co-op Composite.Czerweny CZ
The Czerweny CZ 2000, Czerweny CZ Spectrum and Czerweny CZ Spectrum Plus were Argentinian produced clones.Delta
A RussiaRussia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n clone of ZX Spectrum+ manufactured in 1991 at a former military plant, near the city of Zelenograd
Zelenograd
Zelenograd is a city, which, along with the territories and settlements under its jurisdiction, forms one of the administrative okrugs of Moscow - Zelenograd Administrative Okrug...
. Fully compatible with the Spectrum+, the Delta came equipped with 48 kB of RAM, video output, cassette in/out, two joysticks ports (both Kempston and Sinclair), RGB adjustment controls, and its own expansion port for Russian hardware.
The Delta originally sold for about 620DM, and sold very well: for a few months it was on the bestseller list in the region.
It has been reported that the machine may have actually been re-baged unsold Spectrums from the UK. Such reports include reports that various stickers cover up hints of made in the UK and official Sinclair badging. more
Possibly related to Delta S-128.
Delta S-128
A Russian clone of ZX Spectrum built in Voronezh, Kazan and other cities since 1990 that can run at up to 7 MHz. Comes with kempston and sinclair joystick ports and ports both for TV and RGB monitor. It has a printer interface and sound processor. As it is a modular design you can add disk controller. It could possibly be related to the Delta.Delta SA and Delta SB
These were derivatives from the "Delta" series. Changes included more relaxed hardware planning, bigger case and partially non compatible ROM. The machine had built-in Russification feature, which was toggling charset to Russian when pressing the dedicated key (Sending BASIC code #209), and back to English charset (Sending BASIC code#210). These changes dissallow any floppy drive usage with these clones, and also, a lot of hacked titles, using famous "Hacked by Bill Gilbert" loader, will not launch. Later, corrected rom was released, which while still not able to work with floppy, was more compatible with game titles, but still not was fully compatible, games like "Pole Position" or "Starfox" will crash after loading. Additional changes were introduced in "Delta SB", it has extended ROM, and came with 4 game titles pre-built in. These titles were selected by additional hardware switches, located at top left side of computer. Pressing any of them will cause immediate reset and load of the corresponding title. Included titles generally vary, but most popular were: "Commando", "Astro Marine Corps", "Dan Dare 3", "Star Invaders 2".It should be noted, that part of these clones were manufactured in Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia, at currently abandoned Military Scientific Plant "Skhivi". No references to real manufacturer was given, and all data refer like this was an original product from Zelenograd. The difference may be noted by the correction table of user manual. In original manual, it was hand written and rotoscoped, the Georgian release included computer typed correction list.
Didaktik
The Didaktik was a series of home computers produced in former CzechoslovakiaCzechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
. Later models compatible with ZX Spectrum were based on the U880
U880
The U880 was an 8-bit microprocessor manufactured in the German Democratic Republic. It was manufactured in NMOS logic technology and encased in a DIL40 package....
and Zilog Z80
Zilog Z80
The Zilog Z80 is an 8-bit microprocessor designed by Zilog and sold from July 1976 onwards. It was widely used both in desktop and embedded computer designs as well as for military purposes...
processors
Central processing unit
The central processing unit is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in the computer. The term has been in...
.
Dubna 48K
A SovietSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
clone of the ZX Spectrum home computer. It was based on an analogue of the Zilog Z80 microprocessor
Microprocessor
A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit on a single integrated circuit, or at most a few integrated circuits. It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and...
. Its name comes from Dubna
Dubna
Dubna is a town in Moscow Oblast, Russia. It has a status of naukograd , being home to the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, an international nuclear physics research centre and one of the largest scientific foundations in the country. It is also home to MKB Raduga, a defence aerospace company...
, a town near Moscow where it was produced, and "48K" stands for 48 KB
Kilobyte
The kilobyte is a multiple of the unit byte for digital information. Although the prefix kilo- means 1000, the term kilobyte and symbol KB have historically been used to refer to either 1024 bytes or 1000 bytes, dependent upon context, in the fields of computer science and information...
s of RAM.
Ella Ra
Also known as the Elara-Disk 128 was a Russian clone of the 128K ZX Spectrum with 58-key keyboard, disk drive, kempston and sinclair joystick. It is possible to expand it but it's slightly incompatible due to some ports are changed.http://zx.interface1.net/clones/ellara.htmlhttp://www.nvg.ntnu.no/sinclair/computers/clones/russian.htmElwro 800 Junior
Felix HC series
A series of ZX Spectrum clones was manufactured in Romania from 1985 to 1994 by ICE Felix. The designation HC means Home Computer, and for the first three models in the series, the number is the year of first manufacture. Models in the series were: HC 85, HC 88, HC 90, HC 91, HC91+ (HC128), HC 2000, HC386.The earliest version, HC 85, closely resembled the Spectrum, with a built-in BASIC
BASIC
BASIC is a family of general-purpose, high-level programming languages whose design philosophy emphasizes ease of use - the name is an acronym from Beginner's All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code....
interpreter, Z80A processor, 48k RAM, tape, serial and TV interfaces. It was used in schools/universities and as a personal computer.
The HC 90/91 could access a disk drive and run CP/M
CP/M
CP/M was a mass-market operating system created for Intel 8080/85 based microcomputers by Gary Kildall of Digital Research, Inc...
programs by adding an extension board. The HC 91 had a modified keyboard with 50 keys instead of 40.
The HC 2000 (manufactured from 1992–1994) had a built-in 3.5" 720k disk, and 64k RAM, it could be used both as a Spectrum clone with added disk functionality (only 48k RAM available) or in CP/M mode, giving access to the full 64k memory.
GrandRomMax
A Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum made in 1993 in Moscow. It is very similar to the PentagonPentagon (computer)
The Pentagon home computer was a clone of the British-made Sinclair ZX Spectrum 128. It was manufactured by amateurs in the former Soviet Union. Its PCB was copied all over the USSR, which made it the most widespread Soviet ZX Spectrum clone...
but INT is re-made to be like the original. There exists four or five models of it but there are only minor differences between them, for instance one has wrong released turbo Beta Disk interface so when you read/write disks on your own GRM everything is normal, but when you want to save something to this disk on any another machine then all information on disk will be destroyed. They are not easy to expand because of some PLM (small ones) chips inside which does not allow you take some signals you may need to attach modem, etc.
The GRM2+ board was used to create the GrandBoard2+
Grandboard 2+
A Russian clone of ZX Spectrum. The size is 350x280x35 mm (13.2 × 8.4 × 2 inches). Developed and manufactured from 1994 by Independent Science-Manufacturing Laboratory of Computer Techniques in city Frajzino. Based on board GRM2+- CPU: Z-80 NEC (8-bit)
- Clock frequency: 3,45 MHz
- Capacity of the main memory: 128 KB
- Text: 24x32, 8 colors
- Graphics: 256x192, 8 colors
- Software: BASIC, TR-DOS 5.03, LPRINT 3
- Hardware: Turbo, storage on cassettes, FDD 2x720 Kb, mouse, sound processor AY-8910m(YM 2149F), printer
HT 3080C
A Hungarian ZX Spectrum clone made by Híradástechnikai Szövetkezet, released in 1986. It was the third computer from the company. The two first computers HT 1080Z and HT 2080Z were clones of TRS-80TRS-80
TRS-80 was Tandy Corporation's desktop microcomputer model line, sold through Tandy's Radio Shack stores in the late 1970s and early 1980s. The first units, ordered unseen, were delivered in November 1977, and rolled out to the stores the third week of December. The line won popularity with...
and were unsuccessful because of the poor graphics features and high price. They were both school computers. In 1986 in Hungary the school computers have to fulfill new requirements: they have to produce high resolution graphics and support the special Hungarian characters. That's why the HT 3080C came out and it was both compatible with the previous HT machines as well as the ZX Spectrum. You could switch between TRS-80 and ZX Spectrum mode.
It had a graphics resolution of 256x192 (standard Speccy) and an AY-chip for sound (to be compatible with the previous HT machines, not with the 128K Speccy). ROM: 32K (Speccy+HT ROMs), RAM: 64K (possibly also a requirement for Hungarian school computers, because all school computers in Hungary had 64K). It had a Commodore serial port so you could also connect peripherals made for the C64 to it, for instance the 1541 disk drive.
Hobbit
A Soviet/Russian 8-bitBit
A bit is the basic unit of information in computing and telecommunications; it is the amount of information stored by a digital device or other physical system that exists in one of two possible distinct states...
home computer, based on the Sinclair Research ZX Spectrum hardware architecture.
It also featured a CP/M mode and Forth mode or LOGO mode, with the Forth or LOGO operating environment residing in an on-board ROM chip.
Inves Spectrum 48k plus
A clone of the ZX Spectrum+ from Investronica in Spain. Released after AmstradAmstrad
Amstrad is a British electronics company, now wholly owned by BSkyB. As of 2006, Amstrad's main business is manufacturing Sky Digital interactive boxes....
bought Sinclair Research Ltd
Sinclair Research Ltd
Sinclair Research Ltd is a British consumer electronics company founded by Sir Clive Sinclair in Cambridge. Originally incorporated in 1973 as Ablesdeal Ltd., it remained dormant until 1976, and did not adopt the name Sinclair Research until 1981....
. Looked much like a normal 48+. It has compatibility problems with some games (Bombjack, Commando
Commando
In English, the term commando means a specific kind of individual soldier or military unit. In contemporary usage, commando usually means elite light infantry and/or special operations forces units, specializing in amphibious landings, parachuting, rappelling and similar techniques, to conduct and...
, Top Gun
Top Gun (video game)
The popularity of the 1986 film Top Gun resulted in a number of licensed video games that have been released since the film's theatrical debut:-Top Gun:...
, etc.). On the rear there was a Kempston joystick connector.
Kay 1024
A Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum that came in 1998. It was made by NEMO company and has 1024KB of RAM and was a rival of Scorpion ZS 256 and has a slightly lower price. It has controller for PC keyboard and HDD but not for floppy although it was available as an extension card. It's very easy to connect General Sound. Has turbo mode at 10 MHz.Krasnogorsk
A Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum which used PZY K573PF2(5) to produce the TV signal. It was developed and manufactured from 1991 but was never made in as many copies as the Leningrad 1.Kvorum
A series of Russian ZX Spectrum clones.Kvorum has 48K memory. Probably a clone of the standard 48K Spectrum
Kvorum 64 had 64K memory.
Kvorum 128 was a clone with built in tests, memory monitor and copying in ROM. Possibility to run CP/M and TR-DOS (betadisk).
Kvorum 128+ was as the Kvorum 128 but comes with built-in 3.5" drive.
Leningrad
A series of two Russian clones of the ZX Spectrum.In 1989 came Leningrad 1 a clone of the 48K which came to be the cheapest of the mass-made clones. They attempted to make the design as simple as possible and more compact. The only addition was a joystick port. It was designed by Sergey Zonov who later went on and created the Scorpion.
Leningrad 2 came in 1991. The joystick was changed to Kempston compatible and the keyboard was much improved. It sold in great numbers.
Master
A clone of the ZX Spectrum made in Russia in 1990. It runs at 2,5 MHz and has 48K RAM. It has ports for Sinclair and Kempston joysticks. The name suggests it's related to Master K11Master K
A Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum made in IvanovoIvanovo
Ivanovo is a city and the administrative center of Ivanovo Oblast, Russia. Population: Ivanovo has traditionally been called the textile capital of Russia. Since most textile workers are women, it has also been known as the "City of Brides"...
in 1991. 48K RAM, 16K ROM and built in(?) kempston joystick interface. The size of the system unit is 14 × 8 × 2½ inches, the weight is 1.5 kg approx.
It's possibly related to the Master.
Microdigital TK 90X
The TK 90X was the first BrazilBrazil
Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...
ian ZX Spectrum clone made in 1985 by Microdigital Eletronica
Microdigital Eletronica
Microdigital Eletrônica Ltda. was an influential Brazilian computer company in the 1980s, based in São Paulo.- History :Established in 1981 by the brothers George and Tomas Kovari , its first product was the TK80, a clone of the British microcomputer Sinclair ZX80.The company...
, a company located at São Paulo
São Paulo
São Paulo is the largest city in Brazil, the largest city in the southern hemisphere and South America, and the world's seventh largest city by population. The metropolis is anchor to the São Paulo metropolitan area, ranked as the second-most populous metropolitan area in the Americas and among...
, Brazil, that manufactured some ZX81
Sinclair ZX81
The ZX81 was a home computer produced by Sinclair Research and manufactured in Scotland by Timex Corporation. It was launched in the United Kingdom in March 1981 as the successor to Sinclair's ZX80 and was designed to be a low-cost introduction to home computing for the general public...
clones before (TK 82, TK 82C
TK 82C
TK 82C was a Sinclair ZX81 clone made by Microdigital Eletrônica Ltda., a computer company located in Brazil.-General information:The TK 82C had the ZILOG Z80A processor running at 3.25 MHz, 2 KB SRAM and 8 KB of EPROM with the BASIC interpreter. The keyboard was made of layers of...
, TK 83 and TK 85
TK 85
The TK 85 was a ZX81 clone made by Microdigital Eletronica, a computer company located in Brazil. It came with 16 or 48 kB RAM, and had a ZX Spectrum-style case, more precisely a Timex Sinclair 1500 clone....
) and a ZX80
Sinclair ZX80
The Sinclair ZX80 is a home computer brought to market in 1980 by Science of Cambridge Ltd. . It is notable for being the first computer available in the United Kingdom for less than a hundred pounds...
clone (TK 80). The ROM were hacked to allow an UDG editor and accented characters (incompatibility issues are very rare or none). The keyboard membrane is more resistant than the original from ZX-Spectrum 48k (very similar to the actual ps2/USB keyboard we use now), and there is also an 'yuiop' joystick connector between expansion and mic/ear connectors.
Microdigital TK 95
The TK 95 microcomputerMicrocomputer
A microcomputer is a computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit. They are physically small compared to mainframe and minicomputers...
was the evolution of TK 90X
TK 90X
The TK 90X was the first Brazilian ZX Spectrum clone made in 1985 by Microdigital Eletronica, a company located at São Paulo, Brazil, that manufactured some ZX81 clones before and a ZX80 clones ....
made in the 1980s by Microdigital Eletronica, a company located at São Paulo, Brazil that manufactured some ZX81 clones before (TK 82, TK 82C, TK 83 and TK 85) and a ZX80 clone (TK 80). The first version was launched in November 1986. This 'evolution' were mostly 'cosmetic', only at their keyboard and whole ABS plastic case, a bit like between legit ZX-Spectrum 48k and 48+ models, since the board seems exactly the same, and the 16k ROM seems to be very similar.
Mistrum
A Czech clone of the 48K ZX Spectrum. The ROM include Roman chars and Roman chars with Czech diacritic marks. As the Mistum was a is a hardware design they may look very different as each builder made his own case and keyboard. An article on how to build a Mistrum was published in the Czechoslovak amateur radio magazine Amatérské Radio nr 1/89.Moskva
Moskva was the name of two ZX Spectrum clones.Moskva 48K (Москва/Moscow) was the first mass-produced clone of the 48K Spectrum in Russia. It was first made in 1988.
Moskva 128K was a faithful clone of ZX Spectrum 128K with built-in printer interface, joystick, TV/RGB port but without sound processor and disk drive. It was first made in 1989.
Nafanja
A Russian ZX Spectrum clone from 1990 designed for transport in a case. It was made for diplomatic offices and children. It's compatible with Dubna 48KDubna 48K
The Dubna 48K is a Soviet clone of the ZX Spectrum home computer. It was based on an analogue of the Zilog Z80 microprocessor...
and has a joystick
Joystick
A joystick is an input device consisting of a stick that pivots on a base and reports its angle or direction to the device it is controlling. Joysticks, also known as 'control columns', are the principal control in the cockpit of many civilian and military aircraft, either as a center stick or...
port. At the time of launch time the price was 650 roubles.
Peters MC64
A Russian ZX Spectrum clone from around 1993. Size is 14 × 7.2 × 2 inches. The name suggest that it has 64 KB of RAM and was made by Peters Plus, Ltd.Peters Plus, Ltd.
Peters Plus, Ltd. is a Russian company producing the Sprinter line of enhanced computers based on a clone of the Sinclair ZX Spectrum design. Earlier they also made the Peters MC64.-External links:* - dead link...
that went on to make the Sprinter
Sprinter (computer)
The Sprinter is a microcomputer made by Russian Peters Plus, Ltd.; it is the last model of ZX Spectrum being produced in a factory. It's built using what the company calls a "Flex architecture"...
.
Peters MC64S1 has Service monitor (additional ROM), fast loading in the RAM frequently used software. Assembler & monitor, test of a video and copyist for tape are included in first version Service monitor.
Peters MC64S2 has Service monitor 2, which included of Tetris
Tetris
Tetris is a puzzle video game originally designed and programmed by Alexey Pajitnov in the Soviet Union. It was released on June 6, 1984, while he was working for the Dorodnicyn Computing Centre of the Academy of Science of the USSR in Moscow, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic...
, test of a video, copyist for tape and text editor. And it has printer slot (Centronics).
Peters 256
A Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum, I guess it has 256K memory. The name suggest that it was made by Peters Plus, Ltd. that also made the Sprinter.Peters MD-256S3 has Service monitor 3, including an alternate (for TR-DOS) disk operational system IS-DOS.
Robik
A ZX Spectrum clone produced between 1989 and 1994 by Selto-Rotor (Scientifically technical industrial creative association) a former military factory.Profi
A Soviet ZX Spectrum clone developed in 1991 in Moscow by Kondor and Kramis.It has Z80 at 7 MHz, up to 1024 KiB RAM, 64 KiB ROM, Centronics, AY8910 cound chip, Beta 128 disc interface, IDE interface, and 512x240 multicolor (i.e. 2 colors per 8x1 block) graphics mode for CP/M.
Users liked to plug in two 8-bit DACs to play 4-channel modules of Scream Tracker
Scream Tracker
Scream Tracker is a tracker . It was created by Psi of Finland's Future Crew It was coded in C and assembly language. The first popular version of Scream Tracker, version 2.2, was published in 1990...
.
It was possible to run CP/M and a graphics mode with 512x240 pixels was added to be able to run 80 characters per row. It has both parallel and serial ports, sound processor and the possibility to use an IBM keyboard. In later issues it also had a hard disk interface and turbo mode.
Santaka 002
A clone of ZX Spectrum Plus produced in 1990 in LithuaniaLithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
. It has Russian symbols instead of capitalized English and is reported to be a good and reliable machine because it was produced by ex-military plants as a part of conversion program.
Scorpion
Scorpion , was a very widespread ZX Spectrum clone produced in St. Petersburg, Russia by Sergey Zonov. It had a Z80 processor and from 256 to 1024 KB memory. Various extensions were produced, including SMUC — adapter of IDE and ISAIndustry Standard Architecture
Industry Standard Architecture is a computer bus standard for IBM PC compatible computers introduced with the IBM Personal Computer to support its Intel 8088 microprocessor's 8-bit external data bus and extended to 16 bits for the IBM Personal Computer/AT's Intel 80286 processor...
slots, which allowed the use of IBM PC compatible
IBM PC compatible
IBM PC compatible computers are those generally similar to the original IBM PC, XT, and AT. Such computers used to be referred to as PC clones, or IBM clones since they almost exactly duplicated all the significant features of the PC architecture, facilitated by various manufacturers' ability to...
hard drives and extension cards.
Sever (Nord) 48/002
A Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum. It was made in 1990 and comes with 64 KB RAM and 16 KB ROM. The size of the system unit is 12x8x2½ inches, the weight is 1.5 kg.Sintez
A Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum.While it was software compatible with ZX Spectrum 48K and has two Interface 2 joystick ports, it's hardware was quite different, utilizing different memory chip set-up, lacking slowdown when accessing certain areas of memory, as in original ZX Spectrum, so, certain applications and games may not behave correctly or crash.
Spectral
An East-German clone of the ZX Spectrum. It came with built in joystick interface and either 48 or 128K RAM. It was sold in kit form by Hübner Elektronik.Spektr 48
A Russian clone of the 48K ZX Spectrum. It used a membrane keyboard and has both Latin and Cyrillic letters. It was made in 1991 by Oryol PC manufacturer, a former military factory. The ROM includes a monitor program.TimS
TimS was developed around the university of TimişoaraTimisoara
Timișoara is the capital city of Timiș County, in western Romania. One of the largest Romanian cities, with an estimated population of 311,586 inhabitants , and considered the informal capital city of the historical region of Banat, Timișoara is the main social, economic and cultural center in the...
in Romania and the name TimS comes from TIMişoara and Spectrum. The models were extended in various ways and production continued into the early 1990s. The computer is fully compatible with ZX Spectrum, but comes with 64 KB RAM. At the back it has Source (ALIM), parallel and serial connectors, cassette player, monitor and TV connector, reset button. Later models have a joystick connection, 192KB RAM and AY-3-8912 sound chip.
ZX Next
Also known as ZX-Forum 2 or XX Frium2. A relatively unsuccessful Russian clone of the ZX Spectrum. It was designed with two Z80 processors, one serving as the video processor, and had an RS-232 port, turbo mode, IBM keyboard, 10 Mbit/s local network and a CGA graphics mode with 640x200 pixel resolution. The memory is expandable to 512 KB.Software emulators
Several emulators are also available to enable Spectrum software to be run on other hardware.External links
- Planet Sinclair: Computers: Clones and Variants
- Sinclair Nostalgia Products — Sinclair Clones
- http://www.azx.8m.com/
- Old-computers.com - ICE Felix HC-85
- Old-computers.com - ICE Felix HC-91
- Old-computers.com - ICE Felix HC-2000
- ICE Felix website
- ATM Turbo support site (contains Profi schematics)
- Virtual TR-DOS (contains some Profi software)
- Russian most popular Spectrum models
- History of creation