List of ancient Persian doctors
Encyclopedia
The following is a non-comprehensive list of Iran
ian doctors that lived from medieval times up until the beginning of the modern age.
By "Iranian", all the peoples of historic Persia are meant, i.e. what is today Iran
, Afghanistan
, and all the countries of Central Asia
("common modern definition") that were historically part of the Persian empire, whether or not such people were ethnic Persians or Iranians. In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear. They may have emigrated or immigrated, and thus may appear in other "Lists of...", but nevertheless their names and work are somehow linked to the words "Iranian" and/or "Persian".
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
ian doctors that lived from medieval times up until the beginning of the modern age.
By "Iranian", all the peoples of historic Persia are meant, i.e. what is today Iran
Iran
Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
, Afghanistan
Afghanistan
Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
, and all the countries of Central Asia
Central Asia
Central Asia is a core region of the Asian continent from the Caspian Sea in the west, China in the east, Afghanistan in the south, and Russia in the north...
("common modern definition") that were historically part of the Persian empire, whether or not such people were ethnic Persians or Iranians. In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear. They may have emigrated or immigrated, and thus may appear in other "Lists of...", but nevertheless their names and work are somehow linked to the words "Iranian" and/or "Persian".
A
- Abdolrahman, Sheikh Muhammad.
- AbhariAl-AbhariAthīr al‐Dīn al‐Mufaḍḍal ibn ʿUmar ibn al‐Mufaḍḍal al‐Samarqandī al‐Abharī, also known as Athīr al‐Dīn al‐Munajjim was a Persian philosopher, astronomer, astrologer and mathematician...
, mathematician. - Ahmad ibn FarrokhAhmad ibn FarrokhAhmad ibn Farrukh, also written Ahmad-i Farrokh, was a 12th century Persian physician from Herat.He was one of the teachers of Zayn al-Din al-Jurjani....
. - Ahmad Ibn Imad ul-dinAhmad Ibn Imad ul-dinAḥmad ibn ‘Imād al-Dīn, Ahmad ibn Imad ad-Din was a Persian physician and alchemist. He was probably from Nishapur in the 11th century.He was the author of an alchemical treatise titled On the Art of the Elixir which is preserved in the National Library of Medicine.No other copy has been...
and chemist. - Al-QumriAl-QumriAbu Mansur Hasan ibn Nuh Qumri was a Persian physician of the 10th century who lived in Khorasan. Qumri was the teacher of Avicenna. He was court physician to the Samanid prince al-Mansur, to whom he dedicated the only treatise by him that is preserved: the Kitab al-Ghina wa-al-Muna , which was...
, a Persian physician. - Al-NafisAl-NafisAla-al-din abu Al-Hassan Ali ibn Abi-Hazm al-Qarshi al-Dimashqi , known as Ibn al-Nafis , was an Arab physician who is mostly famous for being the first to describe the pulmonary circulation of the blood.He was born in 1213 in Damascus...
, a Persian physician - Amuli, Muhammad ibn MahmudMuhammad ibn Mahmud AmuliMuhammad ibn Mahmud al-Amuli was a medieval Persian physician from Amol, Iran.He wrote an Arabic commentary on the epitome of Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine that had been made by Yusuf al-Ilaqi....
. - Aqa-KermaniMuhammad Aqa-KermaniMuhammad Aqa-Kermani also written Aqkirmani was an 18th century Persian physician from Kerman, Iran.Little is known of Muhammad Aqkirmani's life except that he was active around the year 1747....
. - Aqsara'iAqsara'iJamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Muhammad Aqsara'i, also written al-Aqsara'i, was a 14th century Persian physician.He is known for his commentary on the Mujiz, which was an epitome made in the 13th century by Ibn al-Nafis of The Canon of Medicine of Avicenna.Al-Aqsara'i studied medicine with his father,...
. - Arastoo Khan Daneshvar Alavi.
- Arzani, MuqimMuqim ArzaniMuhammad Akbar ibn Mir Hajji Muhammad Muqim Arzani was a physician from Persia.Arzani was a celebrated Sufi physician of the late 17th and early 18th century. He composed many medical treatises, including the Qarabadin-i Qadiri, a pharmacopoeia written as a tribute to Sayyid Abd al-Qadir of Gilan...
. - AstarabadiAstarabadiAstarabadi is an Iranian surname, derived from the city of Astarabad, an important town in northern Iran. It may refer to:* Mirza Mehdi Khan Astarabadi , Iranian Chief Minister...
. - Ato-allah Khan Daneshvar Alavi
- AvicennaAvicennaAbū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā , commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived...
(Ibn Sina), philosopher
B
- BukhtishuBukhtishuBakhtshooa Gondishapoori were Persian Nestorian Christian physicians from the 7th, 8th, and 9th centuries, spanning 6 generations and 250 years. Some of them served as the personal physicians of Caliphs. Jurjis son of Bukht-Yishu was awarded 10,000 dinars by al-Mansur after attending to his malady...
, Persian Christian physicians of Academy of GundishapurAcademy of GundishapurThe Academy of Gondishapur , also Jondishapur , was a renowned academy of learning in the city of Gundeshapur during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid empire. It offered training in medicine, philosophy, theology and science. The faculty were versed in the Zoroastrian and... - Bukhtishu, Abdollah ibnAbdollah ibn BukhtishuAbu Sa'id Ubaid Allah ibn Bakhtyashu , also spelled Bukhtishu, Bukhtyashu, and Bakhtshooa in many texts, was an 11th century syriac physician, descendant of Bakhtshooa Gondishapoori. He spoke the Syriac language....
- Bukhtishu, Gabriel ibnJabril ibn BukhtishuJabril ibn Bukhtishu, also written as Bakhtyshu, was an 8-9th century physician from the Bukhtishu family of Persian Nestorian physicians from the Academy of Gundishapur...
- Bukhtishu, YuhannaYuhanna ibn BukhtishuYuhanna ibn Bukhtishu was a 9th century Persian physician from Khuzestan, Persia..Yuhanna ibn Bukhtishu‘ was a member of a prominent family of Nestorian Christian physicians originally from Jundishapur in Khuzastan who worked in Baghdad from the 8th through the 10th centuries...
- BurzoeBurzoeBorzūya was a Persian physician in the late Sassanid era, at the time of Khosrow I.He translated the Indian Panchatantra from Sanskrit into the Middle Persian language of Pahlavi. But both his translation and the original Sanskrit version he worked from are lost...
, a.k.a. Borzouyeh-i Tabib of Academy of GundishapurAcademy of GundishapurThe Academy of Gondishapur , also Jondishapur , was a renowned academy of learning in the city of Gundeshapur during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid empire. It offered training in medicine, philosophy, theology and science. The faculty were versed in the Zoroastrian and...
G
- Gilani, HakimAl-JilaniHakim Ali ibn Kamal al-Din Muhammad Gilani was a 16th century Persian royal physician from Gilan, Iran.He came from Persia to the Mughal court of Akbar and served under several Mughal rulers in northwest India...
, royal physician - Gorgani, Zayn al-Din Isma‘il ibn, royal physician
- Gorgani, RustamRustam GorganiRostam Gorgani was a mid-16th century Persian physician who lived in India.Rostam Gorgani was the court physician of two of the rulers of the Deccan sultanates, Malik Ahmad Shah I and Burhan Shah I , in the city of Ahmadnagar in the Deccan Plateau, India...
- Gorgani e Masihi, see Masihi GorganiAl-MasihiAbu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi al-Jurjani was a Persian Christian physician, from Gorgan, east of the Caspian Sea, in Iran.He was the teacher of Avicenna...
, Avicenna's master
H
- Hajji Zayn al-AttarHajji Zayn al-AttarAli ibn Husayn Ansari Shirazi, known as Haji Zayn Attar, was a 14th century Persian physician.He served for sixteen years as the court physician to the Muzaffarid ruler Shah Shuja, who ruled from 1358 to 1384...
- Hakim Ghulam ImamHakim Ghulam ImamHakim Ghulam Imam was a Persian physician, whose dates are uncertain.He composed a Persian-language treatise on therapeutics titled Ilaj al-ghuraba , which is preserved today in only one recorded manuscript, now in India, but which was also printed in India many times in the 19th century.Nothing is...
- Hakim Muhammad Mehdi NaqiMuhammad Mehdi ibn Ali NaqiMuhammad Mehdi ibn Ali Naqi was an early 18th century Persian physician from Isfahan.He composed a Persian treatise on hygiene and preservation of health addressed to travelers, titled Zad al-musafirin, which he wrote in Isfahan, during the Afghan invasion. He completed it on 15 September 1728...
- Hakim Muhammad Sharif KhanHakim Muhammad Sharif KhanHakim Muhammad Sharif Khan was a Shi'a physician of some importance at end of 18th century from Persia.He was physician to the Mughal emperor Shah Alam II and possibly to his son Akbar II...
- Haly Abbas, prominent physician
- Hamadani, Ali
- Harawi, Muhammad ibn Yusuf
- Hasani, QavameddinQiwam al-Din Muhammad al-HasaniQiwam al-Din Muhammad al-Hasani was a Persian physician of the late 17th century. Hasani was a scholar who is known to have been working in the city of Qazvin in Persia in the year 1694 CE. The National Library of Medicine has in its collections a rare copy of a collection of five Arabic poems...
- Hedayat-o-allah Khan Daneshvar Alavi
I
- Ibn Abi SadiqIbn Abi SadiqIbn Abi Sadiq Alnaishabouri, Abu al-Qasim ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Ali was an 11th century Persian physician from Nishapur in Khorasan.He was a pupil of Avicenna. As he composed a popular commentary on the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, he was known in some circles as "the second Hippocrates"...
, "The Second Hippocrates", Avicenna's disciple - Ibn Haytham, physicist
- Ibn Khaseb
- Ilaqi, YusefYusuf al-IlaqiMuḥammad ibn 'Alī al-Ilāqī was an eleventh century Persian physician from Khorasan.Contrary to Carl Brockelmann's information , Sharaf al-Zamān Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī al-Īlāqī of Bākharz , who was most probably active in Balkh , was not a figure of the 6th/12th century...
, AvicennaAvicennaAbū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā , commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna, was a Persian polymath, who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived...
's pupil - Ilyas, Yusef ibnYusuf ibn IlyasManṣūr ibn Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad ibn Yūsuf Ibn Ilyās was a late 14th century physician from Shiraz, Timurid Persia.Mansur was from a family of scholars and physicians active for several generations in the city of Shiraz...
- Ibn Sina, (Avicenna), Philosopher and Physician
- Isfahani, JalaleddinJalal al-Din Muhammad al-IsfahaniJalal al-Din Muhammad al-Isfahani, was a 19th century Persian physician from Isfahan.Jalal al-Din Muhammad al-Isfahani, who refers to himself as al-tabib al-Isfahani , composed an Arabic general treatise on therapeutics, arranged in order from head to foot. It was completed on 9 December 1828...
- Isfahani, HusaynHusayni al-IsfahaniGhiyath al-Din Ali ibn Amirin Husayni Isfahani was a 15th-century Persian physician and scientist from Isfahan, Iran. He is best known for a Persian encyclopedia of the natural sciences entitled Danish'namah-i Jahaan, which he completed in either 1474 or 1466. The encyclopedia was concerned with...
K
- Kazerouni, Masoud
- Kermani, IwadBurhan al-Din Nafis ibn ‘Iwad al-KirmaniBurha-ud-Din Kermani or Burhān al-Din Nafīs ibn ‘Iwad al-Kirmanī was a 15th century Persian physician from Kerman.Nafis ibn ‘Iwad al-Kirmani was court physician to Ulugh Beg, the grandson of Tamerlane and the governor of Samarqand from 1409 to 1449 CE....
- Khazeni, Abolfath, physicist
- Khorasani, Sultan Ali
M
- Majusi, Ibn Abbas
- Masihi GorganiAl-MasihiAbu Sahl 'Isa ibn Yahya al-Masihi al-Jurjani was a Persian Christian physician, from Gorgan, east of the Caspian Sea, in Iran.He was the teacher of Avicenna...
, Avicenna's master - Muwaffaq, Abu mansurAl-MuwaffakAbu Mansur Muvaffak Harawi was a 10th century Persian physician.He flourished in Herat of Persia, under the Samanid prince Mansur I ibn Nuh, who ruled from 961 to 976....
, pharmacologist - MasawaiyhMasawaiyhYuhanna ibn Masawaih, also written Ibn Masawaih, Masawaiyh, and in Latin Mesue, Masuya, Mesue Major, Msuya, and Mesue the Elder was an Assyrian physician from the Academy of Gundishapur...
or Masuya - Mirza Masyeh Khan Daneshvar Alavi (known as Hafez-o-Seh'ha in Esfahan)
- Mirza Ali HakimMirza AliFor the Persian miniature painter, see Abd al-SamadMirza Ali was a Persian physician that lived in the seventeenth century.Nothing is known about Mirza Ali other than what can be gleaned from the unique copy of his therapeutic treatise that is preserved in the National Library of Medicine...
- Mirza Arastou Khan Hakim Alavi
- Mirza Mousa Khan Daneshvar Alavi (Known as Nazem-ol-ateb'ba in Esfahan)
- Mirza Nezam-o-Aldin Khan
N
- NagawriAl-NagawriShahab al-Din ibn ‘Abd al-Karim Qivam al-Nagawri was a 14th century Persian physician.Shihab al-Din al-Nagawri composed several medical treatises, including a general handbook composed in 1392 and a short dictionary of drugs...
- NakhshabiNakhshabiZiya' al-Din Nakhshabi was an 14th-century Persian physician and Sufi living in India. He died in 1350.According to a statement in a manuscript now at The National Library of Medicine, Nakhshabi himself transcribed and illustrated a Persian translation made of a Hindi version of a Sanskrit treatise...
- Natili TabariAl-NatiliAl Husain ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Hasan ibn Khurshid al-Tabari al-Natili Amoli, was a Persian physician from Tabaristan.He flourished in the 10th century, and was a translator of Greek into Arabic. He dedicated, in 990-991AD, an improved translation of Dioscorides' De Materia Medica to the Prince Abu...
- NeishaburiNeishaburiAbu al-Qasim al-Habib Neishaburi was a Persian physician from Khorasan who lived before 1750CE. His name indicates he was from Nishapur.He is known to have written two Arabic treatises on Prophetic medicine...
- Noorallah Khan Daneshvar Alavi
- NurbakhshiNurbakhshiBaha' al-Dawlah ibn Siraj al-Din Shah Qasim ibn Muhammad al-Husayni Nurbakhshi , was a 15-16th century Persian physician.He obtained court favor in both Persia and Baghdad...
S
- Sahl, Shapur ibnShapur ibn SahlSābūr ibn Sahl was a 9th-century Persian Christian physician from the Academy of Gundishapur.Among other medical works, he wrote one of the first medical books on antidotes called Aqrabadhin, which was divided into 22 volumes, and which was possibly the earliest of its kind to influence Muslim...
. - Samarqandi, NajibeddinNajib al-Din al-SamarqandiNajib ad-Din Abu Hamid Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Umar Samarqandi was a 13th century Persian physician from Samarqand.Samarqandi died during the Mongol attack on Herat, in Persia, in 1222CE...
. - Sarakhsi, Ahmad tayyeb, Famous physician of Academy of GundishapurAcademy of GundishapurThe Academy of Gondishapur , also Jondishapur , was a renowned academy of learning in the city of Gundeshapur during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid empire. It offered training in medicine, philosophy, theology and science. The faculty were versed in the Zoroastrian and...
d900. - ShahrazuriAl-ShahrazuriShams al-Din Muhammad ibn Mahmud Shahrazuri was a 13th century Persian physician and philosopher of the Ilkhanate and late Abbasid era of Iran....
, philosopher and physician. - Shirazi, Imad al-Din Mas'udImad al-Din Mahmud ibn Mas‘ud ShiraziImad al-Din Mahmud ibn Mas‘ud Shirazi was a mid 16th century Persian physician from Shiraz, Iran.He studied medicine with his father in Shiraz and taught a number of students himself...
. - Shirazi, Muhammad Hadi KhorasaniAl-Khurasani al-ShiraziMuhammad Hussayn ibn Muhammad Hadi al-‘Aqili al-‘Alavi al-Khurasani al-Shirazi was a Persian physician from the 18th century from Shiraz.Muhammad Husayn ibn Muhammad Hadi, known as Hakim Muhammad Hadikhan, is mostly known for two Persian compendia on simple and compound remedies: Majma‘ al-javami‘...
. - Shirazi, Mahmud ibn IlyasMahmud ibn Ilyas ShiraziMahmud ibn Ilyas Shirazi was an authoritative Persian physician who lived before the 18th century and was from Shiraz.All that is known of this figure is that he is cited as an authority by ‘Ali ibn Shaykh Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Rahman who composed a versified Persian medical compendium titled...
. - Shirazi, Najm al-Din Mahmud ibn IlyasNajm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-ShiraziNajm al-Din Mahmud ibn Ilyas al-Shirazi was a Persian physician from Shiraz in Persia.His major composition was a large Arabic medical compendium, Kitab al-Hawi fi ‘ilm al-tadawi , whose title often caused confusion with the better-known Kitab al-Hawi written four centuries earlier by Rhazes...
. - Shirazi, QurayshiQurayshi al-ShiraziNur al-Din Muhammad Abd-Allah ibn Hakim ‘Ayn al-Mulk Qurayshi Shirazi was a mid 17th century Persian physician from Shiraz, Fars, Iran.He is best known for his large synopsis of 'Yunani' and Hindu medicine that was entitled Zakhira-i Dara-Shukuhi and dedicated to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan's...
. - Sijzi, Mas'udMas‘ud ibn Muhammad SijziMas‘ud ibn Muhammad Sijzi was a Persian physician who lived before 1334CE in eastern Iran.Little is known of the life of Mas‘ud ibn Muhammad al-Sijzi, only that he must have been working sometime before 1334CE...
. - Soleiman ibn HasanSoleiman ibn HasanSulayman ibn Muhammad Karim ibn Muhammad Wali ibn Himmat ibn Isa ibn Hasan was a Persian physician who lived before 1709CE.Virtually nothing is known of this author except that he composed a Persian treatise on simple and compound remedies that was written sometime before 1709 when one copy...
.
T
- Tabari, Abul HasanAbul Hasan al-TabariAbu-l-Hasan Ahmad ibn Mohammad al-Tabari, born in Amol, was a 10th century Persian physician from Tabaristan.He was a physician of Rukn al-dawlah, a Buwayhid ruler....
. - Tabari, Ibn SahlAli ibn Sahl Rabban al-TabariAbu al-Hasan Ali ibn Sahl Rabban al-Tabari also given as 810-855 and 783-858 was a Persian Muslim hakim, Islamic scholar, physician and psychologist of Zoroastrian descent, who produced one of the first encyclopedia of medicine. He was a pioneer of pediatrics and the field of child development...
, Jewish convert physician. Master of Rhazes. - Tabrizi, Maqsud AliMaqsud Ali TabriziMaqsud Ali Tabrizi was a 17th century Iranian physician from Tabriz.Maqsud Ali Tabrizi was a translator who worked at the request of the Mughal emperor Jahangir ....
. - TunakabuniTunakabuniMuhammad Mu'min ibn Mir Muhammad Zaman Tunakabuni was a Persian physician from the second half of the 17th century from Mazandaran.Tunakabuni was an author on various medical and religious topics. He based his large Persian compendium of simple and compound remedies, which according to the text was...
. - Tughra'iAl-TughraiMu'ayyad al-Din Abu Isma‘il al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Tughra'i was an 11th–12th century Persian physician.Mu'ayyad al-Din al-Tughra'i, was born in Isfahan in 1061CE, and was an important alchemist, poet, and administrative secretary...
.
See also
- List of Iranian scientists
- List of Iranian computer scientists
- NizamiyyahNizamiyyahThe Nezamiyehs , are a group of the medieval institutions of higher education established by Khwaja Nizam al-Mulk in the eleventh century in Iran. The name nizamiyyah derives from his name...
- Academy of GundishapurAcademy of GundishapurThe Academy of Gondishapur , also Jondishapur , was a renowned academy of learning in the city of Gundeshapur during late antiquity, the intellectual center of the Sassanid empire. It offered training in medicine, philosophy, theology and science. The faculty were versed in the Zoroastrian and...
- Modern Iranian scientists and engineers
- List of universities in Iran
- Darolfonoon
- Higher education in IranHigher education in IranIran has a large network of private, public, and state affiliated universities offering degrees in higher education. State-run universities of Iran are under the direct supervision of Iran's Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and Ministry of Health and Medical Education .-Pre-Islamic...
- Islamic scholars
- Ophthalmology in medieval IslamOphthalmology in medieval IslamOphthalmology was one of the foremost branches in medieval Islamic medicine. The oculist or kahhal , a somewhat despised professional in Galen’s time, was an honored member of the medical profession by the Abbasid period, occupying a unique place in royal households...
- Astronomy in Islam